Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"High Ionic Conductivity of Sb2O3 Added Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Ceramic for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications","authors":"Swati G. Bansod,&nbsp;A. V. Deshpande","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00924-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00924-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A NASICON-type solid electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃(LATP) ceramic was prepared using the sol–gel synthesis technique. To improve the ionic conductivity of LATP ceramic, Sb₂O₃ was added. The effect of Sb₂O₃ on the structural, microstructural, and ionic conductivity of the LATP ceramic was investigated. IR spectra were studied to determine the structural groups present in the ceramic samples. The highest bulk conductivity of 3.95 × 10^–3 Scm⁻¹ at room temperature, a relative density of 84.01%, and a low activation energy of 0.17 eV is obtained for the 1wt% Sb₂O₃ added LATP ceramic. The Sb₂O₃ added LATP ceramics can be a promising electrolyte material for solid-state lithium-ion battery applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"241 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Solution of Faculty Selection Problem Using the Concept of Edge Coloring of m-polar Fuzzy Graph","authors":"Nupur Patra,&nbsp;Tanmoy Mahapatra,&nbsp;Madhumangal Pal","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00928-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00928-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Edge colouring for crisp graphs is a well-defined topic. However, fuzzy graph edge coloring was very recently developed. In a <i>m</i>-polar fuzzy network, however, we have to take into account <i>m</i> components for each node and edge. Since this idea has just one component, we cannot handle this kind of circumstance with a fuzzy model for we consider <i>m</i> components for both nodes and edges in our consideration. Again, we cannot utilize the bipolar or intuitionistic models because every edge or node in the fuzzy network consists of simply two components. Therefore, these <i>m</i>PFG models yield fuzziness discoveries more effectively than earlier fuzzy models. Additionally, creating and examining these kinds of <i>m</i>PFGs with instances and associated theorems is quite intriguing. Considering all those things together, defining edge colouring for <i>m</i>PFG needs some new ideas. In this article, we studied edge colouring for <i>m</i>PFG along with many interesting associated properties. Here, the chromatic index as well as its generalizations and interconnected facts are thoroughly investigated. Here, we also find chromatic numbers as well as strong chromatic numbers on some well-known <i>m</i>PFG. A relation between chromatic numbers and the strong chromatic number has been discussed here. We also give an alternative form of edge colouring with the help of node colouring based on the <i>m</i>PF line graph. Both processes have been discussed thoroughly in step-by-step methods along with prescribed examples. We introduced an algorithm for edge colouring on <i>m</i>PFG. Lastly, a real-life application based on edge colouring for <i>m</i>PFG has been discussed to show the usefulness of the proposed method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"137 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homotopy Analysis Method for Burgers’ Equation: Application of Gradient Descent Approach","authors":"Mahesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ranjan Kumar Jana","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00922-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00922-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proposed analysis contribute an essential analysis towards comprehensive and theoretical grasp the how the existing gradient descent algorithm (GDA) beneficial efficiently on homotopy analysis technique. To illustrate the idea, we consider the fundamental Burgers’ equation which is one the simplest nonlinear model. The majority of PDEs has been evaluating by considering either an approximate analytical approach or numerical owing to the occurrence of severe nonlinearity. Further, among several approximation techniques, the HAM, shows better results and regulate the region of convergence of computed closed form solution due to presence of auxiliary parameter <span>(hslash)</span>. In HAM, choosing <span>(hslash)</span> values is based on trial and error approach and due to this solution might be diverges. Therefore, it is necessary to determine convergence to the correct solution and ensure correctness. To do so, the well established GDA is the proper choice for obtaining the precise solution by establish the accurate values of <span>(hslash)</span>. The results of obtained from GDA are validated with already-reported analytical and numerical results from the literature in order to confirm the efficacy of the proposed method. The work proposed here would be advantageous for solving the different kinds of nonlinear models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"221 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Certain Volterra-Type Integral Equations Involving k, p − k and p, s, k Mittag–Leffler Functions","authors":"Chander Prakash Samar,&nbsp;Hemlata Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00912-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00912-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present paper, we investigate three theorems of the Volterra type containing <span>(k, p-k)</span> and <span>(p,s,k)</span> Mittag–Leffler functions. Moreover, the Laplace transforms of