Sensors最新文献

{"title":"Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.","authors":"Kanchana Silawarawet, Chutipon Trirattananurak, Jirawat Muksuwan, Surasak Sangdao, Darawadee Panich, Sairag Saadprai","doi":"10.3390/s26082556","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming and increasing heatwaves elevate the risk of exertional heat illnesses, particularly heatstroke, in endurance athletes and outdoor workers. This study developed and validated a wearable heatstroke warning system integrating physiological and environmental monitoring with a real-time web dashboard. The wrist- and finger-worn prototype comprised an ESP32 microcontroller and heart rate (MAX30101), skin temperature (MAX30205), ambient temperature and humidity (SHT31), and galvanic skin response (Grove-GSR v1.2) sensors with dual acoustic-visual alerts and WiFi transmission. Fifteen triathletes (18-39 years) completed 30 min of cycling in a climatic chamber: 0-15 min at 24 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 16-30 min at 27 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 10% RH, with the workload rising from 40%HRmax by 10% every 10 min. Heart rate, estimated core temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and GSR were recorded every 30 s and compared with standard devices using Spearman correlation (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Heart rate, skin temperature (used a linear model to calculate core body temperature), ambient temperature, and humidity sensors showed fair-very good validity (r = 0.692, 0.995, 0.994, 0.952), while GSR was low (r = 0.298). No significant differences were observed for heart rate, skin temperature, and humidity (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but body temperature (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and GSR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) differed. The system showed promising validity for real-time heatstroke risk monitoring, with further refinement needed for skin temperature and GSR sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretch-ICP: A Continuous-Trajectory Registration and Deskewing Algorithm in Scenarios of Aggressive Motions.","authors":"Simon-Pierre Deschênes, Veronica Vannini, Philippe Giguère, François Pomerleau","doi":"10.3390/s26082567","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robust robotic autonomy remains challenging in complex environments, where loss of stability on uneven or slippery terrain can induce extreme accelerations and angular velocities. Such motions corrupt sensor measurements and degrade state estimation, motivating the need for improved algorithmic robustness. To investigate this issue, we introduce the Tumbling-Induced Gyroscope Saturation (TIGS) dataset, which consists of recordings from a mechanical lidar and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) tumbling down a hill. The dataset contains angular speeds up to four times higher than those in similar datasets and is publicly available. We then propose two complementary methods to improve Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) robustness and evaluate them on TIGS. First, Saturation-Aware Angular Velocity Estimation (SAAVE) estimates angular velocities when gyroscope measurements become saturated during aggressive motions, reducing angular speed estimation error by 83.4%. Second, Stretch-ICP, a novel registration and deskewing algorithm, enables reconstruction of smoother 6-Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) trajectories under aggressive motions compared to <i>classical</i> Iterative Closest Point (ICP). Stretch-ICP reduces linear and angular velocity errors by 95.2% and 94.8%, respectively, at scan boundaries. Together, these contributions improve the robustness and consistency of lidar-inertial state estimation under aggressive motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Resistive Sensors for Wearable and Ergonomics Applications: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mina Tabrizi, Ignacio Gil, Montserrat Corbalan, Raúl Fernández-García","doi":"10.3390/s26082563","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexible resistive sensors are promising for wearable and ergonomic applications because they can be easily fabricated on textiles or flexible substrates and enable real-time monitoring of human movement and posture, especially in health monitoring systems. This review presents an overview of recent developments in an interdisciplinary way and summarises advances in materials, fabrication methods, and ergonomic applications. A structured literature search was conducted across major databases, including only studies focused on resistive sensing. The selected works were analysed in terms of conductive materials, fabrication techniques (e.g., direct ink writing (DIW) and textile-based methods), and their integration into wearable systems. Flexible resistive sensors are widely used for monitoring joint motion, posture, and physiological signals in healthcare and industrial environments. However, several challenges remain, including limitations in sensitivity, signal