Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Revealing the environmental fate of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical effluent through UV/O3 degradation tracked by LC-MS/MS and assessed using a risk-based sustainability framework","authors":"Wahyu Zuli Pratiwi ,&nbsp;Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ,&nbsp;W. Widayat ,&nbsp;Azhar Darlan ,&nbsp;Yoyon Wahyono","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic contamination from pharmaceutical industrial effluent poses a growing environmental problem due to the persistence and ecotoxicity of these compounds. This study provides a detailed evaluation of ciprofloxacin, a frequently found antibiotic in Indonesian pharmaceutical effluent, by using a combined method that includes advanced testing techniques, treatment for breaking it down, life cycle analysis, and toxicity predictions about it. Ciprofloxacin was found and measured using a carefully tested liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method, which used a BEH C18 column and was improved with a water–acetonitrile mixture and 16 eV collision energy. The method exhibited excellent performance with linearity (R² &gt; 0.999), recovery (98–102 %), a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 mg/L, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.97 mg/L. UV/O₃ treatment achieved &gt;90 % ciprofloxacin removal in real pharmaceutical effluent. LCA results revealed a 58 % reduction in eutrophication potential and a 43 % decrease in aquatic toxicity burden, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as key impact drivers. Despite the treatment's efficiency, predictive modeling using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) indicated that ciprofloxacin remains mutagenic and developmentally toxic, with a low bioaccumulation factor (BCF = 10.95). This study demonstrates that UV/O₃ is a useful and eco-friendly method for cleaning effluent containing antibiotics, and it also provides a means to evaluate how new treatments impact the environment. Additionally, the findings highlight the necessity of combining advanced treatments with environmental impact assessments to inform safer waste management strategies in the pharmaceutical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface exploration for soil geotechnical properties: Implications for infrastructure design and construction in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Sunday Oladele ,&nbsp;Bamidele Ruth Faleye ,&nbsp;Joseph Oluwagbeja Simeon","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An exploration of subsurface soil properties has been conducted at a proposed construction site in the aquatic city of Lagos, Nigeria, through the integration of geotechnical and geophysical methods. The aim was to characterise the soil properties and assess their implications for the proposed multi-storey infrastructure. Standard Penetration Tests (6), Dutch Cone Penetrometer Tests (14), and dipole-dipole and pole-dipole electrical resistivity imaging were conducted at the site. The topsoil, consisting of sandy lateritic clay (10–5595 Ωm), extends from 0 to 4 m and grades into dense sand at other locations, reaching a depth of 5.50m. The topsoil exhibits high shear strength (≤150 kg/m²), an allowable bearing pressure of 54 kN/m² to 85 kN/m², and a safety factor of 2.5. A 3- to 6-m-thick layer of soft, amorphous clay/peaty clay (0–11 Ωm) lies beneath the topsoil. Grey, medium to very dense sand (0–2387 Ωm), containing infrequent gravel, is found beneath this layer down to 30 m depth. Within the peat/peaty clay, zones containing freshwater show high resistivity responses (83–2380 Ωm), whereas clayey sand with saline water exhibits lower resistivity (0–40 Ωm). The total ground-bearing pressure for the proposed structure is estimated at 225 kN/m². Precast piles reaching 18 m depth, with diameters and safe working loads of 600 mm/1140 kN, 800 mm/2010 kN, or 1000 mm/3150 kN, are recommended for the multi-storey development. This study is novel because it reduces the ambiguity and high cost typically associated with subsurface explorations that preclude the combination of geotechnical and geophysical methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic model of alcohol consumption: Stability and global dynamics","authors":"Sara Soulaimani ,&nbsp;Fathalla A. Rihan ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Kaddar","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a stochastic mathematical model to study the stability and global dynamics of alcohol consumption. The population is divided into four compartments, with transitions described by deterministic differential equations and extended with stochastic perturbations to capture random variability. Stability is analyzed using Lyapunov functions, while a global sensitivity analysis based on partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) identifies key parameters driving long-term outcomes. Numerical simulations validate the theory, showing how initiation, relapse, and cessation rates shape system resilience and the effectiveness of intervention strategies. The results reveal how stochastic effects and targeted interventions determine drinking behavior trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the proper enumeration of all finite length strings for source coding","authors":"Bella Bose ,&nbsp;Luca G. Tallini","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the proper enumeration of the binary words, the sequence is arranged as <span><span><span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>}</mo></mrow><mover><mrow><mo>=</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>def</mi></mrow></mover><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>00</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>01</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>11</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>010</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>}</mo></mrow><mo>.