{"title":"Physicochemical characterization and deterioration condition evaluation of three primary documents of Costa Rica's independence process","authors":"Paola Agüero-Gamboa , Paola Fuentes-Schweizer , Camila Hernández-Murillo , Mavis L. Montero","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research reports the results of the physicochemical characterization and deterioration condition evaluation of three nineteenth-century manuscripts, which are essential components of the Costa Rican documentary heritage. The documents were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and multispectral photography. The documents' condition was thoroughly evaluated, and the results were transformed into an index to correlate their deterioration state with the document's composition; this was achieved by using correlation plots and heatmaps. The study revealed that the Independence Act of Costa Rica was the most deteriorated document among the three manuscripts from the year 1821. This was attributed to its acidic pH level, high zinc content, and greater exposure to light compared to the other two documents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antreas Alexandrou , Filip Škola , Dimitrios Skarlatos , Stella Demesticha , Fotis Liarokapis , Andreas Aristidou
{"title":"Underwater virtual exploration of the ancient port of Amathus","authors":"Antreas Alexandrou , Filip Škola , Dimitrios Skarlatos , Stella Demesticha , Fotis Liarokapis , Andreas Aristidou","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater cultural heritage sites, spanning from submerged settlements to ancient ports and shipwrecks, captivate researchers and the public, providing insight into civilizations along coastlines and riverbanks. However, their accessibility and exploration are hindered by the sea’s physical barrier. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a transformative solution by providing digital accessibility to these underwater artifacts, enabling immersive exploration without physical limitations. VR enables people to embark on virtual tours of these sites, fostering a deeper appreciation of maritime archaeology and cultural heritage. Yet, fully realizing VR’s potential in underwater environments poses challenges, such as realistic virtual reconstruction and accurate simulation of marine life and coral reefs. Photogrammetry emerges as an effective technique for creating detailed 3D models, although underwater conditions often hinder quality outcomes. To address these challenges, our work focuses on digital underwater cultural heritage, presenting a gamified VR exploration of the ancient harbor of Amathus in Cyprus. Through photogrammetry, our VR environment enables users to explore and interact with the historic site seamlessly. Integrated guided tours, procedural generation, and machine learning algorithms enhance realism and user engagement. Evaluation through user studies demonstrates high-quality VR experiences with minimal discomfort, highlighting the efficacy and potential impact of our approach in enhancing underwater exploration and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eustathia Tsioufi , Vasiliki Kokla , A. Revithi , A. Karabotsos
{"title":"Application of microscopic imaging, multispectral techniques, and SEM/EDS analysis to the study of 19th century colour engravings","authors":"Eustathia Tsioufi , Vasiliki Kokla , A. Revithi , A. Karabotsos","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was carried out on a collection of coloured gravures, which are bound in one book volume entitled <em>“Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets”</em>. This book belongs to the Benaki's Collection of the Hellenic Parliament Library, Athens, Greece. Each page has a coloured print, depicting a different bird species. In most cases, the prints present oxidation<del>s</del> caused by the additives used in paper and printing inks manufacture, i.e. fillers, sizing agents, binders, solvents, and other chemical compounds.</div><div>By employing microscopic imaging, multispectral imaging, and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis significant information on the materials used, engraving techniques, as well as the preservation state of the printings studied can be obtained. The combination of the proposed methods yields successful results in identifying the materials used in the colour inks, as well as the paper support of the printings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultramarine blue containing paint layers: Further study of the photo-catalytic degradation of binding media","authors":"Anne Michelin , E. René de la Rie","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photo-catalytic degradation of a linseed oil binder by natural ultramarine (Lapis Lazuli or Lazurite) and Sodalite in paint layers was studied. Both pigments degrade the binder under xenon arc exposure, leading to erosion of the binder at the surface, increased roughness, light scattering and desaturation of the color. Both pigments behave similarly to synthetic ultramarine blue studied earlier. The results for Sodalite provide further proof that the zeolitic nature of the aluminosilicate cage causes the catalytic degradation and that the enclathrated polysulfur radical anions S<sub>2</sub><sup>-.</sup> and S<sub>3</sub><sup>-.</sup> trapped inside the cage are not responsible for the catalytic action. Relatively stable synthetic binders are less affected by the presence of synthetic ultramarine blue. The paints were aged in a xenon arc apparatus using a simulated indoor environment (radiation > ca. 320 nm). The samples were analyzed using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the UV–vis and short wavelength infrared (SWIR) ranges, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and FTIR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuopeng Li , Xuan Hu , Linhui Li , Jianfeng Cui , Tashi Tsering