stability, material durability, and the need for reliable calibration in real-world conditions. This review highlights current progress and existing limitations and outlines future research directions toward more robust and user-friendly wearable sensing solutions for ergonomic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per-Span Microwave-Frequency Fiber Interferometry for Amplified Transmission Links Employing High-Loss Loopbacks.","authors":"Georgios Aias Karydis, Menelaos Skontranis, Christos Simos, Iraklis Simos, Thomas Nikas, Charis Mesaritakis, Adonis Bogris","doi":"10.3390/s26082551","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of long-distance transoceanic cables equipped with high-loss loopbacks enables distributed sensing with a resolution determined by amplifier spacing, typically in the order of 50-100 km. Microwave-frequency fiber interferometry is a promising trans-mission technique for investigating long links supported by periodic optical amplification. In this paper, we propose a variant of this technique that ensures compatibility with links containing high-loss loopbacks, thereby transforming the integrated sensing approach into a distributed one. We highlight the critical modifications required to overcome challenges associated with the detection of multiple return signals, and we conduct a proof-of-principle experiment using a two-loop configuration. We demonstrate the concept by detecting and localizing low-frequency (<10 Hz) events-whether human-generated or induced by fiber stretchers-with span-level resolution. This validates the potential of the modified microwave-frequency interferometry approach for transoceanic cable monitoring in scenarios where high-loss loopbacks are present. We also present a theoretical analysis that evaluates the limits of the technique across different frequency ranges, in comparison with optical interferometry methods based on high-spectral-purity fiber lasers. The analysis shows that for long amplifier spacings (~100 km), micro-wave-frequency fiber interferometry exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio advantage at sub-Hz frequencies (<0.1 Hz) compared to state-of-the-art optical interferometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Diagnostic Framework with Compensation Algorithms for Inherent Rotor Faults Using Rotor Experiments.","authors":"Shyh-Chin Huang, Thanh-Trung Pham, Trong-Du Nguyen, Yu-Jen Chiu","doi":"10.3390/s26082565","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In practical engineering applications, rotor-bearing systems inevitably exhibit inherent or residual faults such as imbalance and shaft-bow, originating from manufacturing tolerances, thermal deformation, or operational loading. Accurate monitoring of these faults and their evolution is fundamental to the effectiveness of modern prognostics and health management (PHM) frameworks. However, if such inherent faults are not identified at an early stage, substantial deviations in fault diagnosis may occur, thereby compromising the accuracy of subsequent prognostic assessments and maintenance strategies. This study presents a hybrid diagnostic methodology that integrates a physics-based model with neural network techniques to enhance rotor fault diagnosis. A Jeffcott rotor subjected to simultaneous disk imbalance and shaft-bow is used to demonstrate the methodology, and the results proves its superior capability for simultaneous fault identification. Nonetheless, discrepancies between model predictions and experimental results are observed, attributed to the presence of inherent faults within the rotor system. To address this issue, algorithms for inherent fault identification and compensation, supported by experimental verification, are developed. Following compensation, the accuracy in simultaneously diagnosing and estimating the parameters of imbalance and shaft-bow is significantly improved. The proposed methodology is designed for seamless integration into real-time monitoring systems of industrial rotating machinery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Medical Image Segmentation in Multisensor Imaging: A Survey in the Era of Mamba and Foundation Models.","authors":"Xiu Shu, Youqiang Xiong, Zhangli Ma, Xinming Zhang, Di Yuan","doi":"10.3390/s26082558","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning has revolutionized medical image segmentation; however, the clinical deployment of state-of-the-art models is severely impeded by their quadratic computational complexity and substantial resource demands, particularly in multisensor and multimodal imaging scenarios. In response, the field is undergoing a paradigm shift towards efficiency, characterized by the rise of linear-complexity architectures and the optimization of foundation models. