综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Differential regulation of the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway in response to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Litopenaeus vannamei.","authors":"Wananit Wimuttisuk, Pisut Yotbuntueng, Pacharawan Deenarn, Punsa Tobwor, Kamonluk Kittiwongpukdee, Surasak Jiemsup, Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, Chanadda Kasamechotchung, Suganya Yongkiettrakul, Natthinee Munkongwongsiri, Siriwan Khidprasert, Vanicha Vichai","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334906","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes severe growth retardation in penaeid shrimp. EHP infection damages the hepatopancreatic tubules, causes hematopoietic infiltration, and recruits granulocytes and inflammatory cells to the shrimp stomach and intestine. In this study, we investigated whether EHP infection induced the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway in the gastrointestinal tract of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp hepatopancreases, stomachs, and intestines were collected on days 0, 7, and 21 of the EHP cohabitation experiment for analysis. On day 7, the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) enzymes, which catalyze the production of prostaglandins, were elevated in the hepatopancreas of EHP-infected shrimp. The stomach of EHP-infected shrimp also contained higher levels of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) than the control shrimp. Nevertheless, the most significant impact of EHP infection on day 7 was observed in shrimp intestines, in which the levels of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 8-HETE, and four isomers of HEPEs were higher in the EHP-infected shrimp than in the control shrimp. As the EHP infection progressed to day 21, the upregulation of COX and PGFS persisted in the EHP-infected hepatopancreas, leading to increasing levels of PGF2α and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). The upregulation of prostaglandins was in contrast with the decreasing levels of HETEs and HEPEs in the hepatopancreas of EHP-infected shrimp. Meanwhile, the stomach of EHP-infected shrimp contained higher levels of prostaglandin D2, PGF2α, 15d-PGJ2, and most of the hydroxy fatty acids than the control shrimp. The levels of eicosanoid precursors, namely arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, were upregulated in the shrimp gastrointestinal tract collected on days 7 and 21, suggesting that substrate availability contributes to the increasing levels of eicosanoids after EHP infection. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway in response to EHP infection. Moreover, the results indicate that eicosanoids are part of the host-pathogen interactions in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of spatial heterogeneity in Xi'an's urban heat island effect using multi-source data fusion.","authors":"Yuan Meng, Qian Luo, Boyu Bai, Yonghao Li, Jialin Lu, Juan Ren","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0332885","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0332885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of global climate change, this study aims to investigate the spatial heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of the urban heat island (UHI) effect within Xi'an's second ring road area. We constructed a novel multi-source data fusion framework that integrates high-resolution remote sensing imagery, detailed building spatial data, and semantic indicators from street view imagery. Based on this framework, we extracted seven key environmental features and land surface temperature (LST) data. We employed Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) and machine learning models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Gradient Boosted Regression, to analyze both nonlinear interactions and spatially localized variations influencing UHI intensity. The results indicate that building density (BD), green view index (GVI), and road density (RD) are the dominant factors affecting LST, showing significant spatial heterogeneity. BD has the highest global importance with a SHAP value of 0.665 in the XGBoost model and shows positive effects on LST, especially in high-density areas. GVI exhibits stable negative correlations with LST, highlighting its cooling potential in medium- to high-density zones. MGWR regression coefficients for BD and GVI range from -0.66 to 1.38 and -0.53 to 0.33, respectively, revealing substantial local variation. Our analysis reveals the necessity of spatially differentiated climate adaptation strategies, and confirms the effectiveness of fine-grained environmental indicators in representing UHI formation mechanisms. The proposed multi-source data fusion and integrated MGWR-machine learning framework offers refined methodological tools and practical insights for enhancing urban thermal resilience and developing targeted microclimate regulation policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0332885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new functional classification of U.S. metropolitan and micropolitan areas.","authors":"Robert W Pendergrass","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334284","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study develops a new functional classification of metropolitan and micropolitan areas in the United States. The methodology used was based on the widely used locational quotient and the Coefficient of Specialization (also known as the Index of Divergence). Determining a specialty or which industrial category may be dominant was set to be the outliers above the upper inner fence for each distribution. The units of analysis were all 927 United States metropolitan and micropolitan areas, excluding Puerto Rico. Readily available employment data from the American Community Survey for 2021 was used. Issues and problems with previous classification systems, such as the reliance on a small number of large cities, the inclusion of unpublished data, and subjectivity, were avoided. A relatively small number of urban areas were found to have multiple functional specializations: only forty-five (4.9% of all areas) had two or more functional specialties. Only five had three functional specialties (just over half a percent). Diversified Metro/Micro Areas, which had no industrial category that stood out as dominant, was the single largest class. The pattern of employment for metropolitan areas that specialized in the Productive Class diverged the most from the overall national pattern of metropolitan areas. Those areas in the Extractive Class followed with the second highest degree of divergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that influence an individual's decision to undergo bariatric surgery: A qualitative systematic review.","authors":"Natasha Keogh, Dawn Horsom, Geraldine Lee, Mohamad M Saab","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334837","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is