Addressing Public Health Challenges at Kumbh Mela 2025 in India: An FMEA-Based Resource Management Framework

The Kumbh Mela, one of the world’s largest religious gatherings, poses significant public health and logistical challenges due to the influx of millions of pilgrims. This study employs a comprehensive Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and a resource allocation model to identify and address potential risks associated with infectious disease transmission during the event. The FMEA model was developed to systematically evaluate the key processes involved in managing infectious diseases during the Kumbh Mela 2025. The FMEA was conducted across five critical areas: sanitation facilities, healthcare services, security and crowd management, food safety and inspection, and public awareness and communication. The process involved mapping key activities, identifying potential failures, assessing their impact, and prioritizing mitigation strategies based on Risk Priority Numbers (RPN). Key findings reveal high-risk failure modes, such as insufficient sanitation facilities and inadequate food safety inspections, which necessitate strategic interventions. The resource allocation model was developed to optimize the distribution of 5,000 available resource units, aiming to minimize the deviation between allocated resources and actual demand. Results indicate significant shortfalls in sanitation and food safety, highlighting the need for innovative solutions and strategic partnerships to enhance service delivery. The study recommends leveraging technological innovations, such as AI-driven analytics and telemedicine, and engaging community volunteers as health ambassadors to mitigate risks and improve resource management. These insights provide a robust framework for enhancing preparedness and response capabilities, offering valuable implications for the management of future mass gatherings worldwide. By integrating data-driven decision-making and collaborative strategies, event organizers can ensure the health and safety of attendees, delivering a successful and safe Kumbh Mela 2025.