Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of ofloxacin using sesame seed oil-based colloidal system: antimicrobial, toxicity, and drug delivery studies","authors":"Abayomi Bamisaye ,&nbsp;Catherine O. Eromosele ,&nbsp;Enock O. Dare ,&nbsp;Mopelola A. Idowu ,&nbsp;Oluseyi A. Akinloye ,&nbsp;Yakubu A. Alli ,&nbsp;Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrophobicity and gastroenzymatic degradation of drugs requires an innovative approach, which includes the adoption of a nanosized colloidal system for drug delivery. The emulsions were produced by the mechano-chemical method and characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zetasizer, 1HNMR, and Cryo-TEM. Molecular studies and antimicrobial activity of sesame oil-based nanoemulsion (SOBN), ofloxacin-loaded sesame oil-based nanoemulsion (SOBN + OF), and ofloxacin (OF) were carried out on <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, <em>S. aureus</em> (ATCC 29213), and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (ATCC 15442). Drug delivery studies of SOBN + OF were done using adult male Wistar rats. The zeta potential measurement shows a negatively charged emulsion (−16.1mV), with low polydispersity index values, which suggests high stability. The Cryo-TEM micrographs show a rough spherical colloid with an average diameter of 610.4 ± 0.54 nm and an effective electric field strength value of 147.4 V. The UV–Vis analysis recorded a maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 21.250 μg/mL. The FTIR shows a superimposition of SOBN and SOBN + OF spectra with a wavenumber value of 3427.76 cm⁻¹, which is in agreement with the 1HNMR results, suggesting an encapsulation. The molecular studies show that the highest docking values of −6.67291594 and −7.09475231 were recorded on peptidoglycan deacetylase (gram-positive) and beta-lactamase class A (gram-negative) bacterium protein, respectively. The antimicrobial study shows that SOBN + OF is more potent than OF across a concentration range of 500 to 31.25 mg/mL. The toxicity of the investigated dosage (17.5 mL/kg bw) of SOBN + OF has a pathomorphological effect on Wistar rats. The SOBN + OF-treated rat skin had an absorption value of 0.0980 μg/mL, indicating a significant penetration rate. A recorded C_max value of 2.31 μg/mL was noted at 150 min in the transdermo-pharmaceutical study. The outcome of this study shows that sesame oil-based nanoemulsion is a probable vehicle, with the potential to encapsulate, transport, and release ofloxacin, thereby enhancing its biopotency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of aqueous methanolic bark extracts of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. against RSL3-induced ferroptosis","authors":"Katrina Lorraine C. Chua ,&nbsp;Anne Nicole S. Tensuan ,&nbsp;Mica Xiena Yungca ,&nbsp;Charisse T. Tugahan ,&nbsp;Virgilio T. Linis ,&nbsp;Rafael A. Espiritu","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death that has been implicated in various human pathophysiological conditions and its regulation may have therapeutic potential. Plants have been a rich source of bioactive compounds targeting various diseases, and extracts from <em>Alstonia scholaris</em> (L.) R. Br., locally known as “Dita”, are known for their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, its ability to regulate cell death, specifically ferroptosis, has not yet been explored. In this study, the antioxidant potential of <em>A. scholaris</em> bark extract and its effects in the execution of ferroptosis in HT-29 cell line were investigated. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that <em>A. scholaris</em> extract possesses significant radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 0.24 mg/mL) which may be accounted for by its modest amount of total phenolic (26.83 ± 3.51 mg gallic acid equivalent/g crude extract) and flavonoid (7.59 ± 1.59 mg quercetin equivalent/g crude extract) compounds. At a concentration of 0.1875 mg/mL, the extract rescued HT-29 cells against RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis to levels comparable with the standard inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses suggest the possible presence of quinic acid and magnolol, respectively, both of which could contribute to the observed antioxidant property of the <em>A. scholaris</em> extract. Finally, to explore the possible role of quinic acid and magnolol in inhibiting ferroptosis, molecular docking simulations with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were carried out which demonstrated preferable interactions that were comparable with a co-crystalized inhibitor (binding free energy, BFE = −7.64 kcal/mol), particularly magnolol (BFE = −7.22 kcal/mol). These results demonstrate the potential of finding novel ferroptosis regulators in <em>A. scholaris</em> extracts, nevertheless, further studies are needed to conclusively confirm both the presence and activity of these compounds in the extract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hydrophobic additives in macroplastics and trace metal contamination on Kuwait's coastal beaches","authors":"Abdul Hadi E. Bu-Olayan,&nbsp;B.V. Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global rise in macroplastic waste has adversely affected Kuwait's beaches, presenting potential threats to the marine ecosystem. In this study, debris samples were collected and analyzed from eleven beach sites between 2022 and 2024. Macroplastics distributed across the studied sites were more abundant in the winter (76 %) than in the summer (59 %) seasons. The polypropylene items were highly apportioned (25 %) among the seven identified polymers in this study. Among the sites, macroplastics recovered from the S3 (intertidal mudflats, fishing, wastewater drains), S4 (recreation), and S9 (industries) areas showed high mean concentrations of Cr (512.62 μg/kg), Ni (248.49 μg/kg), and Zn (36.04 μg/kg) compared to the other analyzed metals. The indices outlined in this study reflected the characteristics of occupational activities, the negligence of beachgoers towards pollution, the presence of seven macroplastics types, impact of additive pollutants, and were corroborated by assessments