Global Challenges最新文献

Correction to “Future Energy Breakthroughs–Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf” 更正“未来能源突破-对阿拉伯海湾碳氢化合物经济的影响”

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70011

Logan Cochrane, Dhabia Al Mohannadi, Sa'd Shannak, Yoshihide Wada, Esra Al Eisa, Mohamad Hejazi

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A Ray of Hope: Gamma Radiation for Microplastic Remediation (Global Challenges 6/2025) 希望之光：伽玛辐射用于微塑料修复（全球挑战6/2025）

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70010

Dhanalakshmi Vadivel, Claudio Casella, Adriana Laca, Mario Díaz, Daniele Dondi

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Prospects and Challenges of Proton Conducting Cerates in Electrochemical Hydrogen Devices for Clean Energy Systems: A Review 质子导电铈在清洁能源系统氢电化学装置中的应用前景与挑战

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500119

M. Khalid Hossain, Ranjit C. Das, M. Imran Hossain, M. Atikur Rahman, Prabhu Paramasivam, Ripel Chakma, Mongi Amami, Mohamed H. H. Mahmoud, R. Bousbih, Rajesh Haldhar, Kenichi Hashizume

{"title":"Prospects and Challenges of Proton Conducting Cerates in Electrochemical Hydrogen Devices for Clean Energy Systems: A Review","authors":"M. Khalid Hossain, Ranjit C. Das, M. Imran Hossain, M. Atikur Rahman, Prabhu Paramasivam, Ripel Chakma, Mongi Amami, Mohamed H. H. Mahmoud, R. Bousbih, Rajesh Haldhar, Kenichi Hashizume","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500119","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for green energy and global concern about environmental issues raise the demand for alternative, environmentally friendly energy sources. Electrochemical hydrogen devices are widely investigated as a potential solution for clean and renewable energy. Proton-conducting oxides (PCOs) used as an electrolyte are required in electrochemical devices to transport protons. Chemical stability and proton conductivity are essential properties to evaluate a suitable electrolyte for these devices. Doped cerate-based materials exhibit excellent proton conductivity and chemical stability, making them suitable as electrolyte materials for hydrogen devices. Techniques including doping, co-doping, sintering aid, and different fabrication processes enhance the proton conductivity and mechanical stability of proton-conducting materials. This paper highlights the current development of cerate-based PCOs used as an electrolyte in electrochemical devices named hydrogen pumps, hydrogen isotope separation systems, tritium recovery systems, and hydrogen sensors, which could be used in the nuclear fusion reactors, among other electrochemical hydrogen devices. The center part of this review paper summarizes the most recent research studies on these applications and offers a thorough understanding of the impact of doping, different synthesis methods, sintering aids, and operating environments on the composition, morphology, and performance of cerate electrolyte materials. The challenges and prospects of proton-conducting cerates are also discussed. This paper provides an insightful pathway for the researcher to further research in this field.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD) and CuFe2O4–CQD Composite Materials for Photo and Electrochemical Applications 碳量子点（CQD）和CuFe2O4-CQD光电复合材料的制备与表征

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500044

Esakkimuthu Shanmugasundaram, Amos Ravi, Nithesh Kumar Krishnan, Kannan Vellaisamy, Murali Krishnan Mani, Na'il Saleh, Stalin Thambusamy

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD) and CuFe2O4–CQD Composite Materials for Photo and Electrochemical Applications","authors":"Esakkimuthu Shanmugasundaram, Amos Ravi, Nithesh Kumar Krishnan, Kannan Vellaisamy, Murali Krishnan Mani, Na'il Saleh, Stalin Thambusamy","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500044","url":null,"abstract":"The Carbon quantum dots (CQD) is prepared from ascorbic acid, and the photophysical, structural, and metal sensing behavior of the CQD is investigated in detail. The negatively charged CQD, along with the vibrant functional groups, can absorb the positive charge ferric ion (Fe3+) and copper(II) ion or cupric ion (Cu2+) ions with the help of electrostatic attractive forces. In this process, the aggregation of CQD around the Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions results in confirmation that CQD is a fluorescence sensor probe that forms a metal complex, CQD-Fe3+ and CQD-Cu2+. The composite structural and functional group properties are investigated by the different analytical techniques. Moreover, the copper ferrite (CuFe2O4–CQD) electrochemical performances are evaluated in three and two-electrode systems by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The CuFe2O4–CQD electrode's specific capacitance value is 410 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 with 100% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. Moreover, the methylene blue dye degradation efficiency of CuFe2O4–CQD is 91% in 120 min. The CuFe2O4–CQD composite has a synergistic effect between the CQD and CuFe2O4, which delivers a higher photocatalytic effect because which reduced recombination and enhancing charge transport.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Energy Sources and Thermal Management Technologies for Electric Vehicle Batteries: A Technical Review 电动汽车电池的能源和热管理技术：技术综述

