Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

Investigation of the bioactive constituents of Goniothalamus wightii: Antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, anticancer, and molecular docking studies

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100392

Vino Palani , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Santhosh Chinnaraj , Arunkumar Malaisamy , Viji Maluventhen , Vijaya Anand Arumugam , Wen-Chao Liu , Maruthupandian Arumugam

{"title":"Investigation of the bioactive constituents of Goniothalamus wightii: Antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, anticancer, and molecular docking studies","authors":"Vino Palani , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Santhosh Chinnaraj , Arunkumar Malaisamy , Viji Maluventhen , Vijaya Anand Arumugam , Wen-Chao Liu , Maruthupandian Arumugam","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the current study was to isolate and purify the bioactive metabolite compound using <em>Goniothalamus wightii</em> leaf extracts and evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxic activities and their <em>in-silico</em> molecular docking studies. A novel compound of 6-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one was purified by column chromatography and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrum, and types and numbers of nuclei in a molecule are examined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Antioxidant activities are evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picyrl-hydrazyl, 2ʼ, -2ʼ azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and ferric reducing power assays. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of active bio compounds against human pathogens by agar well diffusion methods. Cytotoxic activities of the active compound were evaluated against breast and cervical cancer cell lines by cytotoxicity assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods. Likewise, anti-inflammatory activities have more potent inhibitory effects on human red blood cell membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays. Further, this compound was evaluated computationally using Schrödinger software. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer protein markers were chosen based on their activity and properties. The discovered bioactive compound synergizes and may lead to new drugs shortly. This study concluded that the 6-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a moral source isolated from the natural medicinal plant for therapeutic purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of ZnO content on activated carbon/ZnO for enhanced acetaminophen removal under very low light intensity: Kinetics, operational variables, and radical trapping response

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100391

Nurul Izzati Izhar , Zul Adlan Mohd Hir , Hartini Ahmad Rafaie , Shaari Daud

{"title":"Influence of ZnO content on activated carbon/ZnO for enhanced acetaminophen removal under very low light intensity: Kinetics, operational variables, and radical trapping response","authors":"Nurul Izzati Izhar , Zul Adlan Mohd Hir , Hartini Ahmad Rafaie , Shaari Daud","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activated carbon-supported ZnO (AC/ZnO) photocatalyst was prepared using a simple mixing approach with varying ZnO mass ratio. The photoactivity was tested against acetaminophen (ACE) in an aqueous solution, assisted by low UVC light intensity (7 W). Characterization analyses revealed that the AC/ZnO particles mainly exhibited irregular shapes with uniform distributions and high crystallinity, and the primary oxidation state in the structure is Zn<sup>2+</sup> with standard chemical state difference of 23 eV. The band gap of the AC/ZnO composite photocatalysts decreased when AC was integrated with ZnO. Among the composite photocatalysts, higher separation efficiency was observed comparatively with a low ZnO content. Interestingly, the fabrication of AC onto ZnO appeared to contribute to a significant enhancement in photoactivity of pristine ZnO. The photodegradation of ACE by AC/ZnO (0.05:1.5) followed pseudo-first order kinetics and almost complete removal of ACE was achieved under normal conditions. The photo-induced charge carrier's excellent separation efficiency, as demonstrated by the band gap and photoluminescence spectra, was associated with the optimized activities beneath UVC irradiation<strong>.</strong> The best photocatalyst can be recycled up to five times towards ACE degradation without any regeneration step or severe deactivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of sea urchins (Diadema setosum) colony distribution on UAV imagery data using fuzzy logic approach

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100389

Ayub Sugara , Yenni P. Sari , Muhamad S. Sangadji , Aninda W. Rudiastuti , Teguh A. Pianto , Vincentius P. Siregar , Syamsul B. Agus , Dewayany Sutrisno

