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A Federated Reinforcement Learning Framework via a Committee Mechanism for Resource Management in 5G Networks. 通过委员会机制实现 5G 网络资源管理的联合强化学习框架。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217031

Jaewon Jeong, Joohyung Lee

{"title":"A Federated Reinforcement Learning Framework via a Committee Mechanism for Resource Management in 5G Networks.","authors":"Jaewon Jeong, Joohyung Lee","doi":"10.3390/s24217031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel decentralized federated reinforcement learning (DFRL) framework that integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with decentralized federated learning (DFL). The DFRL framework boosts efficient virtual instance scaling in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) environments for 5G core network automation. It enables multiple MECs to collaboratively optimize resource allocation without centralized data sharing. In this framework, DRL agents in each MEC make local scaling decisions and exchange model parameters with other MECs, rather than sharing raw data. To enhance robustness against malicious server attacks, we employ a committee mechanism that monitors the DFL process and ensures reliable aggregation of local gradients. Extensive simulations were conducted to evaluate the proposed framework, demonstrating its ability to maintain cost-effective resource usage while significantly reducing blocking rates across diverse traffic conditions. Furthermore, the framework demonstrated strong resilience against adversarial MEC nodes, ensuring reliable operation and efficient resource management. These results validate the framework's effectiveness in adaptive and efficient resource management, particularly in dynamic and varied network scenarios.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Robust Position Integration Optimization-Based Alignment Method for In-Flight Coarse Alignment. 基于位置整合优化的新型飞行中粗校准方法。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217000

Xiaoge Ning, Jixun Huang, Jianxun Li

{"title":"A Novel Robust Position Integration Optimization-Based Alignment Method for In-Flight Coarse Alignment.","authors":"Xiaoge Ning, Jixun Huang, Jianxun Li","doi":"10.3390/s24217000","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217000","url":null,"abstract":"In-flight alignment is a critical milestone for inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system (INS/GNSS) applications in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The traditional position integration formula for in-flight coarse alignment requires the GNSS velocity data to be valid throughout the alignment period, which greatly limits the engineering applicability of the method. In this paper, a new robust position integration optimization-based alignment (OBA) method for in-flight coarse alignment is presented to solve the problem of in-flight alignment under a prolonged ineffective GNSS. In this methodology, to achieve a higher alignment accuracy in case the GNSS is not effective throughout the alignment period, the integration of GNSS velocity into the local-level navigation frame is replaced by the GNSS position in the Earth-centered, Earth-fixed frame, which avoids the need for complete GNSS velocity data. The simulation and flight test results show that the new robust position integration method proposed in this paper achieves higher stability and robustness than the conventional position integration OBA method and can achieve an alignment accuracy of 0.2° even when the GNSS is partially time-invalidated. Thus, this greatly extends the application of the OBA method for in-flight alignment.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Learning Approaches for the Assessment of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage Using Neonatal Head Ultrasound. 利用新生儿头部超声评估胚芽基质出血的深度学习方法

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217052

Nehad M Ibrahim, Hadeel Alanize, Lara Alqahtani, Lama J Alqahtani, Raghad Alabssi, Wadha Alsindi, Haila Alabssi, Afnan AlMuhanna, Hanadi Althani

引用次数: 0

Study of the Brain Functional Connectivity Processes During Multi-Movement States of the Lower Limbs. 下肢多运动状态下的大脑功能连接过程研究

