Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Automated geospatial workflow for spatiotemporal assessment of urban expansion influence on deforestation in Northeast Florida","authors":"Md Zakaria Salim ,&nbsp;Md Hashibur Rahman ,&nbsp;Abdulla Al Kafy ,&nbsp;Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri ,&nbsp;Md Abdul Fattah ,&nbsp;Namit Choudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has transformed natural landscapes into impervious surfaces, causing widespread land use land cover (LULC) changes in the United States over recent centuries. This study explores the spatiotemporal changes in urban areas and vegetation coverage in the Northeast district of Florida. Vegetation was the most affected land cover class, declining from 51.39 % in 2000 to 45.82 % in 2022, representing a 5.57 % loss over 22 years. Conversely, urban areas increased by 12.14 %, from 9.90 % in 2000 to 22.04 % in 2022. The most significant land cover transition occurred within the vegetation class, with 10,839 km² remaining unchanged. However, 2479 km² of vegetation was converted to urban areas during the study period. At the county level, Duval County experienced the highest urban growth rate at 32.50 %, while Madison County had the highest deforestation rate at 24.74 %. Nassau County had the lowest urban growth and deforestation rates at −3.47 and −4.96, respectively. A moderate positive correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.30) was found between urban growth and deforestation rates, suggesting that other factors besides urban expansion contribute to vegetation loss. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to balance urban development with environmental conservation to mitigate the potential impacts of LULC, such as increased land surface temperature and droughts. The study provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of urbanization and deforestation in Northeast Florida, emphasizing the importance of sustainable land use planning and management strategies. The developed automated workflow using geospatial techniques in this study demonstrates the potential for efficient monitoring and assessment of LULC patterns, thereby informing decisions for sustainable urban ecosystems</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in rainfall and meteorological drought over the Banas River Basin under climate change scenarios","authors":"Divya Saini,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;Omvir Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the historical and future variability in rainfall and meteorological drought over the semi-arid Banas River Basin in Rajasthan, India. For this, both historical (1981–2020) and projected (2021–2100) gridded rainfall data have been collected from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune, and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. The collected data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, minimum, maximum, skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variability, and standard deviation) and trend tests (Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope). The severity of drought has been evaluated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at multiple time spans (1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month). The findings reveal a reduction in the quantity of annual rainfall in the near (2021–2060) and far (2061–2100) future as compared to the historical time period, particularly under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. In the future, the duration, severity, intensity, and frequency of drought will intensify despite the increasing (non-significant) trends in annual rainfall. The maximum frequency has been estimated for mild droughts, followed by moderate and severe droughts. The longest duration of drought (12 years) will occur at the SPI 9- and 12-month scale in the near future (RCP8.5). These findings will be valuable for researchers, water resource managers, agricultural stakeholders, and policymakers in developing effective strategies related to systematic management of water resources and drought over the Banas River Basin, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of substrate, urea supplementation, and liming on the yield and antioxidant activities of Pleurotus sajor-caju M2345 and Pleurotus ostreatus M2191","authors":"Tirngo Begashaw ,&nbsp;Asmamaw Tesfaw","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus</em> species are grown because of their high yield potential, high nutritional and therapeutic value, and ease of growth. This research aimed to evaluate the yield and antioxidant activities of <em>Pleurotus sajor-caju</em> M2345 and <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> M2191 grown on different lignocellulosic substrates, including crop weeds, hairy willow herbs, cottonseeds, and water hyacinth. The growing media were made from 90 % substrates, 8 % wheat bran, and 2 % gypsum. The effects of supplementation with urea and calcium carbonate on the yield and antioxidant activities of oyster mushrooms were also investigated. The highest total yield and biological efficiency for <em>P. sajor-caju</em> M2345 and <em>P. ostreatus</em> M2191 were 870.31 g, 145.1 %, and 641.87 g, 107 %, respectively, on 25 % hairy willow herb waste and 75 % cottonseed