Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of sea-level rise and wave inundation in the Tongariki Complex, Rapa Nui","authors":"Noah Paoa ,&nbsp;Charles H. Fletcher ,&nbsp;Assaf Azouri ,&nbsp;Matthew Barbee ,&nbsp;Tiffany R. Anderson ,&nbsp;Martin Guiles ,&nbsp;Shellie Habel ,&nbsp;Philip Thompson ,&nbsp;Kristian McDonald ,&nbsp;Camilla Tognacchini ,&nbsp;Gabriel Wilkins Riroroko ,&nbsp;Douglas S. Luther","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea-level rise (SLR) threatens both modern assets and the irreplaceable, tangible heritage of past coastal settlements. Assessment of SLR inundation on coastal cultural sites has been a topic of growing interest but the distribution of research is globally uneven and particularly scarce in Pacific Islands. Using XBeach in 2D non-hydrostatic mode we simulate the wave environment under future SLR scenarios in the Tongariki Complex, Rapa Nui, to estimate the extent of wave- and SLR-induced inundation. We model the extent of SLR-induced flooding at current mean higher high water and SLR scenarios of 1.2 m and 3 m. Wave modeling is accomplished using 1-yr and 100-yr swell event return periods. We find that cultural assets are within the reach of wave run-up at current sea level and the number of assets impacted could triple by 2100. Particularly, we estimate that the iconic <em>Ahu Tongariki</em>, part of the Rapa Nui National Park UNESCO world heritage site, could be reached by seasonal waves as soon as 2080 under a High SLR scenario (1.2 m SLR). The results suggest urgency for SLR-related assessments in other coastal cultural sites in the Rapa Nui National Park and encourage community consultation for adaptation and mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between geological materials and the environment at the Dazu Rock Carvings, China","authors":"Haiqing Yang ,&nbsp;Xingyue Li ,&nbsp;Francesca Cappitelli","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the historical built environment is of great significance to the heritage conservation and the reconstruction of the level of anthropogenic pollution in the past. On the Dazu Rock Carvings, China, a black to reddish-brown, relatively dense mineral film with a thickness of approximately 150 μm was observed on the surface of the sandstone. The chemical composition of the mineral film studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Electron Probe Micro- Analyz (EPMA), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Ion Chromatography (IC), revealed that its development was comprehensively controlled by environmental conditions, especially by environmental pollution. The mineral film consisted primarily of clay minerals and iron oxide. It also contained a large amount of detrital quartz and feldspar, with a clear boundary with the underlying mineral matrix. The bacterial community was also investigated by next generation sequencing and its potential metabolisms through PICRUSt2. The mineral film on the surface of sandstone and its microbial community may provide a certain degree of protection for the internal structure. As a passive sampler, the variation of the concentration of pollution elements in the mineral film is helpful to understand the past environmental pollution of the city. Besides the relevance for stone heritage conservation, this study provides insights into the interplay between geological materials and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mildew spectral index of ancient Chinese silk paintings based on hyperspectral imaging data","authors":"Sa Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Cen ,&nbsp;Liang Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Gao ,&nbsp;Guanghua Li ,&nbsp;Yao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Painting and calligraphy possess significant historical value and play a crucial role in the transmission of human cultural heritage. However, the presence of mildew greatly impacts the preservation of painting and calligraphy, thereby affecting their cultural value and legacy. Traditional mildew detection methods rely on manual visual inspection and/or chemical analysis, which are limited by inefficiency, subjectivity, the need for nondestructiveness, and low accuracy. Here, we overcome these limitations by developing a new mildew spectral index (MSIndex) using hyperspectral imaging technology and the mildew characteristics of ancient Chinese silk paintings. This approach provides support for the rapid, accurate, and nondestructive extraction and identification of mildew in ancient Chinese silk paintings. We first analyzed the mildew spectra on ancient Chinese silk paintings and optimized the spectral characteristics of mildew based on the hyperspectral data. Then, using this analysis, we constructed the MSIndex to detect mildew. We tested the proposed mildew detection method on the hyperspectral dataset of Shen Qinglan Tieluo on Qing Dynasty (1796–1805), followed by the evaluation of its generalization ability using the hyperspectral dataset of the <em>Portrait of Pañcika Arhat</em> (dated 1756) as an independent validation set. The results suggested that the proposed MSIndex was robust and effective with an overall accuracy of 94.17 % in mildew detection. The MSIndex was also capable of detecting mildew regions even in complex environments, such as those involving other pigments or diseases. This method can help professionals make accurate restoration plans for ancient Chinese silk paintings and support the preservation of cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the reversibly cross-linked polymer-consolidated waterlogged archaeological woods from Zhangwan No.1 shipwreck","authors":"Siheng Li ,&nbsp;Lehao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuyang Tzeng ,&nbsp;Nan Feng ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Lishuang Sheng ,&nbsp;Yixuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zhangwan No.1 Shipwreck, excavated in 2012, urgently requires the application of conservation materials to protect