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500083

Md Atiqur Rahman, Gurrala Mohith Venu Reddy, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Soumili Hait, S. M. Mozammil Hasnain, Prabhu Paramasivam, Leliso Hobicho Dabelo

{"title":"Energy Sources and Thermal Management Technologies for Electric Vehicle Batteries: A Technical Review","authors":"Md Atiqur Rahman, Gurrala Mohith Venu Reddy, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Soumili Hait, S. M. Mozammil Hasnain, Prabhu Paramasivam, Leliso Hobicho Dabelo","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500083","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient thermal management of high-power lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is critical for ensuring safety, longevity, and performance in electric vehicles (EVs). Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) play a crucial role in regulating temperature, as LiBs are highly sensitive to thermal fluctuations. Excessive heat generation during charging and discharging can degrade battery performance, reduce lifespan, and pose safety risks. Traditional cooling methods, such as air and liquid cooling, often require additional power and complex components, making them less effective for high-energy–density batteries. As a result, recent advancements focus on immersion, indirect, and hybrid cooling solutions. Among these, phase change material (PCM)-based BTMS has emerged as a promising passive cooling approach. PCMs efficiently absorb and store heat, maintaining optimal battery temperature without external power. Their thermal performance is further enhanced by integrating expanded graphite (EG) fillers, metal foams, or fins, improving heat dissipation. This review examines recent progress (2019–2024) in BTMS technologies, with a particular focus on PCM applications in fast-charging conditions. It also discusses BTMS performance under extreme environments, such as high temperatures, sub-zero conditions, and abuse scenarios. Future research directions are highlighted to optimize BTMS for next-generation EVs, ensuring improved battery safety, efficiency, and thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Efficient Oxidative Polymerization of Hydroxytyrosol Using Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on a Magnetic Silica-Coated Nanocatalyst 磁性二氧化硅包覆纳米催化剂上固定化辣根过氧化物酶对羟基酪醇的高效氧化聚合

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500064

Fatih Sevim, Gülşah Aktaş, Hakan Kiziltaş, Fatih Demir, Taner Tekin

{"title":"Efficient Oxidative Polymerization of Hydroxytyrosol Using Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on a Magnetic Silica-Coated Nanocatalyst","authors":"Fatih Sevim, Gülşah Aktaş, Hakan Kiziltaş, Fatih Demir, Taner Tekin","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500064","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme-based catalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly and selective nature. However, the inability to recover enzymes after the reaction significantly increases operational costs. In this study, a reusable nanocatalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@APTES@GA@HRP is synthesized and applied in the oxidative polymerization of hydroxytyrosol. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are prepared using the solvothermal method, followed by silica coating via the Stöber process. Amino-functionalization is achieved with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is immobilized through glutaraldehyde (GA)-mediated azomethine bonding. The synthesized catalyst is characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, Q-TOF, ¹H-NMR, and Zetasizer analyses, all confirming successful immobilization. Polymerization reactions are conducted in acetate buffer (pH 5, 25 °C), resulting in a 73% yield. The catalyst is reusable for up to ten cycles, and the molecular weight of the produced poly(hydroxytyrosol) is approximately 30,000 g mol−1. These findings demonstrate the promising application of recyclable enzyme nanocatalysts in green polymer chemistry.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Dry Eye Disease: Oxidative Stress on Ocular Surface and Cutting-Edge Antioxidants 干眼病：眼表氧化应激和尖端抗氧化剂

