Sensors最新文献

{"title":"Application of Zeolite-Based Materials for Chemical Sensing of VOCs.","authors":"Dusan Stosic, Vladimir Zholobenko","doi":"10.3390/s25051634","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable levels of pollution produced by urbanization and industrial development have established a need for monitoring the presence of harmful compounds and the assessment of environmental risks to provide a basis for timely reaction and the prevention of disastrous consequences. Chemical sensors offer a reasonable solution; however, the desired properties, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reliability, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness, are not always easily met. To this end, the incorporation of zeolites in sensor materials has attracted considerable attention. Such hybrid sensor materials exhibit excellent performances due to the unique properties of zeolites, which have been successfully utilized in gas-sensing applications. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the area of the application of zeolites as sensor materials, focusing on the detection of volatile organic compounds and highlighting the role of zeolite frameworks and the proposed mechanisms in the sensing process. Finally, we consider possible future directions for the development of zeolite-based sensor technology, including the application of hierarchical materials, nanosized zeolites, and 2D material-zeolite heterostructures that would fulfill industrial and environmental demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Shape-Preserving Au Electrode for Progesterone Detection.","authors":"Fukuto Soyama, Taisei Motomura, Kenshin Takemura","doi":"10.3390/s25051620","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantifying progesterone levels in the body is an important indicator of early pregnancy and health. Molecular shape-preserving electrodes have garnered attention in electrochemical biosensors because they can detect targets without the need for expensive enzymes or antibodies. However, some of the currently used methods typically have low electrode durability. Here, progesterone, for which antibodies are typically expensive, was used to develop a molecular shape-preserving electrode using Au to enhance its long-term stability. The physical properties of the electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The specific structure of the electrode demonstrated an electrochemical double layer comparable to that of a smooth Au electrode, confirming its high durability. The detection performance was assessed using CV, square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The current response to progesterone increased in a concentration-dependent manner, but decreased from the saturated state owing to electrodeposition on the surface. Additionally, electrochemical impedance measurements showed high selectivity compared with hormones with similar structures. The fabricated molecular shape-preserving electrode exhibits an excellent durability, stability, and detection performance, confirming its suitability for long-term use. These findings pave the way to new possibilities for electrode fabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Sensitivity Magnetic Field Sensor Based on an Optoelectronic Oscillator with a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.","authors":"Mingjian Zhu, Pufeng Gao, Shiyi Cai, Naihan Zhang, Beilei Wu, Yan Liu, Bin Yin, Muguang Wang","doi":"10.3390/s25051621","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The magnetic field sensor consists of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the lower arm of the interferometer wound around a magnetostrictive transducer. Due to the magnetostrictive effect, an optical phase shift induced by magnetic field variation is generated between two orthogonal light waves transmitted in the upper and lower arms of the MZI. The polarization-dependent property of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is utilized to transform the magnetostrictive phase shift into the phase difference between the sidebands and optical carrier, which is mapped to the oscillating frequency upon the completion of an OEO loop. High-sensitivity magnetic field sensing is achieved by observing the frequency shift of the radio frequency (RF) signal. Temperature-induced cross-sensitivity is mitigated through precise length matching of the MZI arms. In the experiment, the high magnetic field sensitivity of 6.824 MHz/mT with a range of 25 mT to 25.3 mT is achieved and the sensing accuracy measured by an electrical spectrum analyzer (ESA) at \"maxhold\" mode is 0.002 mT. The proposed sensing structure has excellent magnetic field detection performance and provides a solution for temperature-insensitive magnetic field detection, which would have broad application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flexible PVDF Sensor for Forcecardiography.","authors":"Salvatore Parlato, Jessica Centracchio, Eliana Cinotti, Gaetano D Gargiulo, Daniele Esposito, Paolo Bifulco, Emilio Andreozzi","doi":"10.3390/s25051608","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forcecardiography (FCG) uses force sensors to record the mechanical vibrations