综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Stabilization toward air and structure determination of pyrophoric ZnR2 compounds via supramolecular encapsulation","authors":"Kamil Sokołowski,&nbsp;Iwona Justyniak,&nbsp;Michał Terlecki,&nbsp;David Fairen-Jimenez,&nbsp;Wojciech Bury,&nbsp;Krzysztof Budny-Godlewski,&nbsp;Jan Nawrocki,&nbsp;Marek Kościelski,&nbsp;Janusz Lewiński","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt7372","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt7372","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Dialkylzincs (ZnR₂, R = Me or Et) are widely used reagents in organic synthesis and materials chemistry. However, at standard conditions, they exist as pyrophoric liquids reacting violently with water and dioxygen, thus being dangerous and difficult to use in daily laboratory work. Here, we show that these zinc dialkyls can be efficiently stabilized toward air by supramolecular encapsulation within a host system based on heteroleptic alkylzinc complexes. The noncovalent immobilization of ZnR₂ molecules within the resultant crystalline networks allows their structural characterization in a new confined environment. The great potential of the reported assemblies is demonstrated by efficient separation of ZnMe₂ from a mixture of ZnMe₂/ZnEt₂. The reported approach paves the way for original supramolecular systems for capture, stabilization, and storage of dangerous reagents.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt7372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrane accretion explains thin and hot ocean-continent back-arcs","authors":"Zoltán Erdős,&nbsp;Ritske S. Huismans,&nbsp;Sebastian G. Wolf,&nbsp;Claudio Faccenna","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq8444","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq8444","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The origin of hot ocean-continent back-arc regions with very thin mantle lithosphere and very high surface heat flow in both extensional and contractional ocean-continent subduction systems is highly enigmatic and unresolved. These first-order characteristics have often been explained with either convective mantle lithosphere removal or by back-arc extension. However, it is unclear what may cause the proposed convective thinning and/or delamination of eclogitic lower crust over very wide regions, whereas back-arc extension is either not observed or insufficient to explain the observed very thin mantle lithosphere. Notably, many of these ocean-continent systems have a long history of terrane accretion. Here, we show, using thermomechanical model experiments, that terrane accretion provides a consistent explanation for the observed key characteristics and naturally leads to rheologically weak back-arcs with continental crust directly on top of the hot sublithospheric mantle.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adq8444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical-generative downscaling of climate model ensembles","authors":"Ignacio Lopez-Gomez, Zhong Yi Wan, Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez, Tapio Schneider, John Anderson, Fei Sha","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2420288122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2420288122","url":null,"abstract":"Regional high-resolution climate projections are crucial for many applications, such as agriculture, hydrology, and natural hazard risk assessment. Dynamical downscaling, the state-of-the-art method to produce localized future climate information, involves running a regional climate model (RCM) driven by an Earth System Model (ESM), but it is too computationally expensive to apply to large climate projection ensembles. We propose an approach combining dynamical downscaling with generative AI to reduce the cost and improve the uncertainty estimates of downscaled climate projections. In our framework, an RCM dynamically downscales ESM output to an intermediate resolution, followed by a generative diffusion model that further refines the resolution to the target scale. This approach leverages the generalizability of physics-based models and the sampling efficiency of diffusion models, enabling the downscaling of large multimodel ensembles. We evaluate our method against dynamically downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) ensemble. Our results demonstrate its ability to provide more accurate uncertainty bounds on future regional climate than alternatives such as dynamical downscaling of smaller ensembles, or traditional empirical statistical downscaling methods. We also show that dynamical-generative downscaling results in significantly lower errors than popular statistical downscaling techniques, and captures more accurately the spectra, tail dependence, and multivariate correlations of meteorological fields. These characteristics make the dynamical-generative framework a flexible, accurate, and efficient way to downscale large ensembles of climate projections, currently out of reach for pure dynamical downscaling.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of simplex compression in adversarial deep neural networks","authors":"Yang Cao, Yanbo Chen, Weiwei Liu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2421593122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421593122","url":null,"abstract":"Neural collapse (NC) reveals that the last layer of the network can capture data representations, leading to similar outputs for examples within the same class, while outputs for examples from different classes form a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF) structure. This phenomenon has garnered significant attention due to its implications on the intrinsic properties of neural networks. Interestingly, we observe a simplex compression phenomenon in NC, where the geometric size of the simplex ETF reduces under adversarial training, with the degree of compression increasing as the perturbation radius grows. We provide empirical evidence supporting the existence of simplex compression across a wide range of models and datasets. Furthermore, we establish a rigorous theoretical framework that explains our experimental observations, offering insights into NC under adversarial conditions.