综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Linked nitrogen and carbon dynamics reveal distinct pools and patterns in a deep, weathered bedrock rhizosphere","authors":"Kelsey L. Crutchfield-Peters, Daniella M. Rempe, Alison K. Tune, Todd E. Dawson","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2400452122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400452122","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients to forest productivity worldwide. Recently, it has been established that diverse ecosystems source a substantial fraction of their water from weathered bedrock, leading to questions about whether root-driven nitrogen cycling extends into weathered bedrock as well. In this study, we specifically examined nitrogen dynamics using specialized instrumentation distributed across a 16 m weathered bedrock vadose zone (WBVZ) underlying an old growth forest in northern California where the rhizosphere—composed of plant roots and their associated microbiome—extends meters into rock. We documented total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate), and CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> gases every 1.5 m to 16 m depth for 2 y. We found that TDN concentrations increased with depth, were an order of magnitude greater at 15 m than in the upper 30 cm, and that the majority of TDN throughout the weathered bedrock vadose zone was organic. We also found that TDN concentrations are influenced by depth, season, and interannual precipitation patterns. Carbon isotope composition of the DOC suggests that dissolved organic matter in the WBVZ is primarily derived from plant sources, and not the nitrogen-rich bedrock. We conclude that nitrogen dynamics in the WBVZ may be driven, in part, by an active rhizosphere, meters below the base of soil, and we argue that weathered bedrock horizons may play a key role in C-N cycling in ecosystems with deep-rooted plants.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable and cost-efficient hydrogen production using platinum clusters at minimal loading.","authors":"Hongliang Zeng,Zheng Chen,Qiu Jiang,Qingtian Zhong,Yuan Ji,Yizhen Chen,Jiawei Li,Chunxiao Liu,Runhao Zhang,Jialin Tang,Xiaoxia Xiong,Zhongyue Zhang,Zhaoyang Chen,Yizhou Dai,Chengbo Li,Yinfang Chen,Donghao Zhao,Xu Li,Tingting Zheng,Xin Xu,Chuan Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59450-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59450-6","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis stands as a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, although its viability hinges on minimizing platinum (Pt) usage without sacrificing catalytic efficiency. Central to this challenge is enhancing the intrinsic activity of Pt while ensuring the stability of the catalyst. We herein present a Mo2TiC2 MXene-supported Pt nanocluster catalyst (Mo2TiC2-PtNC) that requires a minimal Pt content (36 μg cm-2) to function, yet remains highly active and stable. Operando spectroscopy and theoretical simulation provide evidence for anomalous charge transfer from the MXene substrate to PtNC, thus generating highly efficient electron-rich Pt sites for robust hydrogen evolution. When incorporated into a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, the catalyst affords more than 8700 h at 200 mA cm-2 under ambient temperature with a decay rate of just 2.2 μV h-1. All the performance metrics of the present Mo2TiC2-PtNC catalysts are on par with or even surpass those of current hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts under identical operation conditions, thereby challenging the monopoly of high-loading Pt/C-20% in the current electrolyzer design.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":"4314"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicists turn lead into gold — for a fraction of a second","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01484-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01484-3","url":null,"abstract":"Colliding beams of lead create fast-moving, short-lived gold ions. Understanding the process could help to refine particle accelerator experiments.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microheater hotspot engineering for spatially resolved and repeatable multi-level switching in foundry-processed phase change silicon photonics","authors":"Hongyi Sun, Chuanyu Lian, Francis Vásquez-Aza, Sadra Rahimi Kari, Yi-Siou Huang, Alessandro Restelli, Steven A. Vitale, Ichiro Takeuchi, Juejun Hu, Nathan Youngblood, Georges Pavlidis, Carlos A. Ríos Ocampo","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59399-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59399-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonvolatile photonic integrated circuits employing phase change materials have relied either on optical switching with precise multi-level control but poor scalability or electrical switching with seamless integration and scalability but mostly limited to a binary response. The main limitation of the latter is relying on stochastic nucleation, since its random nature hinders the repeatability of multi-level states. Here, we show engineered waveguide-integrated microheaters to achieve precise spatial control of the temperature profile (i.e., hotspot) and, thus, switch deterministic areas of an embedded phase change material. We experimentally demonstrate this concept using a variety of foundry-processed doped-silicon microheaters