</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> Simple methods for finding the index of a given word in this proper enumeration are presented and analyzed. Additionally, methods for determining the corresponding word from a given index in this enumeration are described. These methods are extended to any radix-<span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span> word system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal flood frequency dynamics in Kaziranga National Park using multi-year Sentinel-1 SAR and vegetation indices","authors":"Prasad Balasaheb Wale ,&nbsp;Thota Sivasankar ,&nbsp;Ratna Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods along the Brahmaputra are frequent, devastating, and dynamic, bringing severe hydrologic, ecological, and geomorphological alterations in Kaziranga National Park (KNP), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This study presents a spatio-temporal Flood Frequency (FF) assessment and its ecological implications using multi-sensor satellite data. A total of 228 Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and 8 Sentinel-2 optical images (2015–2022) were analysed to derive annual FF maps, identify hotspot regions of major FF change, and quantify vegetation response using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Modified NDWI indices. Flood inundation maps were generated through SMILE random forest classification of pre and during-flood SAR composites in Google Earth Engine. Results show typically high FF along the Brahmaputra channel and permanent waterbodies and wetlands, whereas elevated southern highlands exhibited low FF. Extreme flood years (2017, 2020, 2022) recorded mean FF &gt;40%. FF trend analysis revealed 81.72% of KNP remained stable, 10.04% experienced increasing FF linked to erosion and channel encroachment, and 8.24% showed decreasing FF due to deposition. Flood ridges (70% FF) digitized between 2015 and 2022 indicated average channel migration of ∼157 m upstream and ∼311 m inward, with localized shifts exceeding ∼1 km. DBSCAN clustering of FF slopes delineated 68 clusters, comprising 43 hotspots and 25 cold spots, marking zones of hydro-geomorphic instability. Vegetation analysis revealed NDVI decline in hotspots due to inundation and erosion, while cold spots showed greening from sediment deposition and grassland regeneration. The integrated SAR–optical approach underscores dynamic floodplain alterations and ecological responses, providing vital inputs for monitoring riverine ecosystems and strengthening conservation strategies in KNP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable fabrication of starch/PVA/CuO electrospun nanoscaffolds from Turbinaria ornata (marine macroalgae) extract: Physicochemical characterization and antidiabetic evaluation","authors":"Martina Ainslay Paul Arul Raj ,&nbsp;Suresh Subramaniyam ,&nbsp;Sivaramakrishnan R ,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman ,&nbsp;Chella Perumal Palanisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using <em>Turbinaria ornata</em> marine algae extract and their incorporation into starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers for antidiabetic applications. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and DLS (dynamic light scattering), confirming their crystalline monoclinic structure (average size: 92.8 nm) and thermal stability. Electrospun starch/PVA/CuO nanoscaffolds exhibited uniform fiber morphology (150–300 nm diameter) with well-dispersed nanoparticles. <em>In vitro</em> antidiabetic assays revealed that the nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated superior α-amylase (81.52%) and α-glucosidase (81.52%) inhibition at 100 μg/mL, outperforming both algal extract and bare CuO NPs, suggesting enhanced enzyme inhibition. The green synthesis route, coupled with electrospinning, offers a sustainable strategy for developing nanomaterial-based therapeutics for diabetes management. These findings highlight the potential of marine algae-mediated CuO NPs and biodegradable nanofibers as a biocompatible platform for metabolic disorder interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in neutron imaging for non-destructive testing: Developing techniques, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Muhammad Zubair ,&nbsp;Yumna Adel","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neutron radiography is a non-destructive imaging tool that utilizes neutron beams for the investigation of the internal material structures. It offers a unique sensitivity for light elements such as lithium, boron, and most importantly hydrogen. Neutron radiography has evolved past its small accelerator experimental days of the early 1930s into highly advanced studies at large facilities such as research reactors and spallation sources. Neutron radiography facilities currently utilize scintillator-detectors, imaging plates, and high-resolution cameras, along with advanced image-processing techniques, in order to obtain higher spatial resolution and reduced noise. This imaging technique opens the doors for studies across a wide range of industries and applications, such as two-phase flow visualization, energy materials’ studies such as fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries, and analysis of objects of cultural heritage relevance. Modern-day neutron imaging suffers from limitations such as neutron source availability, safety and operational issues, elemental selectivity, and high computational demands for image reconstruction. Despite this, neutron radiography still remains a valuable complementary tool to conventional x-ray imaging, as it provides insights into structures and processes that are otherwise difficult to visualize. This review paper summarizes the evolution, advantages, and limitations of neutron radiography while also highlighting the many applications it has across multiple fields. It aims to consolidate recent advances while also providing a forward-looking perspective on the role of neutron imaging in the radiography field as well as a complementary imaging tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and larvicidal activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Thymus numidicus and Citrus limon peel essential oils on the pine processionary moth","authors":"Ibtissem Boudjahem ,&nbsp;Noureddine Soltani ,&nbsp;Fathi