its waterlogged archaeological woods. In this work, reversibly cross-linked polymer (RCP) is employed as conservation materials to consolidate the waterlogged archaeological woods from Zhangwan No.1 Shipwreck and its corresponding consolidation effect is thoroughly evaluated. RCP-based conservation materials are constructed by penetrating 2-formylphenylboric acid modified polydimethylsiloxane (PPBA) into the waterlogged wood samples, and then in-situ reversibly cross-linking by N-coordinated boroxines (NCBs). In-situ formed reversibly cross-linked conservation materials (PNCB) can support the structure of the archaeological woods to improve their dimensional stability. The shrinkage rate of the PNCB-consolidated archaeological woods is ∼2.1% and its anti-shrinkage efficiency is ∼85.6%. Moreover, the PNCB-consolidated archaeological woods exhibit the excellent humidity stability and thermostability due to the stable cross-linking network of PNCB. Even under the environment with relative humidity of 100%, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the PNCB-consolidated archaeological woods is only ∼0.4%, significantly lower than that of un-consolidated and polyethylene glycol-consolidated archaeological woods. Because the NCB cross-linkers can be broken by ethanol, the PNCB conservation materials within the archaeological woods can be depolymerized into PPBA and eliminated from the archaeological woods after ethanol immersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel nanocomposite hydrogel system for synergistic paper deacidification and reinforcement","authors":"Qingxia Meng ,&nbsp;Chenshu Liu ,&nbsp;Chongwen Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Jiao ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Li ,&nbsp;Haolin Fan ,&nbsp;Songbin Ben","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acidification is one of the major factors exacerbating paper deterioration, rendering documents brittle and prone to crumbling—even under gentle handling. This process is widespread among paper-based artifacts and progresses rapidly, posing a serious threat to their long-term preservation. As such, the need for effective deacidification and reinforcement methods in the conservation and restoration of paper artifacts is becoming increasingly urgent. This study proposes an innovative dual-purpose nanocomposite system, GG-C-M, achieving both deacidification and reinforcement effects on paper artifacts. The system is composed of a hydrogel matrix loaded with deacidifying and structural reinforcement agents. We analyzed the physicochemical properties—including microscopic morphology, pH, alkali reserves, and tensile strength—of acidified, dry heat-aged, and UV-aged paper samples before and after treatment with GG-C-M. Our results show that GG-C-M effectively treats severely acidified paper (pH ≤ 5.0), restoring it to a mildly alkaline state as well as improving their mechanical properties. The treatment significantly improves those physiochemical properties, while also mitigating adverse macroscopic and microscopic side-effects such as edge curling, increased thickness, whitening, and particle residue—issues commonly observed after direct application of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nano-Mg(OH)₂ (C-M) dispersion. The proposed nanocomposite system offers advantages such as biocompatibility, localized treatment, controllable swelling, strong adsorption, and easiness of application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The non-destructive characterization of a rare Liao silver reliquary from the Museum of oriental art in Turin (Italy)","authors":"Benedetta Vitale ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Cicero ,&nbsp;Emma Angelini ,&nbsp;Sabrina Grassini ,&nbsp;Gaia Platania ,&nbsp;Micaela Castellino ,&nbsp;Marco Fontana ,&nbsp;Tommaso Poli ,&nbsp;Anna Collarin ,&nbsp;Marco Demmelbauer ,&nbsp;Franca Varallo ,&nbsp;Stefania De Blasi ,&nbsp;Marco Guglielminotti Trivel ,&nbsp;Eliano Diana","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research study focuses on the archaeometric investigation of a delicate silver object. The artefact may be stylistically attributed to the Chinese Liao dynasty (907–1125 AD) and exhibits some peculiar aspects. It is made up of five overlapping and untied silver foil components, which may have been taken from unrelated artefacts and reassembled in ancient times. However, very little provenance information is available, and its manufacturing process is unknown. In addition, the reliquary was found in a highly fragmentary state, with advanced corrosion, extensive yellowing of the silver foils and severe embrittlement, which highly compromised its structural integrity and the legibility of its decorative features. Thus, a non-destructive and multi-analytical approach, based on surface spectroscopic techniques and structural characterization, was carried out on micro-fragments detached spontaneously from the reliquary. This study investigates the materials and manufacturing techniques, the conservation history, and the coherence of the five assembled components of this unique reliquary. Moreover, the investigation allowed us to gain insight into the silver microstructure and the possible causes of the observed alteration phenomena The results provide new knowledge on the metalworking practices of the Liao dynasty and might be valuable for developing and optimising strategies to restore the structural integrity of brittle ancient silver artefacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediments surrounding waterlogged archaeological wood: could arsenic be involved in preserving wooden pile dwelling from microbial decay? The Gran Carro case study (Lake Bolsena, central Italy)","authors":"M.C. Moscatelli ,&nbsp;R. Marabottini ,&nbsp;S. Tamantini ,&nbsp;G.M. Di Buduo ,&nbsp;G. Galotta ,&nbsp;F. Antonelli ,&nbsp;M. Romagnoli","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) conservation depends on several abiotic properties related to water and/or sediments (temperature, pH, redox potential, salinity, heavy metals or pollutants) and biotic factors (amount and type of microorganisms and their metabolic activity). All these factors may be altered by anthropic activities and/or climate changes thus accelerating or decreasing wood decay rates. Regardless of its rate, the decomposition and alteration of submerged material can be expected to leave traces in the surrounding sediment properties.