on a silicon-on-insulator platform featuring Sb₂Se₃ or Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te and achieve 27 cycles with 7 repeatable levels each. We further characterize the microheaters’ response using Transient Thermoreflectance Imaging. Our microstructure engineering concept demonstrates the evasive repeatable multi-levels employing a single microheater device, which is necessary for robust and energy-efficient reprogrammable phase change photonics in analog processing and computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capivasertib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: phase 3 CAPItello-291 study extended Chinese cohort","authors":"Xichun Hu, Qingyuan Zhang, Tao Sun, Huihua Xiong, Wei Li, Yuee Teng, Yen-Shen Lu, Ling-Ming Tseng, Min Yan, Hongsheng Li, Danmei Pang, Shin-Cheh -Chen, Wenyan Chen, Ou Jiang, Jingfen Wang, Xinhong Wu, Xian Wang, Aimin Zang, Xiaojia Wang, Julie M. Collins, Ethan Fan, Lin Jiang, Xiaoling Zeng, Nicholas C. Turner","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59210-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59210-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the global CAPItello-291 randomized phase 3 study (NCT04305496) in patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer and progression during/after aromatase inhibitor treatment, capivasertib–fulvestrant significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in the overall population and patients with <i>PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN</i>-altered tumors versus placebo–fulvestrant. We assessed efficacy and safety of capivasertib–fulvestrant in a prespecified exploratory analysis of a Chinese cohort (<i>n</i> = 24) and extended study with the same protocol (<i>n</i> = 110). Clinically meaningful PFS benefit for capivasertib–fulvestrant was observed in the overall population (median PFS: 6.9 [capivasertib–fulvestrant] versus 2.8 [placebo–fulvestrant] months; hazard ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.34–0.76), patients with <i>PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN</i>-altered tumors (<i>n</i> = 46; 5.7 versus 1.9 months; hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.85) and <i>PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN</i>-non-altered tumors (patients with confirmed next-generation sequencing results [<i>n</i> = 68]; 9.2 versus 2.7 months; hazard ratio 0.38; 95% CI 0.21–0.68). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) with capivasertib–fulvestrant were diarrhea (60.6% versus 11.3% with placebo–fulvestrant) and hyperglycemia (57.7% versus 17.7%). AEs leading to capivasertib–fulvestrant discontinuation were reported in 11.3% of patients versus 3.2% for placebo–fulvestrant. The benefit-risk profile of capivasertib–fulvestrant in the Chinese cohort was favorable; further exploration in patients with <i>PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN</i>-non-altered tumors is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"337 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-transistor organic electrochemical neurons","authors":"Junpeng Ji, Dace Gao, Han-Yan Wu, Miao Xiong, Nevena Stajkovic, Claudia Latte Bovio, Chi-Yuan Yang, Francesca Santoro, Deyu Tu, Simone Fabiano","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59587-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59587-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuromorphic devices that mimic the energy-efficient sensing and processing capabilities of biological neurons hold significant promise for developing bioelectronic systems capable of precise sensing and adaptive stimulus-response. However, current silicon-based technologies lack biocompatibility and rely on operational principles that differ from those of biological neurons. Organic electrochemical neurons (OECNs) address these shortcomings but typically require multiple components, limiting their integration density and scalability. Here, we report a single-transistor OECN (1T–OECN) that leverages the hysteretic switching of organic electrochemical memtransistors (OECmTs) based on poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline). By tuning the electrolyte and driving voltage, the OECmTs switch between high- and low-resistance states, enabling action potential generation, dynamic spiking, and logic operations within a single device with dimensions comparable to biological neurons. The compact 1T–OECN design (~180 µm² footprint) supports high–density integration, achieving over 62,500 neurons/cm² on flexible substrates. This advancement highlights the potential for scalable, bio-inspired neuromorphic computing and seamless integration with biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A plasmon-electron addressable and CMOS compatible random access memory","authors":"Shawn R. Greig,&nbsp;Curtis J. Firby,&nbsp;Triratna Muneshwar,&nbsp;Serhat Alagöz,&nbsp;Eric Hopmann,&nbsp;Brett N. Carnio,&nbsp;Mingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Grace Ciarniello,&nbsp;Kenneth Cadien,&nbsp;Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr1172","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr1172","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The rapid increase in data generation and storage poses substantial challenges, necessitating a transition from traditional charge-based devices to high-speed optical alternatives for computational