Global Challenges最新文献

IoT-Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments (Global Challenges 12/2024)

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470093

Ju-Yu Wu, Yi-Chun Lin, Shu-Yuan Lee, Cheng-Pin Chen, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Congo Tak Shing Ching, Hui-Min David Wang, Chu-Chun Yeh, Wei J. Chen, Wei-Wen Chen, Lun-De Liao

引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye using PANI-CuFe2O4 Nano Composite 使用 PANI-CuFe2O4 纳米复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400179

Tisa Rani Saha, Md. Ahsan Habib, S. M. Imran Ali, Jannatul Naime, Md. Mahiuddin, Shaheen M. Sarkar, Md. Abu Rayhan Khan, Kaykobad Md Rezaul Karim

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye using PANI-CuFe2O4 Nano Composite","authors":"Tisa Rani Saha, Md. Ahsan Habib, S. M. Imran Ali, Jannatul Naime, Md. Mahiuddin, Shaheen M. Sarkar, Md. Abu Rayhan Khan, Kaykobad Md Rezaul Karim","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400179","url":null,"abstract":"The present perspective accentuates the synthesis of PANI-CuFe2O4 (PCF) nanocomposite, and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye using a synthesized composite. The stable PCF is confirmed and characterized by analytical techniques, namely, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. The synthesized PCF nanocomposites are significantly crystalline in nature, having magnetic saturation of 10.47 emu g−1, and monoclinic crystalline structure as well as the size of nanocomposite is 39.54 nm verified by XRD pattern. SEM analysis revealed a regular porous and rough surface of nanocomposite. In addition, the nanocomposite divulged the remarkable efficient elimination of MB dye with maximum removal of 96% with good fitting of Langmuir isotherm, indication of monolayer formation on the catalyst surface through the interaction between nanocomposite and dye molecule. The adsorption kinetics bolstered the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting the adsorption process proceeded by chemisorption. The most notable feature of the nanocomposite is the reusability and good stability after several cycles, maintaining 90% after five cycles.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promising Pharmacological Interventions for Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review 治疗后囊翳的前景看好的药物干预：综述。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400181

Yuxuan Liu, Xiaoming Dong, Bin Wu, Zhigang Cheng, Jinsong Zhang, Jing Wang

引用次数: 0

IoT-Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400124

Ju-Yu Wu, Yi-Chun Lin, Shu-Yuan Lee, Cheng-Pin Chen, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Congo Tak Shing Ching, Hui-Min David Wang, Chu-Chun Yeh, Wei J. Chen, Wei-Wen Chen, Lun-De Liao

{"title":"IoT-Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments","authors":"Ju-Yu Wu, Yi-Chun Lin, Shu-Yuan Lee, Cheng-Pin Chen, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Congo Tak Shing Ching, Hui-Min David Wang, Chu-Chun Yeh, Wei J. Chen, Wei-Wen Chen, Lun-De Liao","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400124","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is the most common adverse medical event that affects patients. Internationally, healthcare workers (HCWs) are monitored for hand hygiene compliance to reduce HAI risk. While direct observation is considered the gold standard for monitoring, it has several disadvantages. To address this, the study focused on developing a comprehensive hand hygiene system that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) hand hygiene with soap and water (HHW) and alcohol-based formulation (HHA) monitoring, incorporates real-time data visualization on a web interface to track HCWs' hand hygiene practices, and provides instant calculations of compliance and accuracy rates. This IoT system uses Bluetooth for HCW positioning and HHW detection, ultrasonic sensors for handwashing duration, and pressure sensors for HHA detection. Furthermore, a cloud server, database, and website are established to manage and display the data received by the IoT devices. To reduce HAI in Taiwan, hospitals must provide both HHW and HHA systems, and HCWs can choose either method when hand hygiene is necessary. The system achieved 72% accuracy in clinical practice within an adult intensive care unit (ICU).","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building a Circular Economy for Lithium: Addressing Global Challenges 打造锂循环经济：应对全球挑战。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400250

