Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"An examination of air quality in Kuwait: Implications for environmental sustainability and public health","authors":"Naeimah Alkharafi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kuwait is one of five nations located in the Gulf region characterized by arid-desert climate—extreme hot temperature and dust storms. Frequent dust events elevate fine (PM_2.5) and coarse (PM₁₀) particulate matter levels, posing various health risks. Using longitudinal data from 2021 to 2024, this study identifies and quantifies the impact of dust storms, blowing dust, and dust haze on fine and coarse particulate matter levels. Data is analyzed through a pooled OLS two-way fixed effects model to control for unobserved heterogeneity from long-term and seasonal effects. Meteorological variables and air pollutants are incorporated to account for their impacts. Results indicate that dust storms, while rare, have the strongest impact on elevating fine and coarse particulate matter levels. The relative impacts of blowing dust and dust haze differ, with dust haze playing a larger role in PM_2.5 pollution and blowing dust contributing more to PM₁₀ levels. These findings have important policy implications for air policy management and public health, emphasizing the need for dust control measures, climate adaptation strategies, and improved air pollution monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with high PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ levels in Kuwait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on recent insights on cardiovascular diseases drug design using natural products and in silico studies","authors":"Sylvester Nnaemeka Ugariogu ,&nbsp;Naser F. Al-Tannak ,&nbsp;Samya Sh Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, are strongly associated with unhealthy eating habits. Compounds originating from plants, natural products, and balanced diets have been identified as potential remedies for CVDs. Natural products that improve cardiovascular health may include fruits, vegetables, spices, herbs, propolis, honey, and red wine. This review focused on articles published from 2015 onwards from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, highlighting key studies on natural products and <em>in silico</em> research for managing CVDs, including their biosynthesis, mode of action, and origins. Overall, this assessment indicated that <em>in silico</em> research and natural products have been useful in providing insightful cures for some CVDs, but they still have a lot of unrealized potential. Some of the target proteins and protein databank identification numbers that may be utilized in <em>in silico</em> research for cardiovascular disorders were displayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the antibacterial potentials and phytochemical properties of Tectona grandis leaf extracts on some bacterial isolates","authors":"Florence Tolulope Onifade,&nbsp;Ololade Omolara Bamigbade,&nbsp;Toyosi Teniola Sotala,&nbsp;Olufunke Anthonia Oluduro","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the crude extracts and partially purified fractions from <em>Tectona grandis</em> (teak) leaves on various clinical and environmental bacterial isolates, as well as to determine the plant's phytochemical components. The crude extract of <em>Tectona grandis</em> leaf powder (TgCE) was obtained by maceration in methanol, concentration, and then partitioning into n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and aqueous methanol fractions (in increasing order of polarity). The extract and fractions were assayed on the bacterial isolates under study together with standard antibiotics as reference. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method, and the rate of kill of the active n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was assessed on the Gram-positive and negative bacteria that were most susceptible to these fractions. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the crude methanol extract, and the toxicity assay was performed usingthe brine shrimp test. Results showed that TgCE maintained high activity at 35 mg/ml concentration (P &lt; 0.001), against most test bacteria that exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) greater than 0.2 and up to 0.75 when exposed to standard antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract ranged from 0.55 to 4.38 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range was 1.09 to 8.75 mg/ml. The most active fractions were the n-hexane and ethyl acetate, with MBC/MIC ratio ranges of 1.98 to 2.01 which is indicative of bactericidal activity, and also, the bacterial kill accumulated with increase in concentration of these fractions and time. Phytochemicals present in <em>T. grandis</em> include flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, sterols, saponins, phenols, and anthroquinones, and from the toxicity analysis, its LC50 (lethal concentration 50) was estimated at 71.02 mg/ml. In conclusion, the crude extract and fractions of <em>Tectona grandis</em> leaf possess potent antibacterial properties that can be explored as important resource for the synthesis of de novo antibiotics with future relevance in the therapeutic management of infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling off-stream reservoir using rainfall-runoff transformation and satellite rainfall data in Liliba and Manikin watersheds of Indonesia","authors":"Yulius Patrisius Kau Suni ,&nbsp;Joko Sujono ,&nbsp;Istiarto","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques have become a crucial aspect of human life, enabling the provision of water for household and agricultural needs. <em>Embung</em>, a popular RWH technique in Indonesia's semi-arid regions, has a limited capacity and poses a risk of sedimentation, rendering it unreliable for drought mitigation. An alternative is an off-stream reservoir. It has benefits, including possible placement in locations with less social problems. Reservoirs off-stream have less sedimentation. This study employed Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) for the period of 2014–2021 in rainfall-runoff simulations along with the Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) method of Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) to assess the reliability