Berrabah ,&nbsp;Imededdine Kadi ,&nbsp;Mouslim Bara ,&nbsp;Seyf Eddine Merzoug ,&nbsp;Amel Aouati","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pine processionary moth (PPM) (<em>Thaumetopoea pityocampa</em>, Denis and Schiffer-Müller 1775, Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the most dangerous pests of pine and cedar in the Mediterranean forest area. During feeding on fresh needles, larvae participate in weakening trees ecological quality, making them more vulnerable to environmental stress. Large infestations can lead to significant defoliations, and even to the decline of the entire forest. In the present study, a variety of three essential oils (EOs) (<em>Artemisia herba-alba</em>, <em>Thymus numidicus</em>, and <em>Citrus limon</em>), belonging to diverse botanical families, have been evaluated on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th moth larval stages. The toxicological effect was estimated under controlled conditions at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Results showed that EOs yields ranged between 2.17 % for <em>T. numidicus</em>, 1.32 % for <em>A. herba-alba</em>, and 1.02 % for <em>C. limon</em>. The major chemical components identified using GC-MS protocol were thymol (27.68 %) and carvacrol (16.37 %) for <em>T. numidicus</em>, camphor (28.56 %) and β-thujone (20.60 %) for A. <em>herba-alba,</em> and limonene (51.28 %) and o-cymene (27.99 %) for <em>C. limon</em>. Mortality gradually increased with concentration and prolonged exposure duration. The highest mortality rates were observed in the 2nd and 3rd larval instars with <em>T. numidicus</em> (95 % and 62 %) and <em>A. herba-alba</em> (70 % and 72.5 %) EOs, compared to <em>C. limon</em> EO<em>,</em> which showed a moderate effect (50 % and 42.5 %) after 96 h at the highest concentration (1 %). This study pointed out that <em>T. numidicus</em> EO, rich in phenolic compounds (thymol and carvacrol), exhibited higher insecticidal potency against PPM larvae. Further exploration of its impact on PPM and other lepidopteran pests should include field trials and the development of suitable formulations that ensure stability and prolonged activity under natural conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced multimodal biometric authentication for IoT-enabled smart home security: Integrating deep learning-based face recognition with behavioral patterns","authors":"Khalid Alkanan,&nbsp;Yanru Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaonan Luo,&nbsp;Rongsheng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research proposed an advanced multimodal biometric authentication system for IoT-enabled smart home security. The security issues related to IoT-enabled smart home devices include, but are not limited to, unauthorized access, the risk of biometric spoofing, and reliability problems with single-modal authentication when illumination levels, user pose or position, or viewing conditions differ. The system integrates deep learning-based face recognition and gait analysis using the CASIA-B dataset. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is employed for face recognition, while a gait energy image (GEI) is utilized for gait analysis. A novel weighted multimodal fusion approach is developed to combine results from both modalities, balancing their inputs to enhance authentication accuracy. Experiments demonstrate robust performance across various viewing angles, achieving average accuracies of 88 % for face recognition and 89 % for gait analysis. The integrated model outperforms individual modalities, achieving an overall accuracy of 92 %, highlighting the potential of multimodal systems to improve biometric security in smart homes. The implications of this study are significant for the future of residential security systems. By demonstrating the effectiveness of combining multiple biometric modalities, this research paves the way for more secure and user-friendly smart home access control systems, potentially reducing unauthorized access attempts and enhancing overall home safety in the internet of things (IoT) era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the withdrawal of thin-film flow of a third-grade fluid under the influence of MHD using two homotopy based techniques","authors":"Azzh Saad Alshehry ,&nbsp;Musaad S. Aldhabani ,&nbsp;Alamgeer Khan ,&nbsp;Ahmed Shafee","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2026.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this work is to examine the thin film flow of a third grade fluid having appropriate boundary conditions using two homotopy based techniques, that is, the optimal homotopy asymptotic method with DJ polynomial (OHAM-DJ) and the asymptotic homotopy perturbation method (AHPM), where the belt is considered to be moving vertically. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative application of two perturbation methods to the same flow problem, which not only validates the results but also highlights the efficiency and accuracy of each technique. The governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The influences of important dimensionless parameters such as the magnetic parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mtext>,</mtext></mrow></math></span> the non-Newtonian parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span><strong>,</strong> and the Stokes number <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> on the velocity profile and flow behavior are carefully investigated. Solutions are given in the form of graphs and tables, illuminating a strong agreement between both methods. This work finds that increasing the magnetic parameter slows down the fluid motion because of Lorentz force, whereas higher non-Newtonian parameter and the Stokes number significantly alter the velocity. This dual-technique methodology ensures solution robustness and gives deeper understanding into the complex rheology of third-grade fluid flows in practical applications. The proposed methods are compared with the optimal auxiliary functions method (OAFM), and it is found that both these techniques yield better results than OAFM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}