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of efficient medical image segmentation methodologies, systematically reviewing the evolution from heavy, accuracy-driven models to lightweight, deployment-ready paradigms. In particular, we highlight the growing importance of efficient segmentation in multisensor medical imaging, where heterogeneous data sources such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, and infrared imaging introduce additional challenges in scalability and computational cost. We propose a novel taxonomy that categorizes these advancements into four distinct streams: (1) Mamba and State Space Models, which leverage selective scanning mechanisms to achieve global receptive fields with linear complexity; (2) Efficient Adaptation of Foundation Models, focusing on parameter-efficient fine-tuning and knowledge distillation to tailor the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for medical domains; (3) Advanced Lightweight Architectures, covering the resurgence of large-kernel CNNs and the emergence of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs); and (4) Data-Efficient Strategies, including semi-supervised and federated learning to address annotation scarcity. Furthermore, we conduct a rigorous comparative analysis of representative algorithms on mainstream benchmarks, providing a granular evaluation of the trade-offs between segmentation accuracy and computational overhead. The survey also discusses key challenges in multisensor and multimodal settings, including modality heterogeneity, data fusion complexity, and resource constraints. Finally, we identify critical challenges and outline future research directions, serving as a roadmap for the development of next-generation efficient and scalable medical image analysis systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Covariance-Based Detectors for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Communications.","authors":"Dayan Adionel Guimarães","doi":"10.3390/s26082557","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article proposes modified test statistics for six blind covariance-based detectors used in data fusion cooperative spectrum sensing, where the full Hermitian sample covariance matrix (SCM) of the received signal is replaced by a symmetric real-valued partial sample covariance matrix (PSCM). This substitution results in a substantial reduction in overall computational complexity compared to the original SCM-based formulations, while preserving or improving detection accuracy under realistic conditions that include non-uniform noise powers, time-varying distance-dependent path loss, spatially correlated shadowing, and multipath fading with a random Rice factor. The computation of the PSCM requires 50% fewer floating-point operations than the full SCM and offers a hardware-friendly structure due to its reliance on real-valued arithmetic. On the test statistic side, the adoption of the PSCM leads to computational costs ranging from 3.37% to 61.9% of those incurred by the corresponding SCM-based test statistics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor-Based and VR-Assisted Visual Training Enhances Visuomotor Reaction Metrics in Youth Handball Players.","authors":"Ricardo Bernárdez-Vilaboa, Juan E Cedrún-Sánchez, Silvia Burgos-Postigo, Rut González-Jiménez, Carla Otero-Currás, F Javier Povedano-Montero","doi":"10.3390/s26082555","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sensor-based systems and virtual reality (VR) technologies provide new opportunities for the objective, technology-driven assessment and training of visuomotor performance in applied contexts such as sport.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the effects of an integrated visual training program combining stroboscopic stimulation, VR-based vergence exercises, and instrumented reaction-light tasks in adolescent handball players. Twenty-eight adolescent handball players (under-18 competitive level) completed two baseline assessments separated by six weeks, followed by a six-session training program (approximately 15 min per session) integrated into regular team practice. The intervention targeted visuomotor reaction speed, accommodative dynamics, and peripheral visual responsiveness using sensor-based and virtual reality-assisted stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with both baseline measurements, the intervention produced selective improvements in accommodative facility (cycles per minute, cpm)-particularly near-far focusing speed-and in multiple reaction-time conditions (milliseconds, ms) involving manual and decision-based responses. Specific peripheral-field locations showed increased response scores, whereas binocular alignment, AC/A ratio, near phoria, and stereoscopic acuity remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that technology-supported visual training protocols incorporating sensor-based reaction systems and VR stimuli were associated with measurable adaptations in dynamic visuomotor processing while preserving fundamental binocular vision parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QHAWAY: An Instance Segmentation and Monocular Distance Estimation ADAS for Vulnerable Road Users in Informal Andean Urban Corridors.","authors":"Abel De la Cruz-Moran, Hemerson Lizarbe-Alarcon, Wilmer Moncada, Victor Bellido-Aedo, Carlos Carrasco-Badajoz, Carolina Rayme-Chalco, Cristhian Aldana, Yesenia Saavedra, Edwin Saavedra, Alex