of off-stream reservoirs in conserving water in Liliba and Manikin watersheds, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. The statistical requirements for calibration and validation include the coefficient of determination (R² &gt; 0.40), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE &gt;0.40), root mean square error (RMSE)-standard deviation ratio of research data, or RSR (&lt;0.70), and percent bias (PBIAS &lt;30). During calibration, only the percent bias parameter was qualified as excellent (4.01 %), while the other statistical requirements were not met. However, in the validation process, all statistical requirements met satisfactory rating. The results demonstrate that rainfall-runoff simulation could be performed using the GSMaP data in conjunction with the SMA loss method; however, adjustments to HEC-HMS parameters are necessary based on analysis duration and local conditions. The study's modelling indicates that, for five months and three weeks during the dry season in the wet year (2021) and for four months and three weeks during the dry year (2016), water from the off-stream reservoir can supply 5063 residents' household needs in addition to 10 ha of horticultural cultivation. Therefore, the study recommends the utilization of GSMaP satellite data in the inflow simulation of off-stream reservoirs employing the SMA method, particularly in locations lacking adequate rainfall data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol effect of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil against Vicia faba damping-off caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Hossam S. El-Beltagi ,&nbsp;Ali Osman ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Sitohy ,&nbsp;Hayfa Habes Almutairi ,&nbsp;Eman Eldesouky ,&nbsp;Entsar Abbas ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail ,&nbsp;Hazem S. Elshafie ,&nbsp;Ippolito Camele","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> are destructive soil-borne pathogens worldwide, significantly impacting crop yields and quality. Synthetic fungicides are usually used for their control despite their adverse environmental and human health impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in discovering natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil (EO) as antifungal agents against <em>R. solani</em> and <em>F. solani</em>, correlated with diseases that cause root decay and wilt in <em>Vicia faba</em> L. An <em>in vitro</em> trial assessed the antifungal efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein singularly (at 10 and 25 μg/mL) compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP (at 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL) against <em>F. solani</em> and <em>R. solani</em> mycelium growth. Whereas, the <em>in vivo</em> trial evaluated the efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL, compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP at 50 μg/mL, in reducing pre- and post-emergence damping-off percentages. Sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and particle size distribution were carried out to characterize seed glycoprotein. SDS-PAGE of the glycoprotein indicated two bands corresponding to 35 and 29 KDa. An HPLC examination of the glycoprotein carbohydrate component identified glucose, mannose, and fructose. GC-MS analysis of the components of EO identified 28 majors’ substances. <em>R. solani</em> and <em>F. solani</em> mycelial proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by both EO and glycoprotein. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), used for investigating eventually morphological changes in tested fungi after treatment. In the <em>in vivo</em> test, it was seen that both EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL made the symptoms caused by the tested fungi a lot less severe compared to the control. The results showed that ginger glycoprotein and essential oil might be able to be used instead of synthetic fungicides to treat <em>V. faba</em> damping off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the green synthesis of nanoparticles for energy conversion and storage","authors":"Solomon Oluwaseun Akinnawo","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis is an important approach to circumvent environmental hazards and provide sustainable energy while achieving reduction in energy consumption and production cost. Green synthesized MnO₂ NPs, TiO₂ NPs, and CuO NPs-based electrodes have been known to exhibit high specific capacitance, ranging from 61 to 139 Fg^-1, 105 to 224 Fg^-1, and 176–328 F g⁻¹ for energy storage in supercapacitors. Moreover, a range from 275 to 699 mAh g⁻¹ discharge capacity has been reported using facile green synthesized Co₃V₂O₈ NPs as electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Hydrogen as a clean fuel has been notably generated with a high amount of evolution ranging from 268.9 to 310.7 μmolg⁻¹ via water splitting using green-synthesized Co₃O₄ NPs. Comparatively, biogenic Pt-based nanocomposite for fuel cells have been shown to generate higher current density (5.43 mA cm⁻²) than conventionally synthesized Pt nanocubes (0.9 mA cm⁻²) and Pt nanoflowers (2.8 mA cm⁻²). Future studies should focus on addressing challenges such as the high variability in morphological properties, low conversion rates, and poor yields commonly associated with green synthesized nanoparticles, as these factors significantly affect their energy conversion and storage applications. In comparison to previous studies, a deeper understanding of the efficiency of green synthesized nanoparticles in energy conversion and storage has been accentuated, aiming to contribute to solution for the ongoing global energy shortages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of coastal changes in Ashairej promontory: Unraveling anthropogenic influences in Kuwait bay","authors":"Adeeba Al-Hurban ,&nbsp;Heba Baron ,&nbsp;Casey D. Allen ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For almost 40 years, the Ashairej area in Kuwait Bay has been affected by anthropogenic alterations caused by releasing untreated sewage and industrial waste. Related contaminants have affected the Bay's Ocean currents, leading to unnatural sedimentation cycles that have changed the promontory's shape over time. Using both remote sensing and