{"title":"Detection of sea urchins (Diadema setosum) colony distribution on UAV imagery data using fuzzy logic approach","authors":"Ayub Sugara , Yenni P. Sari , Muhamad S. Sangadji , Aninda W. Rudiastuti , Teguh A. Pianto , Vincentius P. Siregar , Syamsul B. Agus , Dewayany Sutrisno","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been widely used to identify the spatial distribution of marine and coastal resources. <em>Diadema setosum</em> plays a crucial role in controlling algae populations in coral reef ecosystems, which would otherwise compete with corals for sunlight. <em>Diadema setosum</em> lives in colonies and generally exists in shallow water areas such as coral, seagrass, and sand. Due to its ecological importance in controlling algae and its economic value as a high-nutrient food source, monitoring and managing the distribution and abundance of Diadema setosum is crucial for sustaining coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the ability of UAV imagery to detect the spatial distribution of <em>Diadema setosum</em> colonies using a simple index ratio approach and fuzzy logic. The study was conducted on the southwest coast of Lancang Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia, from May 3 to 12, 2018. The results showed that the red-green ratio index (RGRI) band combination from the UAV image was better at detecting <em>Diadema setosum</em> colonies than the green-blue ratio index (GBRI) was. The range of index values for <em>Diadema setosum</em> obtained from GBRI and RGRI transformations were 0.717887–1.989796 and 0.510457–1.183333, respectively. The combination of fuzzy logic and the RGRI band index demonstrated strong performance in detecting the distribution of <em>Diadema setosum</em> colonies, achieving an overall classification accuracy exceeding 90%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drone-assisted climate-smart agriculture (DACSA): A spatially-based outcome prediction model as an initial approach to track yield changes in shallot planting areas

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100388

Gunawan S. Prabowo , Andreas P. Adi , Ari S. Budiyanta , Adi Wirawan , Abdul Aziz , Fuad S. Pranoto , Try Kusuma , Angga Septiawan , Danartomo , Bambang H. Trisasongko

{"title":"Drone-assisted climate-smart agriculture (DACSA): A spatially-based outcome prediction model as an initial approach to track yield changes in shallot planting areas","authors":"Gunawan S. Prabowo , Andreas P. Adi , Ari S. Budiyanta , Adi Wirawan , Abdul Aziz , Fuad S. Pranoto , Try Kusuma , Angga Septiawan , Danartomo , Bambang H. Trisasongko","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenge of meeting the world's food demands while protecting the environment is an urgent concern. Leveraging Technology 4.0, precision agriculture management emerges as a promising solution to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. With this goal in mind, a research project was undertaken to develop a spatial model capable of providing real-time notifications on changes in plant yield and location. This map would enable farmers to monitor their fields more precisely and with greater detail. The research commenced by conducting direct soil measurements and capturing crop spectra using drones equipped with multispectral cameras. The collected data was then mosaicked, processed, and combined with crop yield data to create a set of samples. Machine learning algorithms were employed to make predictions, and the yield projections were integrated into spatial maps. These maps can be utilized for navigation and to track areas anticipated to experience yield changes. The result is a spatial map model that serves as a tracking and navigation system, empowering farmers to monitor crop yield changes effectively. This research is an integral part of the development of the Drone-Assisted Climate-Smart Agriculture (DACSA) system, which employs drones for tasks such as obtaining multispectral image data from onion plants, mapping, spraying, and fertilizing. Leveraging the input data spectrum, this spatial navigation map model is expected to contribute to the gradual implementation of precision agriculture, ensuring sustained productivity, and enabling the localization of crop issues in specific areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A versatile family of distributions: Log-linear regression model and applications to real data

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100385

Mustapha Muhammad , Badamasi Abba , Isyaku Muhammad , Hassan S. Bakouch , Jinsen Xiao

引用次数: 0

Monitoring and assessment of vegetation covers of different biogeographical zones in Jordan using remote sensing and mathematical modelling