induced on the chest wall by cardiac and respiratory activities. FCG is usually performed via piezoelectric lead-zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors, which simultaneously record the very slow respiratory movements of the chest, the slow infrasonic vibrations due to emptying and filling of heart chambers, the faster infrasonic vibrations due to movements of heart valves, which are usually recorded via Seismocardiography (SCG), and the audible vibrations corresponding to heart sounds, commonly recorded via Phonocardiography (PCG). However, PZT sensors are not flexible and do not adapt very well to the deformations of soft tissues on the chest. This study presents a flexible FCG sensor based on a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transducer. The PVDF FCG sensor was compared with a well-assessed PZT FCG sensor, as well as with an electro-resistive respiratory band (ERB), an accelerometric SCG sensor, and an electronic stethoscope for PCG. Simultaneous recordings were acquired with these sensors and an electrocardiography (ECG) monitor from a cohort of 35 healthy subjects (16 males and 19 females). The PVDF sensor signals were compared in terms of morphology with those acquired simultaneously via the PZT sensor, the SCG sensor and the electronic stethoscope. Moreover, the estimation accuracies of PVDF and PZT sensors for inter-beat intervals (IBIs) and inter-breath intervals (IBrIs) were assessed against reference ECG and ERB measurements. The results of statistical analyses confirmed that the PVDF sensor provides FCG signals with very high similarity to those acquired via PZT sensors (median cross-correlation index of 0.96 across all subjects) as well as with SCG and PCG signals (median cross-correlation indices of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively). Moreover, the PVDF sensor provides very accurate estimates of IBIs, with R² > 0.99 and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) of [-5.30; 5.00] ms, and of IBrIs, with R² > 0.96 and LoA of [-0.510; 0.513] s. The flexibility of the PVDF sensor makes it more comfortable and ideal for wearable applications. Unlike PZT, PVDF is lead-free, which increases safety and biocompatibility for prolonged skin contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Enhancing Inventory Efficiency of Densely Stacked Tags in RFID Cabinets.","authors":"Chengzhen Ma, Jia Chai, Kaiqi Ren, Tingting Xie, Zhicheng Ruan, Yuzhu Liu, Dan Zhang, Suiping Jiang","doi":"10.3390/s25051617","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explicitly proposes a novel algorithm to enhance the inventory efficiency of densely stacked tags in a radio frequency identification (RFID) cabinet. By flexibly setting the inventoried flags, tags are not repeatedly inventoried by different interrogator antennas in the RFID cabinet. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm's feasibility. The experimental results show that for 560 stacked tags, the proposed algorithm achieves 100% inventory accuracy while reducing inventory time by 40%, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency of tag inventory management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Enhanced Bimetallic Optical Fiber SPR Biosensor Using Graphene Oxide for the Label-Free and Sensitive Detection of Human IgG.","authors":"Qiang Xu, Huiting Yin, Mei Cui, Renliang Huang, Rongxin Su","doi":"10.3390/s25051630","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fiber-reinforced SPR sensor based on silver-nucleated gold-shell bimetallic nanoparticles and graphene oxide was developed and applied to human IgG detection. The refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the Ag@Au/GO fiber SPR sensor is as high as 4715.9 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.333-1.365. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) can specifically recognize and bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) of the antibody; it facilitates the highly targeted immobilization of the antibody. SPA and rabbit anti-human IgG were immobilized on the surface of the Ag@Au/GO fiber SPR sensor for the detection of different concentrations of human IgG with a sensitivity of 0.53 nm/μg/mL and detection limits of 0.037 μg/mL. This biosensor based on the mixed structure of GO and Ag@Au combined the common advantages of the two materials. Therefore, our study provides a simple platform for biological analysis and has a good application prospect.