of clean coastal (CCI), polymer abundance (PAI), and polymer hazardous (PHI) indices. Furthermore, observations showed that hydrological factors and seasonal variations influenced the abundance of macroplastics, validating macroplastics as a beach pollutant indicator. Conjecturing the apportionment and futuristic escalation of macroplastics pollution threats, this study depicts the salient mitigation strategies to decrease macroplastics in the marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface functionalized on polystyrene-gold urchin for determining brain injury biomarker","authors":"Ming Qiao,&nbsp;Yan Peng,&nbsp;Ting Yan,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;JingFang Yue,&nbsp;Qing Zhu,&nbsp;XueGang Peng,&nbsp;Shuangxia Xiong,&nbsp;Gang Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers are focusing on developing materials-aided biosensing strategies and utilizing blood-based biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis. This study aims to develop a highly sensitive method for detecting the TBI biomarker S100β using a gold urchin-mediated ELISA. In this approach, anti-S100β polyclonal antibodies were attached to a polystyrene substrate via gold urchins. S100β was sandwiched between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, achieving a limit of detection of 1 pg/mL with an R² value of 0.9419 [y = 0.095x - 0.0206] on the linear curve within the range of 0.001–1000 ng/mL. This method displayed better performance compared to conventional ELISA without gold urchins, which had [y = 0.0857x - 0.0763, R² = 0.9736]. Furthermore, control experiments with γ-aminobutyric acid and glial fibrillary acidic proteins did not increase optical density, confirming the specific detection of S100β. This S100β biosensor has brought a novelty with a unique nanomaterial to enhance the polystyrene surface area and effectively detects low levels of S100β, aiding the diagnosis of brain injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green tea yogurt supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 microcapsules affects the hematopoietic cells in BALB/c obese mice","authors":"Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa'adah ,&nbsp;Esha Ardiansyah ,&nbsp;Dawama Nur Fadlilah ,&nbsp;Rahmi Izati ,&nbsp;Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah ,&nbsp;Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna ,&nbsp;Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah ,&nbsp;Siti Nur Arifah ,&nbsp;Hideo Tsuboi ,&nbsp;Yoga Dwi Jatmiko ,&nbsp;Muhaimin Rifa'i","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome due to low-grade chronic inflammation. The inflammation caused an imbalance of blood cell production in the hematopoietic system. The study aimed to investigate the effects of green tea yogurt supplemented with probiotic microcapsules (GTYP) on the immune profile of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. The microencapsulation procedure was performed using double-coated alginate-chitosan. Mice were treated with a normal diet (ND) and high-fat fructose diet (HFFD) for 12 weeks, then divided into seven groups, namely, ND: normal diet; HFFD: high-fat fructose diet; HFFD + simv: HFFD + simvastatin 1.3 mg/kg BW; HFFD + PY: HFFD + plain yogurt 5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP1: HFFD + GTYP 2.5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP2: HFFD + GTYP 5 g/kg BW; and HFFD + GTYP3: HFFD + GTYP 10 g/kg BW. The hematopoietic cells were isolated through a flushing-out procedure, and cells were stained with specific antibodies. The expression of hematopoietic cells such as tissue erythroid reagent (TER)119⁺, clusters of differentiation (CD)34⁺, TER119⁺CD55⁺, TER119⁺, Very Late Antigen (VLA)-4⁺, and Gr-1⁺ were measured using flow cytometry and statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results show that the HFFD group reduces the expression of TER119⁺CD34⁺ (0.015 %) and TER119⁺VLA-4⁺ (0.18 %) but increases the expression of granulocytes (Gr)-1⁺ (57.83 %). GTYP treatment significantly increased the levels of red blood cell progenitor and protein regulator, while the level of Gr-1⁺ decreased after treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The combination of green tea, which is high in polyphenol content, and probiotic <em>L. paracasei</em> E1 microcapsules in the yogurt acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and improves the homeostasis of the hematopoietic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the generalized q-Mittag-Leffler function to fractional q-kinetic equations via q-Shehu transform","authors":"Mulugeta Dawud Ali ,&nbsp;D.L. Suthar","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the properties and applications of <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Mittag-Leffler functions with five parameters within the framework of fractional <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-kinetic equations. We study the essential properties of these functions using several <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-calculus operators, including the <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Riemann–Liouville integral, generalized <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Weyl derivative operators, and <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-transform such as the <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Mellin and <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Shehu transforms. An original method for addressing fractional <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-kinetic equations involving generalized <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Mittag-Leffler functions is presented, which utilizes the <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Shehu transform, a generalization of the <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-Laplace transform. Further, we state some significant and special cases of our main results. Finally, we present the obtained solutions in the form of numerical graphs using MATLAB 23 software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on recent insights on cardiovascular diseases drug design using natural