Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"An investigation on the relationship between the number of Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) and environmental parameters in Jelebu, Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Syazana M. Fazi ,&nbsp;Ravinder Kaur ,&nbsp;Noorul Ezyan N. Hashim ,&nbsp;Rosli Ramli","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Swallows (<em>Hirundo</em> spp.) inhabit a variety of habitats in both tropical and temperate zones. Barn Swallows (<em>Hirundo rustica</em>), in particular, frequently roost in large numbers and construct mud nests on buildings, causing nuisance to humans. At the Glami Lemi Biotechnology Research Centre (GLBRC), which is located in Peninsular Malaysia, there are certain structures that are frequently utilised by a large number of swallows for perching and resting. This results in the defacement of the exterior walls caused by their droppings. Hence, the analysis presented in this paper delves into the factors influencing their presence and numbers. The objective of this study was to examine the fluctuations in the number of perched Barn Swallows and their relationship with three environmental parameters: temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. Three hours of observation were conducted in two different sessions (i.e., morning and afternoon) three times per week for one year. The results showed that the number of Barn Swallows perched appeared to be stable throughout the year, except for November and December, when it increased tremendously and reached its peak. A Spearman rank analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between the number of swallows perched and the environmental parameters. The analysis was restricted to only periods when the birds were present. A significant effect of relative humidity and temperature was observed for the morning session, promoting the relationship between the environmental parameters and the perching/resting behaviour of this species. This situation is parallel with the afternoon session, where all three environmental parameters showed a significant effect on swallows' numbers. This study not only provides valuable information to the GLBRC's management to effectively anticipate appropriate steps to mitigate the influx of Barn Swallows but also enhances our knowledge of the perching/resting behaviour of this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000609/pdfft?md5=2d2314bc4c2ede2670860edb68af6025&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural integrity and hybrid ANFIS-PSO modeling of the corrosion rate of ductile irons in different environments","authors":"Kingsley Ukoba ,&nbsp;Ojo J. Akinribide ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Adeleke ,&nbsp;Samuel O. Akinwamide ,&nbsp;Tien-Chien Jen ,&nbsp;Peter A. Olubambi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ductile iron (DI) samples were immersed in near-neutral, alkaline sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium chloride (NaCl) environments for 180 days. The influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of three DI specimens was investigated. Microstructures, electrochemical measurements, and the characterization of the corroded surfaces were analyzed. The experimental results from this study were used to validate a model generated from hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferences system-particle swarm optimization (ANFIS-PSO) algorithms. The hybrid ANFIS-PSO modelling technique was improvised for a detailed evaluation of corrosion rate of ductile cast iron materials in different environments. The integrated hybrid ANFIS-PSO model revealed a sharp rise in localized corrosion caused by chloride-induced structural deterioration at the nanoscale for some of the grains. The performance results revealed that the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering outperformed other clustering approach in the neuro-fuzzy model. Accuracy values of 92.9% and 93.7% were recorded for the training phase of ANFIS-FCM and ANFIS-PSO-FCM respectively for corrosion rates. The percentage error of the ANFIS-PSO predictions is significantly lower than the ANFIS-standalone prediction. This shows that the ANFIS-PSO with FCM approach is a better model for predicting corrosion rates. This will contribute to the body of knowledge for ductile iron, corrosion, and corrosion modelling using machine learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000592/pdfft?md5=1c55c82b28d0e970c49965d7584e06f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological evaluation, antibiogram, and phenotypic detection of MBL-producing gram-negative bacteria isolated from outdoor patients with otorrhea attending Ayub medical Complex","authors":"Bushra Najeeb ,&nbsp;Qismat Shakeela ,&nbsp;Sadaf Anwar Qureshi ,&nbsp;Shehzad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Bibi Uzma ,&nbsp;Aamir Nazir ,&nbsp;Farooq Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Otitis media is frequently prevalent in developing countries and is primarily caused by bacteria. The current study aimed to study the patients to assess the occurrence rate, susceptibility pattern, and prevalence rate of metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) producing gram-negative bacteria to prevent the prevalent strains and direct the physicians to appropriate antibiotic therapy. The research study was conducted over nine-months, from November 2020 to July 2021, in which a total of 110 samples were collected from the outdoor-patients’ ear, nose, and throat (ENT) wards using sterile swabs and inoculated immediately on suitable culture media. The