{"title":"Reconstructing the firing process of pottery from dangxiong cemetery, Tibet, China: Estimating soaking time through XRD and thermal expansion analyses","authors":"Zhuopeng Li , Xuan Hu , Linhui Li , Jianfeng Cui , Tashi Tsering","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive analytical study was conducted, encompassing refiring experiments, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and thermal expansion analyses, to investigate the firing temperature and soaking time of pottery sherds found in Dangxiong Cemetery, China. The results established that the thermal expansion technique could precisely determine the lower limit of the pottery's equivalent firing temperature. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the mineral content of refired samples and the soaking times during refiring experiments was established, enabling accurate estimation of the soaking time of the pottery's original firing. The maximum firing temperature of some pottery sherds excavated from the Dangxiong cemetery exceeded 900 °C, and they maintained this temperature for a period of time not exceeding 20 min, indicating that these pottery sherds were probably fired in a structure without heavier insulating materials. This study, for the first time, illustrates the significant potential of combining XRD with the thermal expansion method in assessing the soaking time during the firing process of ancient pottery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical modeling of salt crystallization in masonry: A critical review of developed numerical models","authors":"Amin Nazerigivi , Bahman Ghiassi , Graça Vasconcelos , Amélia Dionísio","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt decay is widely recognized as one of the most common mechanisms for the deterioration of building materials in monuments, sculptures, and civil structures. Understanding how salt crystallization affects the integrity of historic structures is therefore essential. Numerical tools can be used for this purpose and for estimating the damage induced by salt crystallization; however, there is still a lack of standardized procedures for accurate simulation of this degradation mechanism. In this study, we critically review existing numerical models to identify their advantages and limitations. The considered primary balance equations, variable factors, constitutive laws, assumptions, test procedures, and boundary conditions are investigated in more detail to highlight essential features. This paper describes that numerical models are generally developed based on several simplifying presumptions, such as isothermal conditions, constant boundary conditions, and the presence of only one type of salt. The impact of hydraulic interface resistances in masonry assemblies of units and joints on the numerical analysis of salt crystallization remains unclear. Despite a general understanding of the mathematical problem, several challenges persist regarding the development of constitutive laws for salt mixtures. A more accurate and reliable predictive simulation for salt decay in masonry can be developed by addressing the open issues discussed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207424001833/pdfft?md5=9881e7c3502fb5b000c98d17974c5c67&pid=1-s2.0-S1296207424001833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometric decomposition and algorithmic model of main gate muqarnas of Ankara Cenabi Ahmet Pasha Mosque","authors":"Asli Agirbas","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cenabi Ahmet Pasha Mosque (Cenab-ı Ahmet Paşa Mosque) is known to be the only work that resembles the style of Architect Sinan in Ankara. In this study, it is aimed to examine the two-dimensional muqarnas scheme of the mosque's main gate and to determine through algorithmic modeling the combination of muqarnas cells in the third dimension. By the photogrammetry method, the grid and star forms used in the muqarnas plan scheme are revealed. The geometric characteristic of the muqarnas in two dimensions is determined. Cell types of the muqarnas and their geometric configurations are obtained. It is demonstrated that there is a radial grid in the plan of the Cenabi Ahmet Pasha Mosque main gate muqarnas, and that the three-dimensional structure of the muqarnas consisting of six layers includes almond cell, triangle cell, deltoid cell, intermediate triangle cell, intermediate deltoid cell, biped cell and triped cell. Additionally, an algorithmic model based on the creation of cell unit system is proposed for the creation of the muqarnas geometry in 3D.