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500068

Rong Hu, Jian Shi, Can-Ming Xie, Xiao-Lei Yao

{"title":"Dry Eye Disease: Oxidative Stress on Ocular Surface and Cutting-Edge Antioxidants","authors":"Rong Hu, Jian Shi, Can-Ming Xie, Xiao-Lei Yao","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500068","url":null,"abstract":"Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability, is pathologically linked to oxidative damage. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) across ocular tissues not only directly damages nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, but also functions as an upstream driver of inflammation and tear hyperosmolarity, collectively disrupting cellular homeostasis. This review comprehensively delineates the mechanistic interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and DED pathogenesis, synthesizing evidence on enzymatic/ nonenzymatic antioxidant alterations in samples of corneal, lacrimal, conjunctival, meibomian gland, and tear tissues, alongside quantitative profiling of OS biomarkers, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanisms of clinically approved and investigational antioxidants, including SKQ1, rebamipide, mitoquinone, elamipretide, lactoferrin, nanozymes, graphene quantum dots, tetrahedral frame of nucleic acids, and Chinese medicine monomers are critically evaluated. With the changes in the modern social environment and lifestyle, the influence of OS on DED is gradually expanding. Antioxidant-based interventions are poised to become cornerstone components of multimodal DED management strategies.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production and Characterization of Open Cell Cordierite from Boron and Waste Materials by Geopolymer Method for the Emission After Treatment System of Diesel Engines 用地聚合物法制备开孔堇青石用于柴油机排放后处理系统

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500048

Yavuz Ergun, Hakan Caliskan, Halil Ibrahim Karali

{"title":"Production and Characterization of Open Cell Cordierite from Boron and Waste Materials by Geopolymer Method for the Emission After Treatment System of Diesel Engines","authors":"Yavuz Ergun, Hakan Caliskan, Halil Ibrahim Karali","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500048","url":null,"abstract":"Porous geopolymer materials can be used in various fields such as thermal insulation, filtration, catalyst, and building materials. In this study, open porous geopolymer-based cordierite materials are produced due to the porous structure, temperature resistance, and easy and low-cost applications of geopolymer structures, which are oxide ceramic materials that can act as natural catalysts for emission treatment of diesel engines. For the composition of cordierite, waste boron clay, metakaolin, fly ash, and magnesium carbonate are used, while keeping the geopolymerization temperature constant, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, polypropylene, and glass fiber, hydrogen peroxide are used to create an alkaline environment. These materials are tested in a 4-stroke 4-cylinder diesel engine's exhaust system at 50, 75, and 100 Nm engine torques and 1500, 1700, and 1900 rpm engine speeds. The use of open-cell geopolymer materials reduces CO emissions by 66%, NOx emissions by 25% and HC emissions by 68%. The open-cell geopolymer materials are found to be effective in treating over 95% of particulate matter. The chemical and microstructures of the obtained open-cell geopolymer structures are investigated. It is concluded that the developed products are useful tools for the emission treatments of diesel engines considering the oxidizing and filtering effects of the materials.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Random Access Memory (RAM) Contacts Waste Catalyzes Organic Reactions 随机存取存储器（RAM）接触废物催化有机反应

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500069

Daniel Pérez de los Cobos-Pérez, Marta Mon, Antonio Leyva-Pérez

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A Ray of Hope: Gamma Radiation for Microplastic Remediation 希望之光：微塑料修复的伽马辐射

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500117

Dhanalakshmi Vadivel, Claudio Casella, Adriana Laca, Mario Díaz, Daniele Dondi

{"title":"A Ray of Hope: Gamma Radiation for Microplastic Remediation","authors":"Dhanalakshmi Vadivel, Claudio Casella, Adriana Laca, Mario Díaz, Daniele Dondi","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500117","url":null,"abstract":"Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate sewage sludge, which retains ≈95% of the microplastics (MPs) processed in wastewater. The literature describes sewage sludges with MP concentrations ranging between 400 and 170,000 particles kg−1 (dry weight) and when this sludge is applied to land, MPs spread into the environment. As a possible treatment for sewage sludge, this study aims to evaluate the effect of gamma-rays on the degradation of sludge MPs. The MPs utilized in the experiments are obtained from secondary sewage sludge provided by a municipal treatment facility and they are physic-chemically characterized (size, shape, composition). MPs are exposed to gamma radiation (γ-irradiation) at different time intervals and total doses to study the response process in sewage sludge. In particular, they are treated with γ-irradiation using cobalt-60 (60Co) at doses ranging from 0 to 116 kGy. In this study, MP degradation can be achieved with a maximum degradation percentage of almost 70%. Concerning the specific degradation, research results show that both MP forms exhibit the same 35% degradation rate. This study not only advances the knowledge of how γ-irradiation affects MPs, but it also opens a new approach to fight against the global problem of environmental MPs.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0