waste during the dry season. The lowest total yield and biological efficiency of <em>P. ostreatus</em> M2191 and <em>P. sajor-caju</em> M2345 were obtained from T5 (75 % weed+25 % cottonseed). The best lime and urea concentrations for improving the yield of the <em>Pleurotus</em> species were 4 % and 1 %, respectively. The <em>Pleurotus</em> species grown with 100 % cottonseed waste (T1) and an equal ratio of hairy willow herb to cotton seed presented the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity. This study provides novel insights into the synergistic effects of liming, urea addition, and agricultural residues as substrates for sustainable <em>Pleurotus</em> production and highlights the combined role of substrate composition and supplementation in enhancing the yield and antioxidant activities of oyster mushrooms. The findings contribute to the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies for mushroom cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning waste into value: Banana peel biochar particle electrode boost methyl violet 2B dye removal in 3D-electrochemical system","authors":"Syed Madhi Haider Kazmi ,&nbsp;Jiangkun Du ,&nbsp;Atya Hassan ,&nbsp;Zhao Xu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faheem ,&nbsp;Owais Ahmed Waseem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yousuf","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-soluble cationic dyes pose significant risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, conventional adsorbents and removal techniques are ineffective in eliminating them from wastewater. To address this challenging issue, we synthesized banana peel biochar (BPB) and unveiled its role as a particle electrode for the removal of carcinogenic methyl violet 2B dye (MV 2B) in a cutting-edge three-dimensional electrochemical system with the use of titanium (Ti) anode and graphite (GP) cathode (BPB–Ti/GP). Catalytic features of the BPB were explored and its electrochemical characteristics were studied through linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry revealed a high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) of 1.86 V. High OEP of BPB particle electrode induced the MV 2B dye oxidation by reducing the oxygen evolution side reaction (OER) of the electrochemical system. At optimum operating conditions of the current density (<em>j</em>) of 5.2 mA/cm², pH 9.0, and Na₂SO₄ dose of 0.2 M, nearly 99.50 % of 10 mg/L MV 2B dye removal was attained in 40 min of electrolysis time. Compared to the BPB-Ti/GP system, the system with commercial particle electrodes (GAC, MnO₂, and Fe₃O₄) showed no significant performance. Energy consumption and electrical energy per order of BPB-Ti/GP system was also calculated. Furthermore, hydroxyl radical (^•OH) was identified as the dominant reactive oxygen species. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed that MV 2B underwent degradation through N-demethylation. This unique approach does not only reduce agricultural waste but also induce the sustainability of wastewater treatment processes, paving the way for greener environmental solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karst rocky desertification delineation and estimation of potential soil loss in tropical karst cockpits","authors":"Rakhmat Dwi Putra ,&nbsp;Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ,&nbsp;Eko Haryono","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cockpit karst, characterized by hilly topography, steep slopes, and thin soil layers, is highly susceptible to land degradation in the form of karst rocky desertification (KRD). KRD occurs due to acute soil erosion in karst environments, leading to the exposure of bedrock. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of KRD, accurately assess soil erosion rates in cockpit karst landscapes, and identify the contributing factors. The research was conducted within the Seropan underground river catchment area in the Gunungsewu Karst region. KRD was identified using an image transformation approach employing the Karst Rocky Desertification Index (KRDI). Soil loss estimation was performed using the updated Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, incorporating the KRD factor to enhance its applicability in karst environments. The results demonstrate that KRDI is highly effective in identifying KRD. Approximately 40 % of the study area exhibits moderate to severe KRD levels, predominantly found on the slopes of conical hills, where the primary driving factors are deforestation, land clearing for dryland agriculture, and abandonment of agricultural land. The estimated total soil loss in the study area is 4975.01 tons per year, with the highest contribution occurring at the intense soil loss level. The intense to extremely intense-severe soil loss levels are correlated with the steep slopes of conical hills, highlighting the significant role of topography in soil degradation within tropical karst environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new statistical model for advanced modeling of cancer disease data","authors":"Ahmad Abubakar Suleiman ,&nbsp;Hanita Daud ,&nbsp;Aliyu Ismail Ishaq ,&nbsp;Abbas Umar Farouk ,&nbsp;Aminu Suleiman Mohammed ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kayid ,&nbsp;Vasili B.V. Nagarjuna ,&nbsp;Shahid Mohammad ,&nbsp;Mohammed