tasks. Photon-assisted or plasmon-assisted memory devices emerge as promising solutions for facilitating faster read/write operations. By using surface plasmon polaritons for writing operations, we can dynamically read memory states through the measurement of tunneling currents in thin layers of HfO₂ ferroelectric materials sandwiched between Au thin film electrodes. Our plasmon-addressable memory platform offers versatile functionality in both nanoelectronic and nanoplasmonic systems, demonstrating a robust hybrid architecture with transformative potential for computing and data processing applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adr1172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential mantle origin for precursor rocks of high-Mg impact glass beads in Chang’e-5 soil","authors":"Chen-Long Ding,&nbsp;Alexander Nemchin,&nbsp;Tim Johnson,&nbsp;Marc D. Norman,&nbsp;Yue Guan,&nbsp;Lan-Lan Tian,&nbsp;Wen-Li Xie,&nbsp;Lin-Sen Li,&nbsp;Sheng-Di Zhou,&nbsp;Ke-Xin Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv9019","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adv9019","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The chemical compositions of most lunar impact glass beads reflect mixing of crustal components including mare basalts, highlands rocks, and KREEP [from high concentrations of K, REE (rare earth element), and P]. However, a few glass beads in the soil from the Chang’e-5 mission have unusually high MgO contents that require distinct target compositions. The young age of these high-MgO glass beads suggests an origin through impact melting of ultramafic target rocks with abundant pyroxene and olivine. While such targets might represent cumulates of mare basalts, impact melts, or Mg-suite rocks, they appear unlike any sampled lunar lithologies. Alternatively, these high-Mg beads might be sampling the upper mantle brought to the surface by the Imbrium basin–forming event.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adv9019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural maturation of the matrix lattice is not required for HIV-1 particle infectivity","authors":"Long Chen,&nbsp;Yuta Hikichi,&nbsp;Juan S. Rey,&nbsp;Caner Akil,&nbsp;Yanan Zhu,&nbsp;Hana Veler,&nbsp;Yao Shen,&nbsp;Juan R. Perilla,&nbsp;Eric O. Freed,&nbsp;Peijun Zhang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv4356","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adv4356","url":null,"abstract":"<div >During HIV-1 maturation, the matrix (MA) lattice underlying the viral membrane undergoes a structural rearrangement, and the newly released capsid (CA) protein forms a mature CA. While it is well established that CA formation is essential for particle infectivity, the functional role of MA structural maturation remains unclear. Here, we examine maturation of an MA triple mutant, L20K/E73K/A82T, which, despite replicating similarly to wild-type (WT) in some cell lines, exhibits distinct biochemical behaviors that suggest altered MA-MA interactions. Cryo–electron tomography with subtomogram averaging reveals that, although the MA lattice in immature L20K/E73K/A82T virions closely resembles that of the WT, mature L20K/E73K/A82T virions lack a detectable MA lattice. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this absence results from destabilized inter-trimer MA interactions in mature L20K/E73K/A82T mutant virions. These findings suggest that an ordered, membrane-associated mature MA lattice is not essential for HIV-1 infectivity, providing insights into the structural requirements for HIV-1 particle maturation and generation of infectious particles.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adv4356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moiré ferroelectricity modulates light emission from a semiconductor monolayer","authors":"Dong Seob Kim,&nbsp;Chengxin Xiao,&nbsp;Roy C. Dominguez,&nbsp;Zhida Liu,&nbsp;Hamza Abudayyeh,&nbsp;Kyoungpyo Lee,&nbsp;Rigo Mayorga-Luna,&nbsp;Hyunsue Kim,&nbsp;Kenji Watanabe,&nbsp;Takashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Chih-Kang Shih,&nbsp;Yoichi Miyahara,&nbsp;Wang Yao,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Li","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt7789","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt7789","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Semiconductor moiré superlattices, characterized by their periodic spatial light emission, unveil a new paradigm of engineered photonic materials. Here, we show that ferroelectric moiré domains formed in a twisted hexagonal boron nitride (t-hBN) substrate can modulate light emission from an adjacent semiconductor MoSe₂ monolayer. The electrostatic potential at the surface of the t-hBN substrate provides a simple way to confine excitons in the MoSe₂ monolayer. The excitons confined within the domains and at the domain walls are spectrally separated because of a pronounced Stark shift. Moreover, the patterned light emission can be dynamically controlled by electrically gating the ferroelectric domains, introducing a functionality beyond other semiconductor moiré superlattices. Our findings chart an exciting pathway for integrating nanometer-scale moiré ferroelectric domains with various optically active functional layers, paving the way for advanced nanophotonics and metasurfaces.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt7789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}