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hundreds more NSF grants terminated after agency director resigns","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01312-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01312-8","url":null,"abstract":"Sethuraman Panchanathan abruptly leaves helm of US funding agency after Elon Musk’s DOGE arrives.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for the Research Article: “Multivalent supramolecular fluorescent probes for accurate disease imaging” by Q. Wu et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx9431","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adx9431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obliquity disruption and Antarctic ice sheet dynamics over a 2.4-Myr astronomical grand cycle","authors":"Nicholas B. Sullivan,&nbsp;Stephen R. Meyers,&nbsp;Richard H. Levy,&nbsp;Robert M. McKay,&nbsp;Tina van de Flierdt,&nbsp;James Marschalek,&nbsp;Matteo Perotti,&nbsp;Luca Zurli,&nbsp;Franco Talarico,&nbsp;David Harwood,&nbsp;Laura De Santis,&nbsp;Fabio Florindo,&nbsp;Tim R. Naish,&nbsp;Georgia R. Grant,&nbsp;Molly O. Patterson,&nbsp;Expedition 374 scientists","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adl1996","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adl1996","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Marine δ¹⁸O data reveal astronomical forcing of the climate and cryosphere during the Miocene, when atmospheric <i>P</i><span>co</span>₂ was on par with emissions scenarios over the next century. This inspired hypotheses for how Milankovitch cycles, ice-ocean interactions, and greenhouse gases influence ice volume. Mass balance controls for marine and terrestrial ice sheets differ, and proxy data collected far from Antarctica provide valuable but limited insight into regional processes. We evaluate clast abundance data from Antarctic marine sedimentary records, observing a strong signal of eccentricity and precession coincident with a terrestrial ice sheet and a clear obliquity signal at the margins of a marine ice sheet. These analyses are integrated with a synthesis of proxy data, and we argue that high variance in obliquity forcing (mediated and enhanced by the ocean and atmosphere) can inhibit ice sheet growth, even when insolation forcing is conducive to glaciation. This “obliquity disruption” explains cryosphere variability before the existence of large northern hemisphere ice sheets.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adl1996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for the Research Article: “Regulation of tumor immune suppression and cancer cell survival by CXCL1/2 elevation in glioblastoma multiforme” by J. Hu et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx9887","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adx9887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A suppression-modification gene drive for malaria control targeting the ultra-conserved RNA gene mir-184","authors":"Sebald A. N. Verkuijl, Giuseppe Del Corsano, Paolo Capriotti, Pei-Shi Yen, Maria Grazia Inghilterra, Prashanth Selvaraj, Astrid Hoermann, Aida Martinez-Sanchez, Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu, Temesgen M. Kebede, Dina Vlachou, George K. Christophides, Nikolai Windbichler","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-58954-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58954-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gene drive technology presents a promising approach to controlling malaria vector populations. Suppression drives are intended to disrupt essential mosquito genes whereas modification drives aim to reduce the individual vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. Here we present a highly efficient homing gene drive in the African malaria vector <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> that targets the microRNA gene mir-184 and combines suppression with modification. Homozygous gene drive (miR-184^D) individuals incur significant fitness costs, including high mortality following a blood meal, that curtail their propensity for malaria transmission. We attribute this to a role of miR-184 in regulating solute transport in the mosquito gut. However, females remain fully fertile, and pure-breeding miR-184^D populations suitable for large-scale releases can be reared under laboratory conditions. Cage invasion experiments show that miR-184^D can spread to fixation thereby reducing population fitness, while being able to propagate a separate antimalarial effector gene at the same time. Modelling indicates that the miR-184^D drive integrates aspects of population suppression and population replacement strategies into a candidate strain that should be evaluated further as a tool for malaria eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering aptamer-directed phosphatase recruiting chimeras: a strategy for modulating receptor function and overcoming drug resistance","authors":"Zhilan Zhou, Yichang Liu, Ya Wang, Hang Jiang, Tingting Chen, Yingdi Zhu, Ting Fu, Juan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59098-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular signal transduction, underscoring their significance as targets for drug therapy. Despite the widespread clinical use of kinase inhibitors, the increasing occurrence of off-target effects and drug resistance makes it urgent to explore alternative approaches to modulate RTKs functions. Here, we propose an approach for attenuating cell-surface receptor signaling, termed Aptamer-directed Phosphatase Recruiting Chimeras (Apt-PRCs). The Apt-PRC is composed of an aptamer to recruit phosphatases and a binder to target receptors. As a proof-of-concept, we design and construct Apt-PRCs intended for direct dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor targets, <i>i.e</i>., epidermal growth factor receptor and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, respectively. The as-developed Apt-PRCs manage to inhibit specifically and efficiently the reception and transmission of phosphorylation signals both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it is discovered that the induced dephosphorylation could enhance the susceptibility to gefitinib in drug-resistant cancer cells and a xenograft mouse model, indicating the potential of Apt-PRCs to overcome drug resistance in cancer. This work offers a versatile methodology to design molecular mediators to modulate receptor phosphorylation so as to regulate the downstream signal transduction and overcome drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}