Alessandra Zanoletti, Bianca Maria Bresolin, Elza Bontempi

{"title":"Building a Circular Economy for Lithium: Addressing Global Challenges","authors":"Alessandra Zanoletti, Bianca Maria Bresolin, Elza Bontempi","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400250","url":null,"abstract":"As countries worldwide race toward a green transition, the demand for electric vehicles is surging, and with it comes a growing need for batteries. However, the push for increased domestic mining to secure these materials raises significant concerns about environmental sustainability. Even with stringent regulations, the environmental impact of mining can be profound, posing risks such as biodiversity loss, water pollution, and broader ecological damage. Furthermore, geopolitical tensions could arise as countries whose economic interests are threatened by these initiatives may react adversely. Local communities might also resist mining projects due to concerns over environmental degradation, health risks, and disruptions to their livelihoods. Given the critical importance of metals in the ecological transition, this challenge must be approached with the same urgency and global coordination as a pandemic response. Just as the world mobilized unprecedented resources to tackle COVID-19, a similarly robust approach is necessary to ensure the availability of critical metals for a sustainable future. This paper suggests potential pathways for academic, technological, and societal advancements within the framework of a circular economy for lithium, aiming to secure a sustainable supply of this essential resource.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future Energy Breakthroughs: Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf 未来的能源突破：对阿拉伯湾碳氢化合物经济的影响》。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400151

Logan Cochrane, Dhabia Al Mohannadi, Sa'd Shannak, Yoshihide Wada, Esra Al Eisa, Mohamad Hejazi

{"title":"Future Energy Breakthroughs: Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf","authors":"Logan Cochrane, Dhabia Al Mohannadi, Sa'd Shannak, Yoshihide Wada, Esra Al Eisa, Mohamad Hejazi","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400151","url":null,"abstract":"Countries in the Arabian Gulf are reliant upon hydrocarbons for revenues, exports, industries and funding services. It is largely assumed that the global energy transition will be gradual, as reflected in planning and strategy documents. However, energy breakthroughs can change the global energy system. This Perspective article seeks to provoke a discussion about potential energy breakthroughs, the plausibility of their rapid expansion at scale, and the implications they may have for the hydrocarbon economies in the Arabian Gulf. Based upon feasibility, scalability, and adoption potential energy breakthroughs are outlined, their probability are assessed, and potential impacts on the hydrocarbon economics of the region are evaluated. The calls to actions are concluded with aim to support the region to be better prepared to track breakthroughs, and be proactively engaged to benefit from them. These include: 1) annual regional research-policy interface meetings, 2) tailored research and development funding that fosters regional collaboration, 3) investment into breakthrough technologies and energy transition inputs, and 4) seeking synergy in economic diversification regionally to avoid duplication and counterproductive competition.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using GIS-Based Machine Learning Ensemble Models in the Gidabo Watershed, Ethiopia 利用基于地理信息系统的机器学习集合模型评估埃塞俄比亚吉达博流域的地下水潜力区。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400137

Mussa Muhaba Mussa, Tarun Kumar Lohani, Abunu Atlabachew Eshete

{"title":"Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using GIS-Based Machine Learning Ensemble Models in the Gidabo Watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"Mussa Muhaba Mussa, Tarun Kumar Lohani, Abunu Atlabachew Eshete","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400137","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to map and evaluate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) using advanced ensemble machine learning (ML) models, notably Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). GWPZs are identified by considering essential factors such as geology, drainage density, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, soil, and lineament density. This is combined with datasets used for training and validating the RF and SVM models, which consisted of 75 potential sites (boreholes and springs), 22 non-potential sites (bare lands and settlement areas), and 20 potential sites (water bodies). Each dataset is randomly partitioned into two sets: training (70%) and validation (30%). The model's performance is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The AUC of the RF model is 0.91, compared to 0.88 for the SVM model. Both models classified GWPZs effectively, but the RF model performed slightly better. The classified GWPZ map shows that high GWPZs are typically located within water bodies, natural springs, low-lying regions, and forested areas. In contrast, low GWPZs are primarily found in shrubland and grassland areas. This study is vital for decision-makers as it promotes sustainable groundwater use and ensures water security in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waste to Energy: Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fats/Diesel Blends Premixed with Various Alcohols as Port Fuels