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100386

Anna I. Kurbatova , Nawras Shatnawi , A.M. Tarko , Hani A. Abu Qdais , Elizaveta A. Grigorets

{"title":"Monitoring and assessment of vegetation covers of different biogeographical zones in Jordan using remote sensing and mathematical modelling","authors":"Anna I. Kurbatova , Nawras Shatnawi , A.M. Tarko , Hani A. Abu Qdais , Elizaveta A. Grigorets","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant systems act as reservoirs for storing carbon in biomass and soil. The main objective of this study is to assess the current and future changes in the carbon pools of ecosystems in Jordan's under-predicted climate impacts. The impacts of the land and the vegetation in the whole regional ecosystem on the carbon balance were assessed in the atmosphere-soil system using remote sensing techniques and mathematical modeling of the global carbon cycles. The assessment of Jordan's vegetation covers of different biogeographical zones of the country was carried out using satellite imagery of 30 m spatial resolution, from which the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed. The results of modelling have shown several numbers of patterns taking place in the ecosystems under the influence of СО<sub>2</sub> emissions and other anthropogenic impacts. Combining the NDVI values with the Spatial Model of the Global Carbon Cycles in the Atmosphere - Plants – Soil System (APS) it was possible to assess the dependence of the humus and biomass of vegetation on the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. NDVI analysis in the period 2000–2018 has shown an increase in the value of the index. The simulation results of the carbon in both humus and biomass for the period 2000–2060 have shown an exponentially increasing trend, which implies that the carbon sequestration capacity is improving with time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing gas-quenching method for fabrication of perovskite-based photovoltaics

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100387

Afshin Hadipour

{"title":"Enhancing gas-quenching method for fabrication of perovskite-based photovoltaics","authors":"Afshin Hadipour","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of gas-quenched perovskite solar cells is analyzed and optimized by using different inert gases. The performance and the stability of the perovskite photovoltaic device are related to the perovskite crystallization properties, such as grain size and grain interspacing distance, as well as its impurity content and defect density. A suitable morphology of a solution-processed perovskite layer can be achieved by different routes. A promising, low cost, and large area compatible way of creating proper crystallization of the perovskite layer is gas quenching. Nitrogen gas is usually used for this purpose to flush the perovskite wet film during coating and control its nucleation stage. It is so far not clear in the literature if there is any relationship between the molecular weight of the quenching gas and the perovskite film morphology. We analyzed the crystallization properties, grain size, surface roughness, and defect density of the perovskite film and the related electrical performance and the stability of the solar cell devices, using nitrogen, helium, and argon as quenching gases. We found that the grain size of the perovskite layer can be tuned by using gases with different molecular weights. Perovskite layers quenched with helium and argon have bigger grain sizes and they are very stable under operational conditions compared to the less stable solar cell device processed by nitrogen gas with a smaller grain size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature variability and its governing mechanisms within the Jailolo Strait, Indonesia

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100384

Abdul Basit , Rahaden Bagas Hatmaja , Suliskania Nurfitri , Mochamad Furqon Azis Ismail , Asep Sandra Budiman , Bambang Setiadi , Erma Yulihastin , Widodo S. Pranowo , Mutiara Rachmat Putri , Kandaga Pujiana , Bernhard Mayer , Thomas Pohlmann