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 24 GHz End-Fire Rod Antenna Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide.","authors":"Yanfei Mao, Shiju E, Yu Zhang, Wen-Cheng Lai","doi":"10.3390/s25051636","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the traditional rod antennas in the literature are in the shape of a cylinder or are conical, which are not suitable shapes for planar PCB technology or planar integrated CMOS or BiCMOS technology. In this paper, we present a 24 GHz planar end-fire rod antenna based on an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) suitable for planar PCB technology or planar integrated circuit technology. The antenna is made of PCB Rogers 4350 and utilizes the SIW to realize the end-fire rod antenna. The measurement results of the antenna are presented: its gain is 8.55 dB and its S11 bandwidth is 6.2 GHz. This kind of planar end-fire rod antenna possesses the characteristics of high gain, wide bandwidth, compactness, and simple design and structure. This type of antenna can also be used as a PCB antenna in other frequency bands, and it could also possibly be utilized in mm-wave and THz integrated antenna design in the future due to its very simple architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method to Address the Impact of Incident Conditions on the Spectral Reconstruction of the Talbot Wavemeter.","authors":"Yiming Wang, Yu Huang, Xiaohu Yang, Zhanfeng Li, Yue Li","doi":"10.3390/s25051609","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Talbot wavemeter has attracted widespread attention from researchers in recent years due to its advantages of miniaturization and low cost. However, the impact of varying incident conditions caused by factors such as alignment has remained a challenge for spectral retrieval. This paper first derives the influence of different incident conditions on the interference pattern based on Fresnel diffraction and verifies the derivation through simulations. We propose a method to address the impact of incident conditions on the interference pattern. By adding a grating with a different periodicity in front of the detector, Moiré fringes are generated in the periodicity dimension, increasing the fringe period and thus enlarging the tolerance for angular misalignment. Finally, we constructed a Talbot wavemeter based on a double-grating structure, achieving a spectral resolution of 9 nm at 360 nm. This method provides a reference for the future development of a high-precision, high-resolution Talbot wavemeter.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-Learning-Based Analysis of Electronic Skin Sensing Data.","authors":"Yuchen Guo, Xidi Sun, Lulu Li, Yi Shi, Wen Cheng, Lijia Pan","doi":"10.3390/s25051615","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E-skin is an integrated electronic system that can mimic the perceptual ability of human skin. Traditional analysis methods struggle to handle complex e-skin data, which include time series and multiple patterns, especially when dealing with intricate signals and real-time responses. Recently, deep learning techniques, such as the convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and transformer methods, provide effective solutions that can automatically extract data features and recognize patterns, significantly improving the analysis of e-skin data. Deep learning is not only capable of handling multimodal data but can also provide real-time response and personalized predictions in dynamic environments. Nevertheless, problems such as insufficient data annotation and high demand for computational resources still limit the application of e-skin. Optimizing deep learning algorithms, improving computational efficiency, and exploring hardware-algorithm co-designing will be the key to future development. This review aims to present the deep learning techniques applied in e-skin and provide inspiration for subsequent researchers. We first summarize the sources and characteristics of e-skin data and review the deep learning models applicable to e-skin data and their applications in data analysis. Additionally, we discuss the use of deep learning in e-skin, particularly in health monitoring and human-machine interactions, and we explore the current challenges and future development directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Transfer-Learning-Based Multimodal Human Pose Estimation for Lower Limbs.","authors":"Guoming Du, Haiqi Zhu, Zhen Ding, Hong Huang, Xiaofeng Bie, Feng Jiang","doi":"10.3390/s25051613","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and reliable human pose estimation (HPE) is essential in interactive systems, particularly for applications requiring personalized adaptation, such as controlling cooperative robots and wearable exoskeletons, especially for healthcare monitoring equipment. However, continuously maintaining diverse datasets and frequently updating models for individual adaptation are both resource intensive and time-consuming. To address these challenges, we propose a meta-transfer learning framework that integrates multimodal inputs, including high-frequency surface electromyography (sEMG), visual-inertial odometry (VIO), and high-precision image data. This framework improves both accuracy and stability through a knowledge fusion strategy, resolving the data alignment issue, ensuring seamless integration of different modalities. To further enhance adaptability, we introduce a training and adaptation framework with few-shot learning, facilitating efficient updating of encoders and decoders for dynamic feature adjustment in real-time applications. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework provides accurate, high-frequency pose estimations, particularly for intra-subject adaptation. Our approach enables efficient adaptation to new individuals with only a few new samples, providing an effective solution for personalized motion analysis with minimal data.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}