a significant health issue associated with chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery is the most effective weight loss treatment for obesity. This systematic review aimed to examine factors influencing individuals' decisions to undergo bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Qualitative Reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Literature searches were conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycArticles. Results were analysed using a meta-aggregative approach. Quality appraisal was conducted using the JBI Checklist for Qualitative Research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies were included. Health concerns, fears of obesity-related comorbidities, and a desire to improve physical health and quality of life emerged as key motivators to undergoing bariatric surgery. Support from healthcare professionals and family played a crucial role in motivating individuals to consider surgery. Women particularly noted concerns about fertility as a motivator to undergo bariatric surgery. Disclosure of surgery, financial concerns, transport, family and work commitments, and perceived risks of surgery were identified as barriers to undergoing bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the need for healthcare professionals to adopt empathetic, patient-centred approaches when discussing bariatric surgery. Addressing financial, insurance, and logistical barriers, alongside stigma and family resistance, is essential. Improving patient education, strengthening provider relationships, and offering tailored support can enhance decision-making, access, and long-term outcomes for those considering bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of childbirth in primipara women and its correlation with premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yanran Li, Yi Lu, Xujuan Xu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0332135","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0332135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is the most common psychological problem among pregnant women, especially in primipara women who are more likely to fear the unknown delivery process. The causes of FOC are complex and influenced by various factors, but the impact of menstruation-related factors remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current situation of FOC in primiparous women during late pregnancy, investigate the influencing factors of FOC, and further explore the correlation between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and FOC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a multicenter cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method is used to select 597 primiparous women who attend regular prenatal check-ups at three healthcare institutions in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, between December 2023 and February 2024. Participants are required to complete the general information questionnaire, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Marital Adjustment Scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test are used to access the between-group differences. Multiple linear regression is used to analyze the influencing factors of FOC. Spearman correlation examines the relationship between PMS and FOC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that 46.73% of primiparous women experience FOC. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that dysmenorrhea, unintended pregnancy, PMS, social support, sleep quality, and marital relationship are significant factors influencing FOC (P < 0.05). Additionally, PMS is moderately positively correlated with FOC (r = 0.549, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study results indicate that the social issue of FOC deserves attention. Clinical healthcare professionals should focus on the physical and mental well-being of pregnant women, particularly those with PMS. They should enhance prenatal psychological assessments and provide targeted emotional support based on individual circumstances, helping these women better cope with childbirth, improve their childbirth experience, and ensure maternal and infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0332135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive impairment: Protocol of a systematic review.","authors":"Prakasit Tonchoy, Nestor Asiamah, Rufus Akintimehin, Pannawadee Singkaew","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334862","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse health effects, yet evidence on the cognitive consequences of such exposure remains fragmented and has not been systematically synthesized across occupational groups. This protocol outlines a systematic review that will examine the relationship between occupational PAH exposure and cognitive impairment across eight predefined occupational categories. Relevant studies will be identified through electronic searches of major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies must assess PAH exposure in occupational settings and evaluate cognitive outcomes using validated instruments, with domain-specific neuropsychological tests prioritized as primary outcomes and global screening tools (e.g., MoCA, MMSE) included as supportive outcomes. Both observational and comparative study designs will be considered. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers, and full texts of potentially eligible articles will be assessed using predefined criteria. Data will be synthesized narratively, with contingency meta-analysis conducted where sufficient comparable data are available and heterogeneity is acceptable. Prespecified subgroup analyses will be undertaken by occupational category, biomarker, cognitive domain, and exposure context, with meta-regression considered if an adequate number of studies are identified. Risk of bias will be assessed using JBI tools at the study level and ROBIS at the review level, with planned sensitivity analyses. The review will consolidate current evidence on PAH-related cognitive outcomes across occupational groups, including under-studied populations such as wildland firefighters, and will inform occupational health policy, workplace screening initiatives, and future research aimed at safeguarding cognitive health in exposed populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic exposure and allergic rhinitis: Network toxicology, and molecular docking insights.","authors":"Yaojun Wang, Dandan Xu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334162","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microplastics (MPs), ubiquitous environmental pollutants, are increasingly associated with global health risks, yet their role in allergic rhinitis (AR) pathogenesis remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Toxicity profiles of four typical MPs (polyethylene [PE], polypropylene [PP], polyvinyl chloride [PVC], polystyrene [PS]) were evaluated using ADMETlab 3.0. MP-related targets and AR-associated genes were integrated