{"title":"Temperature variability and its governing mechanisms within the Jailolo Strait, Indonesia","authors":"Abdul Basit , Rahaden Bagas Hatmaja , Suliskania Nurfitri , Mochamad Furqon Azis Ismail , Asep Sandra Budiman , Bambang Setiadi , Erma Yulihastin , Widodo S. Pranowo , Mutiara Rachmat Putri , Kandaga Pujiana , Bernhard Mayer , Thomas Pohlmann","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term reanalysis data from the Bluelink ReANalysis 2020 (BRAN2020) are used to investigate temperature variability from 2010 to 2020 in the Jailolo Strait–Halmahera Sea, which is part of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) eastern route. The analysis shows that net surface heat flux (NSHF) mainly affects semiannual mixed layer temperature (MLT) variability. Vertical turbulent mixing cools the mixed layer from below, while the vertical and horizontal advection have less impact on the MLT heat budget. In the upper thermocline (40–100 m), two temperature minima occur: one in April due to outflow to the Pacific Ocean, and another in August due to uplifted water. Different cooling processes mark the dominant annual variation in the mid thermocline (100–150 m depth) and the lower thermocline (150–200 m). The cooling process is mainly associated with the transport from the Pacific Ocean into the Indonesian Seas (inflow) in the mid-thermocline, while it is generally related to the outflow transport in the lower thermocline. Interannual temperature variation is marked by the relatively colder (warmer) sea surface temperature and shallowing (deepening) thermocline during the El Niño (La Niña) period, which is associated with the upwelling (downwelling) Rossby wave propagation. It is also found that the colder (warmer) temperature in the upper 200 m during the El Niño (La Niña) period correlates with the weaker (stronger) inflow from the Pacific Ocean into the Indonesian Seas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization and assessment of the metabolites from the Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr. roots, using response surface methodology

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100383

Wissal El Yaagoubi , Smail Aazza , Meriem Soussi , Saadia Belmalha , Amal Alotaibi , Salah-Eddine Laasli , Rachid Lahlali , Lahsen El Ghadraoui

{"title":"Optimization and assessment of the metabolites from the Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr. roots, using response surface methodology","authors":"Wissal El Yaagoubi , Smail Aazza , Meriem Soussi , Saadia Belmalha , Amal Alotaibi , Salah-Eddine Laasli , Rachid Lahlali , Lahsen El Ghadraoui","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr.</em> is recognized for its health-promoting effects due to its rich bioactive compound content, particularly antioxidants. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from dried <em>C. telephiifolia</em> roots using various solvent combinations. A centroid simplex statistical approach was employed to evaluate the impact of different organic solvents—methanol, ethanol, and water—on extraction efficiency. The results indicated that a 50% methanol and 50% water binary combination yielded the highest total phenolic content, while an equal combination of methanol, ethanol, and water maximized total flavonoid content. Additionally, the hydromethanolic extract (50%, 50%) demonstrated the optimum antioxidant activity, with specific solvent mixtures enhancing DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP values. The optimized solvent proportions for total antioxidant capacity were 60.8% water, 30.3% ethanol, and 8.9% methanol. These findings suggest that the optimized extraction models are cost-effective and efficient, providing a valuable method for extracting high-quality phytocompounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100381

Taslima Begum , Mohd Hafiz Arzmi , Murni Nazira Sarian , Syed Adnan Ali Shah , Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi , ABM Helal Uddin , Alfi Khatib , Qamar Uddin Ahmed

{"title":"A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives","authors":"Taslima Begum , Mohd Hafiz Arzmi , Murni Nazira Sarian , Syed Adnan Ali Shah , Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi , ABM Helal Uddin , Alfi Khatib , Qamar Uddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mitragyna speciosa</em> (kratom) is a traditional medicinal plant of Southeast Asia, known for its pharmacologically active alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The chemistry, isolation, pharmacological properties, and toxicities of these two compounds have been studied by a wide range of scientific studies. However, thus far, there is no comprehensive review of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and their related compounds. Therefore, this review analyzed 150 papers from PubMed®, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to provide information on the chemistry, method of synthesis and extraction, biological effects, and toxicities of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Additionally, the existing research gaps were identified and recommendations for future research were provided. It was observed that most studies focused on <em>Mitragyna speciosa</em> leaves, with little to no research conducted on other parts of the plant, particularly the flowers. Furthermore, there is still a lack of less costly and time-consuming protocols to obtain the two major alkaloids from different parts of the plant. Finally, most studies have focused on these two alkaloids to explore their pharmacological effects, although some studies have shown that other alkaloids exhibit better pharmacological activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0