Elgarhy","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical probability models often struggle to capture the variability and complex patterns inherent in biomedical data, particularly lifetime data. To address these limitations, the generalized odd beta prime Generalized (GOBP-G) class of distributions is introduced, along with an extension called the generalized odd beta prime-Weibull (GOBPW) distribution. This new model offers enhanced flexibility and can represent a variety of data characteristics, from symmetric to skewed distributions, as well as diverse hazard rate patterns, such as increasing, bathtub, and decreasing trends. These features make the GOBPW model suitable for statistical analysis in biomedical and engineering applications. This study derives key properties of the GOBPW distribution, including its moments, moment-generating function, entropy measures, stress-strength function, quantile function, and order statistics. The cumulative and probability density functions are also developed, providing a foundational structure for the model. Multiple estimation methods are employed to assess the accuracy and reliability of parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulations further validate the model's robustness across various conditions. The practical utility of the GOBPW model is demonstrated through applications to three datasets: remission times of 132 bladder cancer patients (CD1), survival times of 73 acute bone cancer patients (CD2), and blood cancer data (CD3). Various evaluation metrics, including Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQIC), and consistent Akaike's information criterion (CAIC) were used to assess the performance of the competing models. For CD1, the GOBPW model achieves the lowest AIC (381.0622) and BIC (772.1244) among competing models. For CD2, GOBPW again demonstrates superior performance with the lowest AIC (140.2969) and BIC (290.5938), by capturing the extreme value behavior of acute bone cancer survival times more effectively. For CD3, the GOBPW model provides the best fit with an AIC of 65.7700 and BIC of 141.5400, outperforming all other competing models. This research offers a valuable tool for enhanced decision-making in medical data analysis, positioning the GOBPW distribution as a powerful alternative to traditional statistical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling off-stream reservoir using rainfall-runoff transformation and satellite rainfall data in Liliba and Manikin watersheds of Indonesia","authors":"Yulius Patrisius Kau Suni ,&nbsp;Joko Sujono ,&nbsp;Istiarto","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques have become a crucial aspect of human life, enabling the provision of water for household and agricultural needs. <em>Embung</em>, a popular RWH technique in Indonesia's semi-arid regions, has a limited capacity and poses a risk of sedimentation, rendering it unreliable for drought mitigation. An alternative is an off-stream reservoir. It has benefits, including possible placement in locations with less social problems. Reservoirs off-stream have less sedimentation. This study employed Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) for the period of 2014–2021 in rainfall-runoff simulations along with the Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) method of Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) to assess the reliability of off-stream reservoirs in conserving water in Liliba and Manikin watersheds, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. The statistical requirements for calibration and validation include the coefficient of determination (R² &gt; 0.40), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE &gt;0.40), root mean square error (RMSE)-standard deviation ratio of research data, or RSR (&lt;0.70), and percent bias (PBIAS &lt;30). During calibration, only the percent bias parameter was qualified as excellent (4.01 %), while the other statistical requirements were not met. However, in the validation process, all statistical requirements met satisfactory rating. The results demonstrate that rainfall-runoff simulation could be performed using the GSMaP data in conjunction with the SMA loss method; however, adjustments to HEC-HMS parameters are necessary based on analysis duration and local conditions. The study's modelling indicates that, for five months and three weeks during the dry season in the wet year (2021) and for four months and three weeks during the dry year (2016), water from the off-stream reservoir can supply 5063 residents' household needs in addition to 10 ha of horticultural cultivation. Therefore, the study recommends the utilization of GSMaP satellite data in the inflow simulation of off-stream reservoirs employing the SMA method, particularly in locations lacking adequate rainfall data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bagging-based heteroscedasticity-adjusted ridge estimators in the linear regression model","authors":"Maha Shabbir ,&nbsp;Sohail Chand ,&nbsp;Irum Sajjad Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of multicollinearity between independent variables and heteroscedastic error has a colossal impact on the performance of the ordinary least square (OLS) estimator and its covariance matrix. In this study, new bootstrap aggregation (i.e. bagging) based