products and in silico studies","authors":"Sylvester Nnaemeka Ugariogu ,&nbsp;Naser F. Al-Tannak ,&nbsp;Samya Sh Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, are strongly associated with unhealthy eating habits. Compounds originating from plants, natural products, and balanced diets have been identified as potential remedies for CVDs. Natural products that improve cardiovascular health may include fruits, vegetables, spices, herbs, propolis, honey, and red wine. This review focused on articles published from 2015 onwards from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, highlighting key studies on natural products and <em>in silico</em> research for managing CVDs, including their biosynthesis, mode of action, and origins. Overall, this assessment indicated that <em>in silico</em> research and natural products have been useful in providing insightful cures for some CVDs, but they still have a lot of unrealized potential. Some of the target proteins and protein databank identification numbers that may be utilized in <em>in silico</em> research for cardiovascular disorders were displayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring new estimators in ridge regression: Addressing multicollinearity in economic and petroleum product data analysis","authors":"Nida Khalid ,&nbsp;Dost Muhammad Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Suhail ,&nbsp;Umair Khalil ,&nbsp;Eman H. Alkhammash","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multicollinearity remains a major challenge in regression analysis, leading to unreliable parameter estimates and reduced predictive accuracy. Existing preprocessing methods, such as K1 to K9, attempt to mitigate this issue but are not universally effective. This study proposes three novel ridge regression estimators that address multicollinearity without requiring additional preprocessing. We evaluate these estimators through extensive simulations and real-world datasets spanning multiple sectors. Results show that our approach consistently reduces mean squared error (MSE) and outperforms traditional methods, making it a reliable tool for improving predictive accuracy in economic forecasting and other data-driven fields. Our findings reveal that these new estimators reduce MSE in 136 out of 160 simulation cases and deliver superior performance across multiple datasets, including car consumption, South Africa’s economy, Pakistan’s socio-economic indicators, and Saudi Arabian petroleum product prices. These results highlight the reliability of our estimators in addressing multicollinearity and enhancing predictive accuracy, particularly in economic forecasting and other predictive analytics domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and biochemical responses of Carthamus tinctorius L. under salt stress","authors":"Somayeh Vaghari ,&nbsp;Arash Fazeli ,&nbsp;Reza Haghi ,&nbsp;Fariba Shohani","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity stress is one of the important abiotic factors that affect the physiological and metabolic activities of plants. The present research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Ilam University during the agricultural year 1403–1402. In this study, salinity stress at two levels (control and 120 mM) was applied to four genotypes (<em>Cart</em>193, <em>Cart</em>158, <em>Cart</em>83, and <em>Cart</em>223) to evaluate growth indices, photosynthesis rate, relative water content (RWC), soluble carbohydrate content (TSC), proline (Pro), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in <em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L. The mean comparison results showed that under 120 mM salinity stress, the aerial parts had a reduction of 6.2 % in plant height and 23.07 % in the number of seeds per head, respectively, in the genotypes Cart83 and Cart158 compared to the control. Additionally, the number of seeds per head, 25 % seed weight, 24.39 % total seed yield, 18.86 % biological yield, 19.89 % harvest index, 0.78 % head diameter, 1.82 % photosynthesis rate 60 %, and RWC 31.74 % showed the highest reduction in the genotype <em>Cart</em>223 compared to the control. Furthermore, the content of 25.71 % Pro, 29.45 % TSC, 42.38 % anthocyanins, and 31.22 % phenols showed the highest increase in the genotype Cart193 compared to the control. However, among the enzymatic antioxidants, only guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed the highest increase of 55.05 % in the genotype <em>Cart</em>223 compared to the control. The results of this study indicate that compatible osmolytes and non-enzymatic antioxidants act as effective markers for understanding the defense mechanisms of Carthamus tinctorius under salinity stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imputation of missing data for domain mean estimation using simple random sampling","authors":"Anoop Kumar ,&nbsp;Shashi Bhushan ,&nbsp;Rohini Pokhrel ,&nbsp;Amer I. Al-Omari ,&nbsp;Ayed R.A. Alanzi ,&nbsp;Shokrya S. Alshqaq","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The estimate of domain mean is a significant issue in sample surveys. However, if the data is missing, it becomes very necessary. In the case of missing data, this paper proposes some direct and synthetic domain mean estimators using simple random sampling. To evaluate the performance of the suggested estimators against existing estimators, the algebraic formula of mean square errors is deduced. Additionally, a thorough, extensive simulation study was conducted utilizing a normally distributed population. Certain applications that contain actual data are also made available. The results of the simulation show the superiority of the suggested direct and synthetic Searls power ratio imputation approaches over the direct and synthetic mean imputation approaches, direct and synthetic ratio imputation approaches, and direct and synthetic power ratio imputation approaches by minimum mean square error and maximum percent relative efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed direct and synthetic imputation approaches are demonstrated using a real data based on the crop production from Agra district, located in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}