isolates were identified via conventional biochemical tests, and the susceptibility pattern of each isolate was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 110 total samples, merely 88.18% (97/110) ear samples were detected positive for the various strains of bacteria both in male and female patients with a mean age of 18.21 ± 15.86, contributing 54.64% and 45.36%, respectively. The most prevalent bacterial strain was <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (49.48%), followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (16.50%), <em>Proteus</em> spp. (13.40%), <em>S. epidermidis</em> (7.22%), <em>E. coli</em> (6.19%), <em>S. saprophyticus</em> (4.12%), and <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. (3.09%). Of the gram-negative isolated strains, only 18.75% (3/16) of the <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains exhibited MBL production. A high prevalence rate was observed in the age-group 0–4 years (19.58%), followed by the age-groups, 5–9 and 15–19 (16.49% each), and the age-group &gt;39 (10.31%). Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and fusidic acid were highly effective against the gram-positive, whereas ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and levofloxacin were potent against the gram-negative (except <em>P. aeruginosa</em>), while carbenicillin, meropenem and imipenem against the <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. The MBL-producers were highly (100%) resistant to IMP and MEM while highly (100%) sensitive to CAZ. In conclusion, the current study showed a high prevalence of <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa,</em> and MBL-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (18.75%). Nevertheless, a high degree of resistance to antibiotics was noted, which could not be ignored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000580/pdfft?md5=117e530c7341ac2877bbc8253170c2a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the phytochemical profiles, selective bioactivity potential, and molecular docking study of bioactive compounds with target proteins using optimized bark extracts of Grewia asiatica L.","authors":"Syeda Nurunnesa Begum ,&nbsp;Anindya Sundar Ray ,&nbsp;Samik Hazra ,&nbsp;Samhita De ,&nbsp;Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study aimed to explore the phytochemicals, estimate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potentials of polyphenol enriched methanolic bark extract of <em>Grewia asiatica</em> (PEMGa), and perform molecular docking studies with identified phytocompounds. Here, we utilized response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box Behnken design (BBD) to enhance the phenolic content of the methanolic extract from <em>G. asiatica</em> bark by optimizing three crucial parameters like extraction time (h), temperature of extraction (°C), and solvent ratio (% v/v of methanol: water). Phytochemical quantification of PEMGa illustrated that the bark part contains a good amount of therapeutically potent phytochemical groups like phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Additionally, through HPLC analysis, eight compounds belonging to the phenolic and flavonoid groups have been quantified from PEMGa. By GC-MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis of PEMGa, eleven phytochemicals were identified. Moreover, employing <em>in-vitro</em> bioactivity studies, PEMGa has unveiled its remarkable potential as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. During the <em>in-silico</em> molecular docking study, out of eleven phytocompounds identified by the GC-MS study, three compounds, namely, γ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, formed the most stable docked complex with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant target proteins. The present study provides justification for the bark part of <em>G. asiatica</em> as a rich source of potent phytochemicals, and its potential against oxidative stresses, inflammations, cancer, and microbial infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000555/pdfft?md5=1e2ffd051817fcc3c1d5fd3d28bb4ff9&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000555-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of the conformational preference and spectroscopic analysis of cinnamoyl chloride and cinnamide","authors":"Fatima Fadl ,&nbsp;Sahar Abdalla ,&nbsp;Yunusa Umar ,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Ishaq","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rotational isomers of cinnamoyl chloride and cinnamide have been computed using the B3LYP method and the 6-311++G (d, p) basis set to calculate their molecular structure, conformational stability, and spectroscopic properties. Computations revealed that the <em>s-cis</em> rotamers of both compounds are the most stable rotamers in both the gas phase and in the solution. The <em>s-trans</em> rotational barrier is 8.76 kcal/mol and 5.63 kcal/mol for cinnamoyl chloride and cinnamide, respectively. Replacing the Cl group of the cinnamoyl chloride with the NH₂ group in the cinnamide has reduced the highest occupied molecular orbital – lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap. The solvation effects on the conformational stability of rotamers have been studied in nine solvents (heptane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water) using the integral equation formalism of the polarizable continuum model. The chemical shifts of ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectra have been simulated in the gas phase, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and chloroform using the gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The UV absorption spectral analysis has been computed in different solvents (chloroform, methanol, and water), and atomic charges calculated. The examination of vibrational wave numbers and their corresponding assignments revealed excellent agreement between simulated and experimental infrared spectra for the studied molecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000579/pdfft?md5=e1cc6a6645b31308e24c7bdc3b6600bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000579-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granular computing in zero-divisor graphs of Zn","authors":"Hibba Arshad ,&nbsp;Imran Javaid ,&nbsp;Asfand Fahad","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this article, we study the zero-divisor graphs &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of rings of integers modulo &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; as information systems &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; using equivalence classes and rough sets. Equivalence classes are referred as granules and partitions are referred as indiscernible partitions. We define an indiscernibility relation on the vertex set and identify different sets of attributes that induce the same indiscernibility partition. A reduct is a minimal subset of attributes which yields the same partition as the original attribute set. We compute all reducts of the defined information system and classify them in to two types including: (i) the set &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of all prime divisors of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and (ii) the set consisting of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∖&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, prime powers of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in the prime factorization of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and the elements of the form &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∖&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Moreover, we give the structures and the cardinalities of the attribute subsets whose removal yields a different indiscernibility partition than that of the set of all attributes, referred as essential sets. We prove that the essential sets of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; either consist of two prime divisors of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; or one prime divisor &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; combined with prime powers of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Further, we determine the lower and upper approximations of various vertex subsets to study the properties of the zero-divisor graphs. We also study properties of the rough membership function for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Furthermore, we introduce the class-based discernibility matrix induced by indiscernibility classes of zero divisors and determine general form","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000567/pdfft?md5=48f0acc4d0b15064b369a7b947404ec3&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity assay, and evaluation of bioactive compounds using GC-MS and HPTLC-based bioassay in the extracts of Osbeckia stellata var. crinita (Benth. ex Naudin) grown in Manipur, India","authors":"Tania Baishya ,&nbsp;Priya Das ,&nbsp;Gouhar Jahan Ashraf ,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Dua ,&nbsp;Paramita Paul ,&nbsp;Gouranga Nandi ,&nbsp;Honey Jajo ,&nbsp;Ankita Dutta ,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar ,&nbsp;Malay Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Ranabir Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxicity activities, and phytochemical profiling of <em>O. stellata</em> extracts. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed the presence of different groups of phytochemicals, mainly in polar solvents. Methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts showed high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating, and reducing power assay where methanolic (IC₅₀: 24.76 ± 2.78 μg/mL), hydroalcoholic (IC₅₀: 29.59 ± 3.44 μg/mL), and aqueous (IC₅₀: 33.72 ± 1.97 μg/mL) extracts showed significantly antioxidant potential. Significant cytotoxicity activity was observed in the methanolic extract. As methanolic extract showed better activities, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extract identified 41 bioactive compounds, where 17 major compounds had medicinal value. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) bioassay-guided assay combined with Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy characterized gallic and caffeic acid as free radical scavengers. This study evidences that the methanolic extract of <em>O. stellata</em> has potent antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, which may render oxidative stress-related disease and may be used for drug development for human health benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000543/pdfft?md5=f676b0ad453285f62bde61f642f55014&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a hybrid feature selection method to detect botnet attacks in IoT devices","authors":"Hyder Yahya Alshaeaa ,&nbsp;Zainab Mohammed Ghadhban","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Internet of Things, or IoT, is an important technology applied in various applications such as smart homes and innovative healthcare. Due to its architecture, IoT-based devices suffer from various security challenges, most commonly, botnet attacks. This article aims to develop a hybrid feature selection method to find the most influential