Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"A new statistical model for advanced modeling of cancer disease data","authors":"Ahmad Abubakar Suleiman ,&nbsp;Hanita Daud ,&nbsp;Aliyu Ismail Ishaq ,&nbsp;Abbas Umar Farouk ,&nbsp;Aminu Suleiman Mohammed ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kayid ,&nbsp;Vasili B.V. Nagarjuna ,&nbsp;Shahid Mohammad ,&nbsp;Mohammed Elgarhy","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical probability models often struggle to capture the variability and complex patterns inherent in biomedical data, particularly lifetime data. To address these limitations, the generalized odd beta prime Generalized (GOBP-G) class of distributions is introduced, along with an extension called the generalized odd beta prime-Weibull (GOBPW) distribution. This new model offers enhanced flexibility and can represent a variety of data characteristics, from symmetric to skewed distributions, as well as diverse hazard rate patterns, such as increasing, bathtub, and decreasing trends. These features make the GOBPW model suitable for statistical analysis in biomedical and engineering applications. This study derives key properties of the GOBPW distribution, including its moments, moment-generating function, entropy measures, stress-strength function, quantile function, and order statistics. The cumulative and probability density functions are also developed, providing a foundational structure for the model. Multiple estimation methods are employed to assess the accuracy and reliability of parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulations further validate the model's robustness across various conditions. The practical utility of the GOBPW model is demonstrated through applications to three datasets: remission times of 132 bladder cancer patients (CD1), survival times of 73 acute bone cancer patients (CD2), and blood cancer data (CD3). Various evaluation metrics, including Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQIC), and consistent Akaike's information criterion (CAIC) were used to assess the performance of the competing models. For CD1, the GOBPW model achieves the lowest AIC (381.0622) and BIC (772.1244) among competing models. For CD2, GOBPW again demonstrates superior performance with the lowest AIC (140.2969) and BIC (290.5938), by capturing the extreme value behavior of acute bone cancer survival times more effectively. For CD3, the GOBPW model provides the best fit with an AIC of 65.7700 and BIC of 141.5400, outperforming all other competing models. This research offers a valuable tool for enhanced decision-making in medical data analysis, positioning the GOBPW distribution as a powerful alternative to traditional statistical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of remote sensing and geochemical analysis of chromite bodies in the Logar Ophiolitic Complex, Southeast Afghanistan","authors":"Bilal Jan Haji Muhammad ,&nbsp;Noor Rahman Rahmani ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jalal Mohabbat ,&nbsp;Ihtisham Islam ,&nbsp;Imtiaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Wang Ping","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromite, a significant mineral for chromium, is extensively dispersed toward the southeast and east regions of Afghanistan, particularly in Logar Province. Hosted in the lowest ultramafic rocks of the Logar Ophiolite Complex (LOC), the podiform-type chromite mineralization showcases varying textures from massive chromite pods to disseminated chromite crystals. The ultramafic rocks, predominantly dunite and harzburgite, are serpentinized, with chromite found microscopically exhibiting a granular texture. This study focuses on geochemical analysis to discern the petrology and mineralogy of chromite in the LOC, utilizing Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). Through the False Color Composite (FCC) technique and Landsat 8 data, approximately 40 % of the Mohammad Agha district in Logar Province is identified as containing chromite bodies. The fieldwork validated Landsat 8 results, confirming the efficacy of the applied techniques. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data further reveal that the mean percentage of chromite oxide within the studied samples ranges from 35 to 40 %. This integrated approach, combining Remote sensing (RS) and geochemical analysis, not only characterizes chromite occurrences but also contributes to improving lithological mapping, offering valuable insights for geological research and resource exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt tolerance potential of native plant species and halophilic bacteria from Bahadur Khel and Khewra, Pakistan","authors":"Bushra Rehman ,&nbsp;Walid M.A. Khalifa ,&nbsp;Cyrus Raza Mirza ,&nbsp;Tayyab Ashfaq Butt ,&nbsp;Nida Manan ,&nbsp;Asif Sajjad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Toqeer ,&nbsp;Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Sohail Yousaf ,&nbsp;Mazhar Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity poses a significant challenge to agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, necessitating innovative solutions for sustainable crop production. This study focused on characterizing the salinity tolerance of plants and associated microbial communities in two saline regions of Pakistan: Bahadur Khel and Khewra. Soil and plant samples were collected from these locations to assess their physicochemical properties, salinity tolerance, and elemental composition. Indigenous microbial strains were isolated, identified, and tested for salinity resistance. The soil samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil texture, and nutrient content, while plant samples were assessed for their bioconcentration and translocation potential of osmoregulatory elements such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. Results indicate that Khewra soil has moderate salinity, while Bahadur Khel displays strong salinity. Bacterial strains isolated from Khewra include <em>Oceanobacillus picturae</em> and <em>Halobacillus</em> sp., while Bahadur Khel contained <em>Macrobacterium paludicola</em>, <em>Solibacillus silvestris</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, and <em>Arthrobacter luteolus</em>. All strains demonstrated salt tolerance of 10–14 % NaCl. Most plant species exhibited a Na translocation factor of &gt;1, demonstrating their ability to uptake and transport ions to the shoots, suggesting phytoextraction potential. <em>Salsola kali</em>, <em>Salsola imbricata</em>, and <em>Paganum hermala</em> accumulated Na in shoots, whereas <em>Cenhrus pennisetiformis</em> and <em>Salsola imbricata</em> in roots, indicating phytoaccumulation capacity. The underlying mechanisms of these halophytes and salt tolerant bacteria can help to promote the growth of glycophytic organisms in saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of opium poppy genotypes for tolerance to drought, salinity, and low temperatures during the germination stage","authors":"Pınar Harmancı ,&nbsp;Mehmet Demir Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed germination is a crucial stage in determining the ability of seedlings to emerge and establish. However, it is mainly influenced by genetic factors and unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, and low temperatures. In this study, the germination ability of three opium poppy cultivars (Çelikoğlu, Hüseyinbey, and Seyitgazi) and local genotypes (population 4, 6, and 7) was evaluated under various drought stresses (0, −2, −4, and −6 bar induced by PEG 6000) and NaCl salinities (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS/m). Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, and germination stress tolerance index were used to assess the response of poppy genotypes to low temperature stress (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C). Emergence performance was also tested under salt and low-temperatures (20 °C and 15 °C). The results showed that increasing salinity led to a decrease in germination percentage and an increase in mean germination time of poppy seeds. Notably, Hüseyinbey had higher and faster germination than the other genotypes. Under drought conditions, no germination was recorded at −6 bar, but Hüseyinbey had the highest germination percentage, germination index, and stress tolerance index at −2 and −4 bar. Pop 4 showed superior germination characteristics at low temperatures. The stress tolerance index and germination index may be useful criteria for selecting plants that can withstand low temperatures. It was determined that poppy genotypes responded differently to abiotic stresses, with Hüseyinbey and Seyitgazi showing resilience to salinity and drought. Moreover, local populations may serve as genetic resources for cold tolerance, given the superior performance of Pop 4 at low temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent chlorination in water distribution networks: Integrating genetic algorithm and EPANET fusion","authors":"Benyamin Chahkandi ,&nbsp;Masoud Montazeri Namin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Gheibi ,&nbsp;Klodian Dhoska ,&nbsp;Reza Moezzi ,&nbsp;Amir M. Fathollahi-Fard","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary goal of chlorination, a chemical treatment process employed in water distribution networks (WDNs), is to safeguard public health by disinfecting potable water. This research delves into the hydraulic and qualitative analysis of WDNs in the Golestan district of Ahwaz city, Iran, utilizing a demand-based methodology integrating genetic algorithm (GA) and Environmental Protection Agency Network Evaluation Tool (EPANET) simulation software. The investigation incorporates varied concentrations of booster chlorination, and a re-qualitative analysis is subsequently performed. Three distinct scenarios, each employing one, two, and three booster pumps, are conceptualized. A