the <span>(k, p-k)</span> and <span>(p,s,k)</span> Mittag–Leffler functions are derived here. The solutions to these problems were obtained by the Laplace transform method. In some special cases, new and known results are also obtained here. The acquired results are suitable in the fields of applied science, physics, engineering, and technology. The novelty of this work lies in their enhanced modeling capabilities, improved solution methods, and interdisciplinary applicability, making them a powerful tool for understanding complex systems across various fields. Also, the special function involved here can be reduced to simple functions; those have a variety of applications in different areas of science and technology. In the future, researchers can do more work on Volterra-type integrals and differential equations using various types of special functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"211 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Public Health Challenges at Kumbh Mela 2025 in India: An FMEA-Based Resource Management Framework","authors":"Ashok Kumar Kanaujiya,&nbsp;Vineet Tiwari","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00921-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00921-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kumbh Mela, one of the world’s largest religious gatherings, poses significant public health and logistical challenges due to the influx of millions of pilgrims. This study employs a comprehensive Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and a resource allocation model to identify and address potential risks associated with infectious disease transmission during the event. The FMEA model was developed to systematically evaluate the key processes involved in managing infectious diseases during the Kumbh Mela 2025. The FMEA was conducted across five critical areas: sanitation facilities, healthcare services, security and crowd management, food safety and inspection, and public awareness and communication. The process involved mapping key activities, identifying potential failures, assessing their impact, and prioritizing mitigation strategies based on Risk Priority Numbers (RPN). Key findings reveal high-risk failure modes, such as insufficient sanitation facilities and inadequate food safety inspections, which necessitate strategic interventions. The resource allocation model was developed to optimize the distribution of 5,000 available resource units, aiming to minimize the deviation between allocated resources and actual demand. Results indicate significant shortfalls in sanitation and food safety, highlighting the need for innovative solutions and strategic partnerships to enhance service delivery. The study recommends leveraging technological innovations, such as AI-driven analytics and telemedicine, and engaging community volunteers as health ambassadors to mitigate risks and improve resource management. These insights provide a robust framework for enhancing preparedness and response capabilities, offering valuable implications for the management of future mass gatherings worldwide. By integrating data-driven decision-making and collaborative strategies, event organizers can ensure the health and safety of attendees, delivering a successful and safe Kumbh Mela 2025.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"229 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transistor Evolution: A Comprehensive Overview from TFT to TFET and Beyond","authors":"Umamaheshwar Soma","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00915-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00915-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides an exhaustive review of the development and advancements in the evolution of various transistor types, such as Thin Film Transistors (TFTs), Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI), High-K Metal Gate Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), FinFETs, Double-Gate Transistors, Trigate Transistors, GAAFETs, and Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs). Moreover, it shows how FinFETs can be effectively integrated with high density by using the three-dimensional configuration to improve short-channel effects control. Double-gate transistors can be used instead of MOSFETs with electrostatic control superiority. On the other hand, Trigate Transistors are known for their speed and power efficiency. GAAFETs have gate-all-around architecture, which helps in electrostatic control and minimizes leakage current. Lastly, TFETs operate under reverse bias and have tunneling to conduct current; they are efficient in terms of energy and speed. This review highlights the excellent journey of the development of transistors from the first one in 1947. All the different transistors and their strengths and weaknesses find niches in applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"113 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometry of Umbrella Matrices in Lorentz Space","authors":"Mert Çarboğa,&nbsp;Yusuf Yaylı","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00918-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00918-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, umbrella matrices in Lorentz space are examined for the first time in the context of Lie groups and Lie algebra. The relationship between the Euclidean and Lorentz Umbrella Lie groups is presented through a different approach, and a new dual transformation is defined between their Lie Algebra. In addition, the characterization of double-umbrella matrices is obtained using a different Lorentzian metric.