ridge estimators are introduced to circumvent multicollinearity by controlling the influence of heteroscedastic error terms. These estimators are a novel combination of bagging and heteroscedastic-adjusted ridge (HAR) estimators. The performance of bagging-based HAR estimators is evaluated using intensive Monte Carlo simulations by considering multicollinearity with low, high, and severe degrees of heteroscedasticity. The findings reveal that at severe heteroscedasticity, the performance of the proposed HAR-HK∗, HAR-LW∗, HAR-HSL∗, and HAR-KMS∗ estimators is 26.3 %, 81.5 %, 90.1 %, and 30.5 % better than their HAR-HK, HAR-LW, HAR-HSL, and HAR-KMS counterparts when the collinearity level is 0.80, sample size is 25, and the number of independent variables is 5. Similar improvements are observed when heteroscedasticity levels are low and moderate, with different specifications for sample size, collinearity level, and number of independent variables. Overall, the bagging-based HAR estimators are efficient and perform better than the baseline HAR estimators. The real-life applications are illustrated using livestock and passenger car mileage data. The outcomes show that the suggested HAR-LW∗ (PRESS = 10.5028) and HAR-KMS∗(PRESS = 0.0497) perform best on the passenger car and livestock data respectively. The improvements will be helpful in efficiently handling the estimation problem when the two challenging issues are present in the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the relationship between topological characteristics of vegetation ecospatial network and sand fixation function in the Mongolian Plateau","authors":"Jie Zang ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Yu ,&nbsp;Avirmed Buyanbaatar ,&nbsp;Qibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yueyue Wang ,&nbsp;Hongli Song","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial structure of vegetation plays a pivotal role in determining the sand fixation function of ecosystems. However, the interaction between vegetation spatial structure at the regional scale and its sand fixation function remains insufficiently understood. Addressing this gap is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate soil erosion, combat desertification, and enhance ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigates the Mongolian Plateau, a region highly vulnerable to wind erosion. Using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and complex network theory, the regional-scale vegetation structure was abstracted into a vegetation ecospatial network (VEN), and its topological characteristics were analyzed. The revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) was then applied to estimate soil wind erosion and evaluate vegetation's sand fixation function for 2020. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between VEN topological indicators, vegetation-driven sand fixation, and regional wind erosion. The results revealed the 2020 Mongolian Plateau VEN as a scale-free small-world network with strong heterogeneity. Wind erosion modulus of the Mongolian Plateau in 2020 amounted to 33.79 t hm⁻², while vegetation sand fixation amount reached 48.68 t hm⁻². Most VEN nodes exhibited high sand fixation function. Node sand fixation function exhibited a strong positive correlation with PageRank and a substantial positive correlation with degree and betweenness centrality. These findings can provide insights into optimizing vegetation patterns and enhancing sand fixation function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable domain wall pinning behavior by notch geometry in CoFeB nanostrip under nano-pulse current injection","authors":"Candra Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Raditya Nugraha ,&nbsp;Dong-Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Dede Djuhana","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To optimally control the domain wall (DW) pinning behavior in the ferromagnetic nanostrip, some focus is on utilizing a geometrical notch as an artificial pinning potential. Most of the studies were intended to explain the dynamics of DW structure when it passes or moves out from the notch. However, there is still a lack of discussion about the effect of the geometrical structure of notches in the nanostrips. This work investigated the effect of notch geometry on the domain wall tunability pinning behavior under nanosecond pulse current injection using micromagnetic simulation from its initial ground-state condition. The micromagnetic model of the material mimicked the perpendicular magnetization of the CoFeB stripe-shaped nanowire with a perfect single crystalline structure. The DW depinning condition determined by the edge of DW leaves out the notch area, which was related to the minimum energy needed to surpass the artificial pinning potential in the nanostrip made by the notch. The micromagnetic results showed that the notch depth variation linearly increased the depinning current density value. Moreover, the depinning current value was significantly increasing on the smaller nanostrip slit analog to the larger notch depth above 20 nm. In this case, the medium size of nanostrip geometries and notch sizes are considerable for the effective DW pinning and control in the CoFeB nanostrip.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}