features based on three feature selection methods, correlation, generalized normal distribution optimization, and lasso, to detect botnet attacks in IoT devices. The UNSW-NB15 dataset is used to assess the proposed system. Several classification models including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and bagging are utilized for the classification purpose. The proposed system was evaluated using several performance metrics. The results showed the correlation feature selection method had the most accurate botnet attack detection rate. RF also outperformed other models with a 95.11% detection rate in binary classification and 83.96% in multi-classification. On the other hand, results showed that the proposed hybrid method outperformed the feature selection methods with an increase of about 3% in both classifications. The AdaBoost model achieved an accuracy of 99.28% with binary classification by using 18 features, and the RF model achieved an accuracy of 86.62% with multi-classification by using 22 features. The robustness and efficacy of the proposed approach were demonstrated by comparing the study's results with several other studies that have used the same dataset. The results of the study can be implemented in real applications to detect network interference of a dynamic nature in real-time and assist intrusion detection systems (IDS) in addressing these attacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000476/pdfft?md5=ce90eb711b9d3aebb22f9f7d68cbdffc&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of river water quality using multivariate statistics and water quality indices: A case of Göynük canyon (Turkey)","authors":"Junaid Kareem ,&nbsp;Yasemin Leventeli","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural and anthropogenic water pollution caused by heavy metals has become a major problem worldwide. As a result of these processes, many harmful heavy metals are mixed into the water and endanger the environment and human health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the hydrogeochemical properties of the stream waters of Göynük Canyon (Göynük Stream), which is located in southern Turkey, an important touristic region of Antalya. A total of 44 water samples were retained to evaluate the geochemical type, heavy metal contamination level, and suitability for drinking and irrigation of Göynük Canyon Stream waters. All samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and multi-parameter portable water quality assessment.</p><p>Analysed water samples were found to be of classes II and III in terms of overall water quality. The average hardness level is above the limit values. The results of geochemical analyses showed that the common water types in the region are Mg–Ca–HCO₃, Ca–Mg–HCO₃, Ca–Mg–HCO₃–SO₄, and Ca–Mg–HCO₃–Cl-water facies. Most of the samples belong to the \"rock weathering dominated\" region represented in the Gibbs diagram. The hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) values vary between respectively 6.5–7.9; 230.4–720.8 μS/cm, and 149–468 mg/L. Cations and anions followed the order Ca²⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; Na⁺ &gt; K⁺ and HCO₃⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; F⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻. Heavy metal anomalies in water followed an increasing order: Cu &lt; As &lt; Pb &lt; Ni &lt; Ba &lt; Fe &lt; Cr &lt; Mn &lt; Zn &lt; Sr. These heavy metals showed high index values (Poseidon index (PoS), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geochemical index (Igeo), heavy metals pollution index (HPI), contamination degree (Cd), in some water samples. There is a spatial anomaly in these locations related to limestone and ophiolite. This water can be used for irrigation purposes according to Wilcox, the United States salinity laboratory diagram (USSL), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR), and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000531/pdfft?md5=29462b406ef6506ee0dd6caae21d96d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000531-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach for cationic dyes removal from wastewater: Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Prunus avium stems extracts","authors":"Aynur Şahin ,&nbsp;Şakir Altınsoy ,&nbsp;Kadriye Kızılbey","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metallic nanoparticles with optical, electrical, catalytic, magnetic, and biological properties are structures that can be used in environmental pollution. The use of iron nanoparticles in environmental rehabilitaion is gaining interest due to their large surface area to volume ratio. The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize iron oxide nanoparticles by using cherry plant extracts through a green synthesis approach, and to evaluate the use of cherry plant extracts as an adsorbent of methylene blue in wastewater. The physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles was performed with UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD spectroscopies, SEM microscopy and Zetasizer particle size analysis. As a result of the experiments, the adsorption percentage increased depending on the time and 67.34% methylene blue removal was achieved at the 150th minute. This study highlights the importance of innovative approaches and the increasing use of biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and economical green materials in applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410824000518/pdfft?md5=d6045d81b5afe44eedea6803881c84ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410824000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}