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying pigment features of Thangka Five Buddhas using hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Rui Wen , Fenglei Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thangka, a masterpiece of Tibetan painting, is renowned for its adept use of natural mineral pigments such as gold, turquoise, and cinnabar, which imbue it with profound artistic and historical significance. Presently, chemical analysis methods relying on microscopic perspectives are prevalent in researching the pigment components of cultural artifacts. However, these methods suffer from quantization gaps and carry the risk of damaging the relics. Hence, in this study, we focus on Thangka <em>Five Buddha</em> as our experimental sample and propose a novel approach utilizing Linear Spectral Mixed Analysis (LSMA) based on Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) technology to perform quantitative analysis of pigment components at a sub-pixel level. The results indicate the following. 1) A database of spectral curves for 25 representative Thangka pigments was established, covering 196 bands from 393 to 800 nm VIR-NIR range. 2) The LSMA model successfully separated the 13 pigment components of the Thangka at the sub-pixel level, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0186, which indicates high classification accuracy. 3) The quantitative analysis reveals that 33.07 % of the area is painted using a single pigment, while 56.01 % is painted using a combination of two pigments. Verdigris (18.56 %), malachite (17.52 %), and cinnabar (10.91 %) are the pigment types with the highest proportions among them. Out of the 521 pigment combinations, verdigris and turquoise (4.55 %), malachite and calcite (4.02 %), minium and cinnabar (2.87 %), and turquoise and malachite (2.82 %) are more commonly used. 4) The application of quantitative analysis methods demonstrates significant potential in painting techniques, authentication processes, and establishing historical dating, among other areas of study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 120-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingwen Cui , Ning Tao , Akam M. Omer , Cunlin Zhang , Qunxi Zhang , Yirong Ma , Zhiyang Zhang , Dazhi Yang , Hai Zhang , Qiang Fang , Xavier Maldague , Stefano Sfarra , Xiaoyu Chen , Jianqiao Meng , Yuxia Duan
{"title":"Attention-enhanced U-Net for automatic crack detection in ancient murals using optical pulsed thermography","authors":"Jingwen Cui , Ning Tao , Akam M. Omer , Cunlin Zhang , Qunxi Zhang , Yirong Ma , Zhiyang Zhang , Dazhi Yang , Hai Zhang , Qiang Fang , Xavier Maldague , Stefano Sfarra , Xiaoyu Chen , Jianqiao Meng , Yuxia Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ancient mural degradation and destruction may result from various natural causes, resulting in cracks, peeling, or bulging. As such, regular testing and evaluation of ancient murals are indispensable for protecting and preserving cultural relics. In many scenarios, the acquisition of detection data can be expedited through the use of mechanical arms and imaging equipment. However, the subsequent data analysis relies on experienced human inspectors, resulting in a laborious and time-consuming process. This study focuses on automated analysis of cracks in ancient murals using optical pulsed thermography. A technique that combines an attention mechanism and the U-Net neural network is proposed for refined crack feature extraction. Concerning the identification of ancient mural cracks based on limited training data, U-Net with the attention mechanism demonstrates superior performance over both the conventional U-Net and a traditional image segmentation algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Value-based optimization model for cultural route design: Ancient Water Supply Heritage of Istanbul (Türkiye)","authors":"Cem Balcan , Elif Özlem Aydın , Özgür Ünsal","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cultural tourism has become an increasingly growing human activity in today's world. Therefore, various cultural/natural heritage areas or buildings face large tourist crowds, causing physical, social, or cultural deterioration. Cultural routes, which provide a systematic approach and planned tourists move, can reduce the negative effects of overtourism. This study aims to develop an optimization model as a supportive tool for the cultural route design process. The proposed optimization model aims to maximize cultural experience while satisfying constraints on heritage values, building types, historical eras, and general routing rules. Moreover, this model, creating optimized cultural routes, is expected to contribute to regulating economic income and tourist density. As a case study, the ancient water supply systems of Istanbul, inherited from the Roman and the Ottoman empires and currently overlooked, are investigated. Heritage values, mentioned in the extensive literature, are reviewed and the values/attributes for this study are appointed according to the characteristics of the case heritage assets, and their environment. The values of the case structures are evaluated with value analysis after field study. An optimum cultural route for Istanbul's historical water supply heritage, according to the objective and the constraints of the model, is obtained by solving the model with the case data. The resulting route can make this overlooked heritage of Istanbul recognized and spread the tourist density in the city center. The model is flexible, allowing for easy modification of the objective function, constraints, and values when designing routes across various heritage sites. This model can be used not only in the design of new cultural routes but also in optimizing existing routes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}