Pereda","doi":"10.3390/s26082569","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulnerable road users in informal urban environments confront a distinct set of hazards that standard computer vision datasets are ill-equipped to represent: artisanal speed bumps constructed without regulatory compliance, deteriorated road markings, and the mototaxi-a three-wheeled motorized vehicle that constitutes the primary informal transport mode in intermediate Andean cities yet is absent from all major international repositories. This paper presents QHAWAY-from Quechua <i>qhaway,</i> a transitive verb meaning \"to look; to observe\"-an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) predicated on instance segmentation, monocular distance estimation via the pinhole camera model, and Time-to-Collision (TTC) computation, developed for the road environment of Ayacucho, Peru (2761 m a.s.l.), a city recognised by UNESCO as a Creative City of Crafts and Folk Art since 2019. A hybrid dataset comprising 25,602 images with 127,525 annotated instances across 12 classes was assembled by combining an original local collection of 4598 images (10,701 instances) captured through four complementary acquisition methods across the five urban districts of the Huamanga province with three established international datasets (BDD100K, BSTLD, RLMD; 21,004 images, 116,824 instances). A three-phase progressive training strategy with monotonically increasing resolution (640, 800, and 1024 pixels) was evaluated as an ablation study. A multi-architecture comparison spanning YOLOv8L-seg and the YOLO26 family (nano, small, large) identified YOLO26L-seg as the best-performing model, attaining mAP50 Box of 0.829 and mAP50 Mask of 0.788 at epoch 179. The integration of ByteTrack multi-object tracking with the pinhole equation D=(Hreal×f)/hpx delineates operational risk zones aligned with the NHTSA forward collision warning standard (danger: <3 m; caution: 3-7 m; TTC threshold ≤ 2.4 s). The system sustains processing rates of 19.2-25.4 FPS on an NVIDIA RTX 5080 GPU. A systematic field survey established that 96% of the audited speed bumps fail to comply with MTC Directive No. 01-2011-MTC/14, constituting the first quantitative record of informal road infrastructure non-compliance in the Andean region. Validation was conducted under naturalistic driving conditions without staged scenarios. Grad-CAM explainability analysis, encompassing three complementary visualisation algorithms (Grad-CAM, Grad-CAM++, and EigenCAM), confirmed that model attention concentrates consistently on safety-critical objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-Oriented Inference Framework for Lightweight and Energy-Efficient Object Localization in Electrical Impedance Tomography.","authors":"Takashi Ikuno, Reiji Kaneko","doi":"10.3390/s26082570","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26082570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a promising non-invasive sensing technique, yet its practical application in resource-constrained environments is often limited by the high computational cost of inverse image reconstruction. To address this challenge, we focus on specific sensing objectives rather than full image recovery. In this study, we propose a lightweight, task-oriented inference framework for object localization in EIT that bypasses the need to solve computationally expensive inverse reconstruction problems. This approach addresses the high computational demands and hardware complexity of conventional iterative methods, which often hinder real-time monitoring in resource-constrained edge computing environments. Training datasets were generated via finite element method (FEM) simulations for Opposite and Adjacent current injection configurations. A feedforward neural network was developed to independently estimate the radial and angular object positions as probability distributions. Our systematic evaluation revealed that the localization performance depends on the injection configuration and model depth; notably, the Opposite method achieved perfect classification accuracy (1.00) for radial estimation with an optimized architecture of four hidden layers, whereas the Adjacent method exhibited higher ambiguity. Results quantitatively evaluated using the Wasserstein distance show that the Opposite configuration produces more localized, unimodal probability distributions than the Adjacent configuration by utilizing current fields that traverse the entire domain. Compared with existing image-based reconstruction methods, including the conventional electrical impedance tomography and diffuse optical tomography reconstruction software (EIDORS ver.3.12), the proposed framework reduced energy consumption from 3.09 to 0.96 Wh, demonstrating an approximately 70% improvement in energy efficiency while maintaining a high localization accuracy without the need for iterative Jacobian updates. This task-oriented framework enables reliable, high-speed, and energy-efficient localization, making it well-suited for low-power EIT applications in mobile and embedded sensor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}