quality performance indicator is developed to enhance comprehension and facilitate a comprehensive water assessment. To optimize the quality performance index (QPI), the GA is employed with an objective function, i.e., determining the most effective placement of chlorine injection pumps. The results reveal that the network performance index achieved percentages of 78 %, 78 %, and 80 % across the three scenarios. Moreover, the water quality in the second and third scenarios attains notably high acceptability levels, highlighting the efficacy of the proposed chlorination strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of macro- and microplastics in sediment and mudskippers from Ashish Al-Doha, Kuwait","authors":"Esraa A. Al-Fares,&nbsp;Amani S.Y. Al-Zaidan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kuwait's marine environment has long been known to be contaminated by various pollutants, yet reports of plastic litter are limited. This study quantified macro- and microplastics in the littoral sediment and gastrointestinal tracts of mudskippers inhabiting Ashish Al-Doha-Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Results showed that macro- (395 ± 189 particles/m²) and microplastics (291.8 ± 70.6 particles/kg) in sediment were dominated by fragments and fibers, reaching up to 51.3 % and 43.7 % respectively. Due to the different feeding habits of mudskipper species and proximity to anthropogenic pollution, ingested plastic was only found in 15 % of the preliminary specimens. Contamination was attributed to discarded debris on the beach, untreated stormwater/wastewater runoff, dredging, and riverine input. Monitoring, management, and enforcement of laws are needed to undertake the unrestricted anthropogenic activity in Sulaibikhat Bay, which could lead to irreversible damage to this already fragile ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of parameters of the exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution under the Bayesian framework","authors":"Muhammad Asif ,&nbsp;Mariya Raftab ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Akbar Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the unknown parameter(s) of distribution using Bayesian framework is a core topic in statistical literature. This study focuses on the Bayesian estimation and prior selection for the scale and shape parameters of the exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution. We consider both informative (chi-square, inverse Lévy) and non-informative (uniform, Jeffreys) priors to update the current state of knowledge regarding the unknown parameters. The squared error loss function (SELF), LINEX loss function (LLF), precautionary loss function (PLF), and quasi-quadratic loss function (QQLF) are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of priors while estimating the parameters. Expressions for posterior distributions, Bayes estimators (BE), Bayes posterior risks (BPR), credible intervals, and predictive intervals are derived under the aforementioned conditions. Extensive simulation as well as real data analysis is carried out to show the relative performances of the priors and loss functions by comparing the respective BPRs. The results reveal that the inverse Lévy prior outperforms the other priors in terms of minimum BPR and providing tighter credible and predictive intervals while estimating the scale parameter. Whereas, for the shape parameter, the gamma prior shows superior performance. The real data analysis cements the findings of the simulation study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karst rocky desertification delineation and estimation of potential soil loss in tropical karst cockpits","authors":"Rakhmat Dwi Putra ,&nbsp;Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ,&nbsp;Eko Haryono","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cockpit karst, characterized by hilly topography, steep slopes, and thin soil layers, is highly susceptible to land degradation in the form of karst rocky desertification (KRD). KRD occurs due to acute soil erosion in karst environments, leading to the exposure of bedrock. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of KRD, accurately assess soil erosion rates in cockpit karst landscapes, and identify the contributing factors. The research was conducted within the Seropan underground river catchment area in the Gunungsewu Karst region. KRD was identified using an image transformation approach employing the Karst Rocky Desertification Index (KRDI). Soil loss estimation was performed using the updated Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, incorporating the KRD factor to enhance its applicability in karst environments. The results demonstrate that KRDI is highly effective in identifying KRD. Approximately 40 % of the study area exhibits moderate to severe KRD levels, predominantly found on the slopes of conical hills, where the primary driving factors are deforestation, land