fieldwork, this paper showcases the development of a land-use map for the promontory using change-over-time. Specifically, land use and land cover changes are identified through: (i) outlining changes in Ashairej promontory from 1985 to 2023, (ii) evaluating bay currents' standard circulation patterns, and (iii) determining decay and sedimentation rates along the Ashairej coast. The overarching goal rests in laying the foundation for creating the first basic geographic information systems database for the Ashairej promontory, capable of analyzing temporal coastal anthropogeomorphological changes that can then potentially be generalized for, and extended to, Kuwait's other rapidly expanding coastal areas. The results can help guide officials in efforts to mitigate the study area's human encroachment and give specialists and decision-makers refined and easy-to-understand assessment techniques which can hopefully be applied to future protection efforts of Kuwait's fragile coastal/near-coastal ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing ethanol gas sensor with rGO layer addition on LaFeO3–Pd doped material using density functional theory","authors":"Ahmad Aminudin ,&nbsp;Rumaisya Az-zahra ,&nbsp;Selly Feranie ,&nbsp;Lilik Hasanah ,&nbsp;Siti Kudnie Sahari ,&nbsp;Endi Suhendi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LaFeO₃ is widely applied in ethanol gas sensors due to material composition and the stability of its sensing parameters. However, LaFeO₃ is still limited in gas sensing properties, necessitating doping to enhance the performance of gas sensors like palladium (Pd). In this study, the optimization of the ethanol gas sensor was explored by adding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to Pd–LaFeO₃, focusing on adsorption energy and band gap energy using density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBEsol) simulation method. The results show that Pd–LaFeO₃ adsorption energy of −2.01 eV, which increases to −2.29 eV with the addition of rGO, indicates stronger ethanol adsorption. The band gap of Pd–LaFeO₃ was 2.34 eV before exposure to ethanol gas and decreased to 2.06 eV upon exposure. After incorporating rGO, the band gap further narrowed, from 0.11 eV before exposure to 0.05 eV after exposure. The narrowing of the energy band potentially enhances the sensor's response. Those results indicate that adding rGO to Pd–LaFeO₃ shows promising potential for ethanol gas sensor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nutritional, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of the BF 1 herbal formulation via in vitro and ex vivo approaches","authors":"Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin ,&nbsp;Ruth Omokhafe Elagauma ,&nbsp;Ayobami Tosin Adegbenro ,&nbsp;Favour Inijesunimi Olagookun ,&nbsp;Sophie Adedamola Adeyeye ,&nbsp;Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo ,&nbsp;Oyindamola Esther Awosola ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Abigael Ogunlakin ,&nbsp;Blessing Obianuju Ezea ,&nbsp;Victoria Seseyon Paul-Adio ,&nbsp;Mubo Adeola Sonibare","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the dietary composition of the BF1 herbal formulation and its effect on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes linked with type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes) through <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> parameters. <em>In vitro</em> antioxidant parameters, such as 1,1-diphenylhydraxyl (DPPH), Fe²⁺ chelating abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP), hydroxyl (OH) scavenging, and nitric oxide (NO), as well as <em>ex vivo</em> parameters, such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and catalase, ENTPDase, and ATPase enzyme activities in iron-induced pancreatic injury were evaluated. The inhibitory assay for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was conducted and the results of these parameters revealed that the BF1 formulation could scavenge DPPH radicals compared to the control. At all concentrations, the BF1 formulation reduced ferric compounds, compared to the standard. The BF1 formulation chelated iron better at its lower concentration, similar to the control. Additionally, the BF1 formulation showcased a significant NO radical scavenging ability in comparison to the standard. The BF1 formulation reduced lipid peroxidation in the rat pancreas at a lower concentration than the control. Furthermore, the BF1 formulation demonstrated significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in comparison to the control (metformin). This suggests that BF1 formulation can be considered a potential antidiabetic treatment and can be used for supplement formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between composition and radiation shielding performance in neodymium-doped barium borate glasses","authors":"Albandari. W. Alrowaily ,&nbsp;Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ,&nbsp;M.I. Sayyed ,&nbsp;B. Albarzan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work focuses on evaluating four glasses' radiation shielding ability, with compositions of (18+2x)BaO–17PbO₂-(65-3x)B₂O₃-xNd₂O₃ (where x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%), using Phy-X at Eu-152 source-emitted energies. The glasses are designated as Ba18Nd0, Ba20Nd1, Ba22Nd2, and Ba24Nd3, each representing specific concentrations of components BaO and Nd₂O₃. Glass sample Ba18Nd0's gamma radiation transmission factor (TF) is studied at different thicknesses of 0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 cm, and the results show the TF to be close to zero at very low energy, thus indicating the lower energy photons to be almost completely absorbed by the glass sample. With a 0.25–1.25 cm glass thickness increase, the TF decreases, suggesting the glasses' improved radiation shielding ability. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) was determined and found to have a positive relation with the glasses' density. In terms of the sample with higher BaO and Nd₂O₃ content (i.e., Ba24Nd3), there is a higher mean free path than for the other prepared glasses. The glasses' half-value layer (HVL) at 0.122 MeV is 0.10 cm, while with increased energy the HVL decreases to 0.725–1.14 cm at 0.296 MeV and 1.18–1.08 cm at 0.411 MeV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}