</div><div>Gran Carro is an archaeological site, located at Lake Bolsena (central Italy) and characterised by the presence of wooden pile dwellings (WPD). According to the most recent archaeological evidence, the site dates back in the period spanning from Middle Bronze Age (XV century BC) to the Early Iron Age (IX century BC). The study of waterlogged WPD, particularly those located in Mediterranean areas, was the object of <strong>WOODPDLAKE</strong> project financed by JPI-CH19. Lake Bolsena sediments chemical, biochemical (enzymatic activities) and microbiological properties (EL-FAME profiles), discriminated in the portion in tight contact with WAW (WSed) and the sediment in the surrounding area (Sed), are reported in this article with the aim to highlight any “wood effect”.</div><div>Most properties showed a clear “wood effect” indicating that WSed was strongly influenced by the processes occurring within WAW. The chemical properties of Gran Carro sediments showed a consistent amount of arsenic deriving from the volcanic lithological substrate whose fractionation showed, however, that it was mostly present in stable and immobilized forms. The presence of sulphate reducing bacteria suggested, in fact, the use of arsenic to form insoluble sulphide mineral-like phases that precipitated in the sediment and in wood structure. Arsenic was also highly concentrated within WAW, negatively impacting microbial biomass and activity, in terms of enzymatic activities, which were significantly decreased in WSed. The geochemistry and mobility of arsenic ion depend on environmental factors that may be impacted by climate changes. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the current variations of environmental matrices such as soil, sediments, water in contact with archaeological material to understand the potential effects on the conservation of cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword “Advances in artificial intelligence and quantitative methods for archaeology and art history”","authors":"Marco Corneli ,&nbsp;Isabelle Théry ,&nbsp;Vanna Lisa Coli ,&nbsp;Luca Calatroni","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Page 11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for real-time underground built heritage visualization enhancement","authors":"Robert Olbrycht ,&nbsp;Alfonso Bahillo Martínez ,&nbsp;Ernesto Marcheggiani ,&nbsp;Müge Akkar Ercan ,&nbsp;Pinar Karagöz ,&nbsp;Karol Kropidłowski ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Pace","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This scientific paper aims to address the challenges that come with enhancing the real-time visualization of underground heritage sites. The study seeks to overcome the limitations of low-light conditions and human color perception in underground environments by proposing a solution that combines image processing techniques and augmented reality (AR) concepts. The system utilizes a virtual reality (VR) headset integrated with a stereovision camera to capture live images. To improve image quality, the study evaluates various image processing algorithms, such as MultiScale Retinex and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization. The results show that the proposed methods are effective in enhancing the sightseeing experience of underground heritage sites. The image processing algorithms successfully brighten dark areas, increase clarity, and reveal subtle color differences. The paper discusses the system architecture and requirements, along with prototype testing in underground heritage sites. Overall, the developed system significantly improves the visualization of underground heritage sites in real-time, providing visitors with a more immersive and enhanced visual experience. The research offers valuable insights for future applications and research in this domain, contributing to the field of underground heritage visualization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active thermography for the analysis and conservation of Roman lead pipes at the Baia archaeological park","authors":"Massimo Rippa ,&nbsp;Paola Fenelli ,&nbsp;Antimo Di Meo ,&nbsp;Giorgio Trojsi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservation and study of ancient cultural heritage artifacts, particularly those that have been buried or weathered over time, present considerable challenges. Among these artifacts, Roman lead pipes (<em>fistulae plumbeae</em>) require non-destructive methods to assess their condition and reveal hidden details. This study explores the application of active thermography (AT) as a non-destructive method for analyzing these artifacts, focusing on three distinct thermal stimulation techniques: hot air, long light pulse, and short light pulse. The analysis was conducted on three <em>fistulae plumbeae</em> from the Baia Archaeological Park, including a detailed case study on the <em>Pisones fistula</em>. Advanced thermal data processing techniques, such as Maximum Thermal Gradient, Thermal Recovery, and Principal Component Thermography, were employed to assess the conservation state of these pipes. The findings demonstrate that AT effectively identifies areas of deterioration, encrustations, and impurity accumulation, while also providing insights into the impact of restoration interventions. This pioneering research highlights the potential of infrared thermography for the non-destructive analysis of Roman lead pipes and underscores the broader applicability of thermal imaging technologies in cultural heritage conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}