clearing for dryland agriculture, and abandonment of agricultural land. The estimated total soil loss in the study area is 4975.01 tons per year, with the highest contribution occurring at the intense soil loss level. The intense to extremely intense-severe soil loss levels are correlated with the steep slopes of conical hills, highlighting the significant role of topography in soil degradation within tropical karst environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing organic waste management in Ghana through vermicomposting with Eudrilus eugeniae: Implications for sustainable agriculture and waste reduction","authors":"Saeed Ibn Idris Kofi Yeboah ,&nbsp;Asomaning Nana Sekyiwaah ,&nbsp;Gyan Ronald Amoah ,&nbsp;Addo Albert Martey ,&nbsp;Obeng Ayman Manu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kusi Amo ,&nbsp;Amanda Owusu ,&nbsp;Yeboah Kwasi Saeed Idris ,&nbsp;Quansah Diana ,&nbsp;Abubakar Asana Zorngo","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ghana faces considerable challenges in managing municipal solid waste (MSW), with 49 %–68 % of it consisting of organic matter. Vermicomposting, an aerobic composting process employing various species of redworms and earthworms, presents a favourable alternative for managing organic waste. This study aimed to assess earthworms' (<em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em>) capacity to facilitate the natural breakdown and transformation of organic waste, particularly food waste, and to evaluate their positive impact on plant growth. Organic materials such as cassava, plantain, yam, and their peels, including leftovers of fufu, banku, kenkey, and rice, were used for the experiment to ascertain the study objectives. Results indicated a reduction in food waste ranging from 15 % to 50 %, with an average weight loss of 41.8 %. Furthermore, total nitrogen increased from 0.14 % to 0.78 %, available phosphorus from 0.12 % to 0.85 %, and exchangeable potassium from 2.93 % to 3.97 %. The resulting vermicompost was used as a growth medium for tomatoes, and significant differences were observed in shoot length, leaf number, and branch number between treatments. However, no significant difference was found between NPK fertilizer and vermicompost treatments. At four weeks post-transplanting, tomatoes treated with NPK recorded the highest mean shoot length (31 cm), followed by vermicompost (30.13 cm) and the control (27.13 cm). Similarly, tomatoes treated with NPK had the most leaves (51.50), followed by vermicompost (48) and the control (38.75). This study recommends vermicomposting as a viable organic waste management strategy, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Training and awareness programs should be initiated to promote its adoption in Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and molecular mechanisms of anticancer activity of Stevia rebaudiana extract in gastric cancer cells: In silico docking and functional assays on apoptosis and cell migration","authors":"Quan Ye ,&nbsp;Yujiao Wu ,&nbsp;Dongmei Kuang ,&nbsp;Hong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric carcinoma (GC) continues to be a substantial worldwide health problem, requiring the investigation of new treatment approaches. Early GC, which can be multifocal and portend a worse prognosis, is classified into four types: Type-I (protruding), Type-II (superficial), Type-III (excavating), and Type-IV (infiltrating with lateral spreading). This research aimed to explore the possible anti-cancer properties of <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> ethanol extract (EESR) on SGC-7901 GC cells. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and pro-apoptotic effects of EESR, as well as its capacity to regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. We used a range of assays, including 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT), clonogenic, Transwell chambers, Annexin-V, Western blotting, and molecular docking analysis, to investigate and understand the molecular pathways responsible for the bioactivity of EESR. The findings of our study showed that the viability of cells, capacity to form colonies, ability to migrate, and ability to invade were reduced in a manner that depended on the concentration of EESR. This decrease was accompanied by the initiation of apoptosis and the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results showed statistically significant findings, with a substantial decrease (∗∗p &lt; 0.01) in colony formation and migration, as well as an increase in apoptotic cells (∗∗p &lt; 0.01) after EESR treatment. Additional molecular docking studies demonstrated substantial interactions between Stevioside, a crucial component of EESR, and the PI3K-mTOR protein complex. These noteworthy results demonstrate the potential of EESR as a natural therapeutic agent for GC. Further study is needed to determine its effectiveness for clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}