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217016

Pengna Wei, Tong Chen, Jinhua Zhang, Jiandong Li, Jun Hong, Lin Zhang

{"title":"Study of the Brain Functional Connectivity Processes During Multi-Movement States of the Lower Limbs.","authors":"Pengna Wei, Tong Chen, Jinhua Zhang, Jiandong Li, Jun Hong, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/s24217016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217016","url":null,"abstract":"Studies using source localization results have shown that cortical involvement increased in treadmill walking with brain-computer interface (BCI) control. However, the reorganization of cortical functional connectivity in treadmill walking with BCI control is largely unknown. To investigate this, a public dataset, a mobile brain-body imaging dataset recorded during treadmill walking with a brain-computer interface, was used. The electroencephalography (EEG)-coupling strength of the between-region and within-region during the continuous self-determinant movements of lower limbs were analyzed. The time-frequency cross-mutual information (TFCMI) method was used to calculate the coupling strength. The results showed the frontal-occipital connection increased in the gamma and delta bands (the threshold of the edge was >0.05) during walking with BCI, which may be related to the effective communication when subjects adjust their gaits to control the avatar. In walking with BCI control, the results showed theta oscillation within the left-frontal, which may be related to error processing and decision making. We also found that between-region connectivity was suppressed in walking with and without BCI control compared with in standing states. These findings suggest that walking with BCI may accelerate the rehabilitation process for lower limb stroke.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Remote Sensing Images Using Chaotic Mapping to Optimize Sparse Representation. 利用混沌映射优化稀疏表示的遥感图像超分辨率重构。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217030

Hailin Fang, Liangliang Zheng, Wei Xu

{"title":"Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Remote Sensing Images Using Chaotic Mapping to Optimize Sparse Representation.","authors":"Hailin Fang, Liangliang Zheng, Wei Xu","doi":"10.3390/s24217030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217030","url":null,"abstract":"Current super-resolution algorithms exhibit limitations when processing noisy remote sensing images rich in surface information, as they tend to amplify noise during the recovery of high-frequency signals. To mitigate this issue, this paper presents a novel approach that incorporates the concept of compressed sensing and explores the super-resolution problem of remote sensing images for space cameras, particularly for high-speed imaging systems. The proposed algorithm employs K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) to jointly train high- and low-resolution image blocks, updating them column by column to obtain overcomplete dictionary pairs. This approach compensates for the deficiency of fixed dictionaries in the original algorithm. In the process of dictionary updating, we innovatively integrate the circle chaotic mapping into the solution process of the dictionary sequence, replacing pseudorandom numbers. This integration facilitates balanced traversal and simplifies the search for global optimal solutions. For the optimization problem of sparse coefficients, we utilize the orthogonal matching pursuit method (OMP) instead of the L1 norm convex optimization method used in most reconstruction techniques, thereby complementing the K-SVD dictionary update algorithm. After upscaling and denoising the image using the dictionary pair mapping relationship, we further emphasize image edge details with local gradients as constraints. When compared with various representative super-resolution algorithms, our algorithm effectively filters out noise and stains in low-resolution images. It not only performs well visually but also stands out in objective evaluation indicators such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio and information entropy. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in super-resolution remote sensing images, yielding high-quality remote sensing image data.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Bed Design for Temperature-Controlled DNA Amplification Using Optoelectronic Sensors. 使用光电传感器进行温控 DNA 扩增的热床设计。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217050

Guillermo Garcia-Torales, Hector Hugo Torres-Ortega, Ruben Estrada-Marmolejo, Anuar B Beltran-Gonzalez, Marija Strojnik

{"title":"Thermal Bed Design for Temperature-Controlled DNA Amplification Using Optoelectronic Sensors.","authors":"Guillermo Garcia-Torales, Hector Hugo Torres-Ortega, Ruben Estrada-Marmolejo, Anuar B Beltran-Gonzalez, Marija Strojnik","doi":"10.3390/s24217050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217050","url":null,"abstract":"Loop-Mediated Isothermal Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a widely used technique for nucleic acid amplification due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid results. Advances in microfluidic lab-on-chip (LOC) technology have enabled the integration of LAMP into miniaturized devices, known as μ-LAMP, which require precise thermal control for optimal DNA amplification. This paper introduces a novel thermal bed design using PCB copper traces and FR-4 dielectric materials, providing a reliable, modular, and repairable heating platform. The system achieves accurate and stable temperature control, which is critical for μ-LAMP applications, with temperature deviations within ±1.0 °C. The thermal bed's performance is validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations, showing uniform temperature distribution and a rapid thermal response of 2.5 s to reach the target temperature. These results highlight the system's potential for applications such as disease diagnostics, biological safety, and forensic analysis, where precision and reliability are paramount.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation of Steel-Borne Acoustic Pulses for Fault Pinpointing in Pipe-Type Cable Systems: A Scaled-Down Model Approach. 用于管道型电缆系统故障定位的钢载声脉冲实验研究：缩小模型方法