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"201 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40010-025-00918-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Router Chip with RSA Embedded Security for Delay and Power Study in Sensory Data Communication","authors":"Prateek Agarwal,&nbsp;Tanuj Kumar Garg,&nbsp;Adesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00916-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00916-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wireless sensor networks are a relatively new class of networks that have recently attracted a lot of attention from academia and business. If there are enough redundant nodes available to keep the network functioning and connected in the event of node failures, the network's ability to self-organize makes it robust and fault-tolerant. The router, which plays a key role in organizing the data flow, is the brain of an on-chip network. The main components of the WSNs are the routers, which oversee sending messages and publishing-subscribe events between senders and receivers. A high level of parallelism and a fast on-chip router are both made possible by allowing routing functions for each input port and utilizing distributed arbiters. The research article focuses on the hardware chip design of mesh configured network on chip routers chip with embedding RSA cryptographic algorithm. The chip design is done in Xilinx ISE, simulated in Modelsim with different key sizes, and analyzed on Virtex-5 field programmable gate array. The performance of the network is evaluated using delay and power as the major indices with different key lengths and the design has proven the maximum frequency support of 347.00 MHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"163 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Computing-Driven Framework for Enhanced Security in Medical Image Transmission","authors":"Satish Kumar,&nbsp;Masood Ahmad,&nbsp;Satish Kumar Maurya,&nbsp;Raghvendra Pratap,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Chaurasia,&nbsp;Raees Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00919-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00919-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring the security of medical image transmission (SoMIT) is vital in healthcare settings, as it protects sensitive patient and healthcare data, enabling doctors to provide accurate and efficient treatment and optimal care. This research focuses on enhancing SoMIT over hospital communication networks using a soft computing-driven framework (Hybrid Fuzzy-AHP) method within the Multiple-Criteria Group Decision Making (MCGDM) technique. The Hybrid Fuzzy-AHP method considers five critical medical image security (MIS) parameters: integrity [MS1], authentication [MS2], confidentiality [MS3], access control [MS4], and availability [MS5]. Furthermore, this soft computing technique assigns weighted prioritization to each MIS parameter, indicating that integrity holds the highest impact, followed by authentication, confidentiality, access control, and availability. The MIS optimization outcome of 0.8075 signifies robust security according to the triangular fuzzy number (TFN) scale. These MIS security outcomes were validated using GNU Octave and MATLAB tools. Additionally, a comparison between the proposed Hybrid Fuzzy-AHP method and various MCGDM techniques shows that the proposed method outperforms other MCGDM techniques. This research significantly contributes to the development of secure and efficient medical image transmission (MIT) systems. The findings of this research have important implications for healthcare providers, enhancing the security and efficiency of MIT while improving the accuracy of patient treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"177 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bit Plane Slicing Concept Realization in Hardware Chip for Digital Image Processing","authors":"Sreesh Gaur,&nbsp;Akash Goel,&nbsp;Sherish Johri,&nbsp;Prince Gupta,&nbsp;Swasti Singhal,&nbsp;Ashima Arya","doi":"10.1007/s40010-025-00914-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40010-025-00914-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A technique for expressing an image in which each pixel is represented by one or more bits of the byte is known as bit plane slicing (BPS). The BPS method necessitates the use of a bit-slicing algorithm to include hidden data in any one of the eight slices. This method uses 8 bits to represent each pixel in an (8 × 8) image. The information in a grayscale image is encoded using 8 bits since each pixel's value falls between 0 and 255. Bit plane slicing is widely used in data hiding, image compression, and other related applications of image processing in security, privacy, encryption-decryption, health care data processing, and so on. The research article provides bit plane slicing concept realization in hardware chips for digital image processing in which the 4-bit and the 8-bit images are processed to estimate the different planes and corresponding values in Xilinx ISE14.7 software using VHDL programming. In the Modelsim 10.0 software, the functional simulation is carried out for these planes with various stimulation inputs to verify the functionality of the design.</p><p><b>Significance Statement </b> Bit plane slicing is a widely used concept used in digital image applications. The significance of the work is that the work provides the platform to realize the concept at the hardware chip level and how parallel processing can be used to provide the outputs in different planes based on 8-bit image processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":744,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences","volume":"95 2","pages":"151 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}