Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Heat and mass transfer analysis of peristaltic flow of Reiner-Rivlin fluid in a flexible curved channel","authors":"S. Hina ,&nbsp;Z. Asghar ,&nbsp;W. Shatanawi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the peristaltic transport of a Reiner-Rivlin non-Newtonian fluid through a curved channel with compliant walls, incorporating heat and mass transfer effects. The main aim of the study is to provide the theoretical framework for applications with a peristaltic flow of complex fluid in different biological systems/biomedical equipment in a curved path. This theoretical framework is also applicable to the cardiovascular behavior and the designs of biomedical devices such as dialysis systems. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are formulated, and closed-form analytical solutions are obtained via a regular perturbation technique for small wavenumbers. Key findings reveal that curvature dramatically alters flow dynamics: velocity profiles transition from asymmetric (tilted toward the inner wall at low curvature) to symmetric (parabolic at high curvature), mimicking the geometric influence of blood vessels. The Reiner-Rivlin parameter approximately reduces 26 % of flow velocity compared to Newtonian fluids due to increased elastic solid-like behavior. As Reiner-Rivlin fluid has more shear thickening behavior, increasing the fluid parameter enhances the apparent viscosity, which leads to slower flow. The Soret effect drives concentration gradients approximately 38 %, with higher thermal diffusion promoting particle migration to cooler regions. Streamline patterns show that trapped bolus size diminishes with curvature, approaching straight-channel symmetry. These results provide critical insights into biological flows (e.g., gastrointestinal motility, vascular transport) and biomedical device design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid numbers with the view of multiplicative calculus","authors":"Umut Selvi,&nbsp;Derya Sağlam,&nbsp;Emel Karaca","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper defines a new number system called multiplicative hybrid numbers. A multiplicative hybrid number is one that satisfies the non-commutative multiplication criteria using any combination of multiplicative complex (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), multiplicative dual (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), and multiplicative hyperbolic (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) numbers. Introducing some algebraic properties, the geometry of multiplicative hybrid numbers is then investigated by examining the effects of an involution on multiplicative hybrid numbers. Additionally, the relationships between involutions and anti-involutions of multiplicative hybrid numbers are given in detail. Taking these properties into account, the geometric interpretation is illustrated by several significant figures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process optimization of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) extraction: Investigating solvent volume, power, and time effects on yield","authors":"Maya Sarah,&nbsp;Muhammad Alkausar,&nbsp;Siti Salamah,&nbsp;Seri Maulina,&nbsp;Isti Madinah","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Andaliman (<em>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</em> DC.) is an aromatic spice known for its bioactive compounds. This study optimized the extraction of Andaliman essential oil using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), an energy-efficient and eco-friendly method. Preliminary experiments varied solvent volume (300–500 mL), microwave power (180–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min) to determine effective operational ranges. Optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD), focusing on solvent volume (300–400 mL), microwave power (180–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min). The highest predicted yield (5.61 %) was obtained at 312.12 mL solvent, 420 W power, and 90 min, with strong model validity (R² = 96.82 %, lack-of-fit p = 0.43). Although antioxidant activity was not evaluated, several identified compounds are known to possess such properties. The optimized MAHD process demonstrates potential benefits such as reduced processing time and minimal solvent use, which may contribute to improved sustainability. However, further validation and scale-up studies are recommended to confirm its industrial feasibility and functional properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of the biochemical activities of leaves extracted from Senna italica against cancerous cell lines and gram-positive bacteria","authors":"Akram A. Alfuraydi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alhashimi ,&nbsp;Abdalrhaman M. Salih ,&nbsp;Salim Manoharadas ,&nbsp;Almohannad Baabbad ,&nbsp;Nawaf D. Almoutiri ,&nbsp;Ayman Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Senna italica</em> is an important herbal plant that is native to Saudi Arabia, and it is traditionally used to cure various diseases. This study was performed to analyze the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities and phytochemical compounds of different extracts of <em>S. italica</em>. The leaf extract was tested against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and methicillin-resistant <em>staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) via the broth dilution method. These extracts presented bactericidal activity, and the methanol extract significantly affected the growth of <em>B. subtilis</em> compared with the ethyl acetate extract (p &lt; 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 48 ± 3 μg/mL to 192 ± 2 μg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract had relatively high bactericidal activity toward <em>B. subtilis</em>, whereas the ethyl acetate extract had high bactericidal activity towards MRSA. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged between 64 ± 7.5 μg/mL and 256 ± 3 μg/mL. Compared to the methanol extract, the ethyl acetate extract presented the maximum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, and it was concentration dependent. The chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cell lines, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 292 μg/mL and 784 μg/mL, respectively. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) analysis was performed to detect chemical compounds. A total of 11 compounds were detected in the ethyl acetate extract, and 14 compounds were detected in the methanolic extract. <em>Senna italica</em> presents useful bioactive secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. The results of this study validate the traditional use of <em>S. italica</em> in folk medicine and underscore its potential for further exploration as a source of therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRAXNet: Credit Rating via Advanced XGBoost and Neural Networks","authors":"Muhammed Golec ,&nbsp;Maha AlabdulJalil","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most important criteria for evaluating corporate creditworthiness in the financial services sector is credit risk analysis. This paper presents a new two-stage model CRAXNet for corporate credit rating. CRAXNet combines the feature selection of XGBoost and the nonlinear pattern learning ability of Neural Networks (NN) to make high-accuracy credit score predictions. CRAXNet, unlike the studies in the literature, provides a unique architecture that provides the class probabilities generated by XGBoost as inputs for the classifier in the NN model. Thus, CRAXNet can successfully model relationships in complex financial data with linear and nonlinear patterns. Experimental results using two different public datasets confirm that CRAXNet outperforms five