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217043

Zaki Moutassem, Gang Li, Weidong Zhu

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Steel-Borne Acoustic Pulses for Fault Pinpointing in Pipe-Type Cable Systems: A Scaled-Down Model Approach.","authors":"Zaki Moutassem, Gang Li, Weidong Zhu","doi":"10.3390/s24217043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217043","url":null,"abstract":"Pipe-type cable systems, including high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) and high-pressure gas-filled cables, are widely used for underground high-voltage transmission. These systems consist of insulated conductor cables within steel pipes, filled with pressurized fluids or gases for insulation and cooling. Despite their reliability, faults can occur due to insulation degradation, thermal expansion, and environmental factors. As many circuits exceed their 40-year design life, efficient fault localization becomes crucial. Fault location involves prelocation and pinpointing. Therefore, a novel pinpointing approach for pipe-type cable systems is proposed, utilizing accelerometers mounted on a steel pipe to capture fault-induced acoustic signals and employing the time difference of arrival method to accurately pinpoint the location of the fault. The experimental investigations utilized a scaled-down HPFF pipe-type cable system setup, featuring a carbon steel pipe, high-frequency accelerometers, and both mechanical and capacitive discharge methods for generating acoustic pulses. The tests evaluated the propagation velocity, attenuation, and pinpointing accuracy with the pipe in various embedment conditions. The experimental results demonstrated accurate fault pinpointing in the centimeter range, even when the pipe was fully embedded, with the acoustic pulse velocities aligning closely with the theoretical values. These experimental investigation findings highlight the potential of this novel acoustic pinpointing technique to improve fault localization in underground systems, enhance grid reliability, and reduce outage duration. Further research is recommended to validate this approach in full-scale systems.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognition of Impact Load on Connecting-Shaft Rotor System Based on Motor Current Signal Analysis. 基于电机电流信号分析的连轴转子系统冲击载荷识别。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217008

Kun Zhang, Zhaojian Yang, Qingbao Bao, Jianwen Zhang

{"title":"Recognition of Impact Load on Connecting-Shaft Rotor System Based on Motor Current Signal Analysis.","authors":"Kun Zhang, Zhaojian Yang, Qingbao Bao, Jianwen Zhang","doi":"10.3390/s24217008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s24217008","url":null,"abstract":"Impact loads affect the operational performance and safety life of rolling equipment's connecting-shaft rotor system, even causing faults and accidents. Therefore, recognizing and investigating impact loads is of great significance. Hence, a load recognition method based on motor current information is proposed in this paper to recognize impact loads on the connecting-shaft rotor system. First, the fast Fourier transform is used to obtain the frequency domain information for the motor's current response signal from the rotor system load recognition test. Consequently, the required load response information can be presented more clearly using the singular value decomposition method to remove the power frequency components in the current signal. Then, wavelet packet decomposition is performed on the signal to generate energy analysis feature vectors. A qualitative recognition of the impact load on the system is achieved by learning vector quantization neural networks; the resulting load recognition results are good. These findings indicate that using the motor current as the analysis signal can solve the problem of the difficult layout for traditional vibration sensors in rolling sites. The preprocessing and recognition method of the current response signal can recognize the impact load, confirming the applicability and feasibility of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MEMS and ECM Sensor Technologies for Cardiorespiratory Sound Monitoring-A Comprehensive Review. 用于心肺声音监测的 MEMS 和 ECM 传感器技术--全面回顾。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217036

Yasaman Torabi, Shahram Shirani, James P Reilly, Gail M Gauvreau

引用次数: 0

A Novel Panorama Depth Estimation Framework for Autonomous Driving Scenarios Based on a Vision Transformer. 基于视觉转换器的新型自动驾驶场景全景深度估计框架。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/s24217013

Yuqi Zhang, Liang Chu, Zixu Wang, He Tong, Jincheng Hu, Jihao Li

引用次数: 0