from the CTD database and GSE43523 dataset. Functional enrichment (GO/KEGG) and PPI network analysis (STRING/GeneMANIA) were performed on overlapping genes. LASSO regression and expression validation identified key targets, and molecular docking (Autodock Vina) assessed interactions with potential therapeutics predicted by CTD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADMET analysis revealed MPs exhibit significant respiratory toxicity and ocular toxicity. We identified 301 MP toxicity targets, 1,026 AR differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 15 overlapping pathogenic targets. Functional enrichment (GO/KEGG) demonstrated MPs disrupt respiratory mucosal homeostasis via apoptosis, mitochondrial autophagy, and inflammatory pathways. PPI network analysis and LASSO regression pinpointed DNAJB9, SQSTM1, and MAPK9 as core mediators: these genes were significantly downregulated in AR patients (P < 0.05) and displayed robust diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.82-0.93). Molecular docking revealed resveratrol binds these targets with high affinity, surpassing SQSTM1 (-5.8 kcal/mol) and MAPK9 (-6.8 kcal/mol), suggesting its potential to block MP-induced dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MPs drive AR pathogenesis through respiratory toxicity pathways, with DNAJB9, SQSTM1, and MAPK9 serving as critical molecular mediators. Resveratrol, by modulating target-mediated programmed cell death, emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating MP-induced AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's preferences for features and designs of KN95-style respirators: A comparative study between Indonesia and Nepal.","authors":"Sarah Nila, Chandika Shrestha, Hastin M Maharti, Claire J Horwell, Dicky C Pelupessy, Rachel L Kendal, Meghnath Dhimal, Judith Covey","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334116","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is a global crisis, posing significant health risks to humans. Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of particulate air pollution, and the use of respiratory protection could reduce their exposure. Certified, well-fitting respirators have been shown to effectively filter airborne particles and are increasingly available for children in non-occupational settings. However, their effectiveness relies on proper fit and consistent use. Understanding children's perspectives on wearing respiratory protection, specifically their preferences for different types and styles of respirators, is crucial. To explore these issues, 12 focus group discussions were conducted in January 2023 with 116 children aged 6-12 years living in Kathmandu, Nepal (N = 67) and Bandung, Indonesia (N = 49). Participants were recruited from public and private schools in each city using purposive sampling to ensure diversity in age, gender and socio-economic background. Focus groups were held in school settings and facilitated by local researchers in the children's native languages. Children were shown seven different respirators and asked questions about their preferred styles and features. Statistical analyses using Wilcoxon one-sample tests and ordinal regression showed the most popular types of respirators had ear-loops rather than head-straps and some features (e.g., patterned rather than plain masks) were more popular with certain groups (e.g., younger children). These results suggest that respirator manufacturers should ideally offer a variety of styles or designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin therapy and mortality in critically ill heart failure patients: Insights from a triangulated real-world design study.","authors":"Li Wang, Yibing Wang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334822","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is aimed to evaluate the association between statin therapy and intermediate-term survival in critically ill patients with heart failure (HF). Using a real-world retrospective cohort from the MIMIC-IV database, we assessed all-cause mortality at 90 and 180 days following ICU admission. To reduce confounding factors, we applied a triangulated analytic framework incorporating propensity score matching, inverse probability of treatment weighting and standardized mortality ratio weighting. Survival outcomes were additionally examined across different statin types, including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and pitavastatin, using stratified Kaplan-Meier analysis. Among over 8,000 eligible patients, statin use during hospitalization was consistently associated with reduced mortality at both time points across all models. Stratified survival curves showed comparable trends among the different statin types. These findings suggest a potential class-wide survival benefit of statin therapy in the ICU setting for HF patients and highlight the need for further studies to determine whether specific statin selection offers additional clinical advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The persistence of cross-cutting discussion in a politicized public sphere","authors":"Diana C. Mutz","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2516942122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516942122","url":null,"abstract":"Although studies of Americans’ general discussant networks have been repeated over time, research that assesses change in the nature of Americans’ <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">political</jats:italic> discussion networks has yet to be conducted in nationally representative probability surveys. In this study I answer two questions about the quality of the American public sphere that have generated widespread speculation, but little evidence to date. First, how have Americans’ political discussion networks changed over the past 25 y? Second, are the consequences of these changes what one would expect based on previous theory linking Americans’ interpersonal information environments to political tolerance and political participation? I resolve competing claims suggesting that people feel less free to discuss politics, with claims suggesting instead that political discussion now permeates everyday life to a greater extent than in the past. Findings suggest widespread increases in political discussion, changes driven almost entirely by increases in like-minded political discussion partners. Surprisingly, Americans are no more or less likely to engage in conversations across lines of political difference. The predicted consequences of these fluctuations confirm an intrinsic tension between characteristics valued in democratic citizens. Political tolerance has declined significantly, along with decreased awareness of rationales for others’ relative to one’s own views. Political participation is significantly higher on average than 25 y ago. Few people reported engaging with online political discussants, despite efforts to make sure they were included in network measures.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}