State of the Art (SOTA) baselines (KNN, FIKNN, AF, Doc2Vec, and CART) with up to 4.74% accuracy and 9.86% F1-Score performance improvement. The datasets and source code used in the paper are publicly available for future researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double diffusive convection in flow along heated and non-uniform cylinder with nonlinear kinematics","authors":"Nadeem Jan ,&nbsp;Dil Nawaz Khan Marwat ,&nbsp;Ali Althobaiti ,&nbsp;Ahmed shafee ,&nbsp;Asfandyar Khan ,&nbsp;Fazal Ghani","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates double diffusive convection in viscous fluid flow over a vertically aligned, heated, porous, and non-uniform cylinder exhibiting nonlinear stretching and shrinking. The field variables velocity, temperature, and concentration are modeled using nonlinear algebraic functions. By applying similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of four coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, solved using MATLAB’s bvp4c scheme. The results show that increasing the thermal and solutal Grashof numbers by a factor of 2 leads to an increase of approximately 58% in the axial velocity near the cylinder surface, enhancing assisting flow behavior. An increase in the nonlinear stretching parameter reduces the thermal boundary layer thickness by up to 35%, while the mass transfer rate increases by over 40% in highly porous conditions. Skin friction coefficients and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers display strong nonlinear sensitivity to surface roughness and porosity. Notably, overshoot in velocity profiles is observed under specific parameter conditions, whereas temperature and concentration profiles remain monotonic. This model generalizes previous studies by encompassing both uniform and non-uniform surface properties and provides a versatile tool for simulating practical heat and mass transfer processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomaly detection for live streaming graphs using copula based student-t process regression","authors":"Mir Salma Amin,&nbsp;Hare Krishna Maity","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a time dependent streaming graph, detecting unusual activities such as intrusions by unregistered users (anomalous nodes) or unauthorized high value transactions (anomalous edges) presents a significant challenge. To address this, a time-evolving Laplacian graph energy was introduced to help identify specific anomalous nodes and edges. The weights of the streaming nodes and edges are captured using student-t process regression over time, enabling prediction of the expected graph energy. Significant deviations in graph energy from expected values, based on new observations, indicate potential anomalies, allowing us to identify unusual nodes or edges precisely. The kernel function’s hyperparameters are tuned using a copula function over an observation window, allowing the model to integrate historical behavior with emerging patterns. To validate this approach, real-world data from the UCI messages, Bitcoin OTC, DARPA and DGraphFin datasets were used for evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary wave solutions and stability analysis of notable nonlinear evolution model via two analytical methods","authors":"Saima Arshed,&nbsp;Ghazala Akram,&nbsp;Maasoomah Sadaf,&nbsp;Minal Irshad","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary goal of this research is to find solitary wave solutions to the (3 + 1)-dimensional Sakovich equation. The modified F-expansion method and the Sardar sub-equation method are employed to construct solitary wave solutions. Through the applications of modified F-expansion method and Sardar sub-equation method, new and novel soliton-like solutions, trigonometric solutions, rational function solutions, and exponential function solutions have been successfully obtained. In order to visualize their physical behavior, some of these solutions are graphically shown using contour plots, 2D profiles, and 3D surfaces. In addition, the modulation instability of the equation is examined using the linear stability analysis, which offers important information on the stability properties of the obtained wave solutions. This work contributes to a deeper analytical understanding of the Sakovich equation by deriving and analyzing its solitary wave solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning model for predicting cyber-criminal characteristics","authors":"Hesham A. Almansouri,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Khajah,&nbsp;Nasser B. Alsnayen","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to predict investigation outcomes of individual cybercrime cases using the most relevant information provided by complainants. We curated a dataset on solved hacking cases from 2019 to 2022 from the cyber-crime combating department (3CD) in the State of Kuwait. Each case has a set of information provided by the complainants (input features), and a corresponding set of investigation results (outputs). For each output, several machine learning models, such as decision trees and feed-forward neural networks, were evaluated, via nested 5-fold cross-validation to measure how well they could predict the output, given the input features. Input feature sets were either selected from all possible input feature combinations (brute force) or from a limited set of officer-provided combinations (officer-guided). Finally, a post-hoc analysis of the results was performed to identify a single set of features that can be used to build reasonably predictive models for all collected outputs. Depending on the output, the brute force and officer-guided approaches have a median relative advantage of 92% and 53% over the baseline models and worst-officer score respectively. On almost all outputs, the brute-force approach is just as good, if not better, than the officer-guided approach. No relationship was observed between officer rank and the predictive power of the combination of features they selected. Different outputs require different sets of features, and there is a significant overlap between brute force and officer-guided features in five out of the 10 outputs. Most selected features have a reliable negative impact on prediction performance when perturbed, with some outputs relying on a few critical features and others on a spectrum of features. Finally, a single set of features can predict most outputs almost as well as output-specific features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exact and approximate solutions of the fractional dynamical system via transform techniques","authors":"Maalee Almheidat ,&nbsp;Azzh Saad Alshehry ,&nbsp;Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed ,&nbsp;Musaad S. Aldhabani ,&nbsp;Ahmad Shafee","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the Jaulent–Miodek system of partial differential equations (PDEs) using two powerful analytical techniques: the iteration transform method (ITM) and the residual power series transform method (RPSTM). These methods are employed to derive approximate and exact solutions for the system under the framework of the fractional Caputo operator. The fractional formulation provides a more generalized and flexible approach to modeling complex physical phenomena, particularly in nonlinear wave propagation and fluid dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated through numerical examples, where solutions are analyzed for different fractional orders. Comparative analysis highlights the accuracy and efficiency of ITM and RPSTM in handling fractional PDEs. The results confirm that these techniques offer a robust and reliable means for solving nonlinear fractional models, paving the way for further research into their applications in mathematical physics and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}