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400189

T. Sathish, Jayant Giri, R. Saravanan, Ümit Ağbulut

{"title":"Waste to Energy: Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fats/Diesel Blends Premixed with Various Alcohols as Port Fuels","authors":"T. Sathish, Jayant Giri, R. Saravanan, Ümit Ağbulut","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400189","url":null,"abstract":"Animal flesh is a major food source with economic and industrial value for consumer demand. These meats produced biowaste during and after preparation and use. Chicken intestines make up most of the waste thrown away after processing or frying. This study considers it a biodiesel source. Transesterification turns chicken intestine waste fat oil into biodiesel. This oil is used in compression ignition (CI) engines but performs poorly compared to diesel. Diesel, the base fuel, is mixed with 20% biodiesel. The remaining 10% and 20% of butanol and pentanol are port fuels, improving combustion and lowering emissions in the 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm CI engine. 20% pentanol premixing outperformed butanol premixing, blending, and engine CIWFOB operation. The greater heating value improves combustion, therefore 20% pentanol premixing with blend produces 32.76% BTE, 10.57% more than diesel. It produced 55.18% less CO and 50.92% less smoke than diesel, which has a greater heat release rate (48.86 J/CAD) and peak pressure (64.76 bar). This premixing costs NOx emissions. The CIWFOB blend with 20% pentanol premixing improves engine performance. For SDGs 7, 9, 12, and 13, this study is supported.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time-Quantile and Frequency Response of Green Growth to Energy Vulnerability, Energy Uncertainty, and Geopolitical Risks 绿色增长对能源脆弱性、能源不确定性和地缘政治风险的时间-均值和频率响应。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400225

Emmanuel Uche

{"title":"Time-Quantile and Frequency Response of Green Growth to Energy Vulnerability, Energy Uncertainty, and Geopolitical Risks","authors":"Emmanuel Uche","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400225","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400225","url":null,"abstract":"The study explains the time-quantile-frequency adjustments of green growth to energy vulnerability, energy uncertainties, and geopolitical risks (GPR) in the United States (US). Novel insights with notable policy implications emerged following the empirical analysis of monthly data spanning 2000 m1–2022 m12. The study implemented the Wavelet Quantile Correlation (WQC), Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality, and the Rolling Windows Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality to understand the dynamics among the variables. Evidence from WQC divulged time-specific positive and negative interactions between green growth and its determinants. Specifically, energy vulnerability dampened green growth more profoundly in the immediate and medium terms. However, in the long term, green growth prospers amidst energy vulnerability. This outcome reflects some policy effectiveness that reduced the negative effects of energy vulnerability for green growth. The effects of energy uncertainties are similar to that of energy vulnerability, with more profound damaging effects in the lower medium horizon of the distributions. GPR dampened green growth in the short run and enhanced it in the medium term, but it reduced green growth more profoundly in the long run. The pleasant effects of energy efficiency and digitalization are observed mostly in the long run, with notable green growth-reducing effects mainly in the short run.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Curcumin's Protective Role in Heatstroke-Induced Acute Liver Injury: Targeting Pyroptosis and Enhancing SIRT1 Expression 姜黄素在中暑诱发的急性肝损伤中的保护作用：靶向热蛋白沉积并增强 SIRT1 的表达。

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400178

Yizhan Wu, Fei Guo, Yan Ma, Weihao Chai, Jiajia Li, Wenhui Shi, Jiangwei Liu

{"title":"Curcumin's Protective Role in Heatstroke-Induced Acute Liver Injury: Targeting Pyroptosis and Enhancing SIRT1 Expression","authors":"Yizhan Wu, Fei Guo, Yan Ma, Weihao Chai, Jiajia Li, Wenhui Shi, Jiangwei Liu","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400178","url":null,"abstract":"Heatstroke (HS) is a severe systemic condition that significantly impacts organ function, with the liver being particularly vulnerable. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a crucial deacetylase, is implicated in various diseases' pathophysiology. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to modulate SIRT1 activity, offering therapeutic benefits. This study explores the impact of HS on hepatic SIRT1 expression and the protective mechanisms of curcumin against HS-induced hepatic injury. Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into control and curcumin pretreatment groups, subjected to HS induction, and assessed for liver injury biomarkers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Results indicate that HS downregulates SIRT1, leading to liver damage and systemic inflammation. Curcumin pretreatment dose-responsively attenuates these effects, with the highest dose providing optimal protection, potentially through SIRT1 restoration. The findings suggest that curcumin's hepatoprotective role in HS may be mediated by upregulating SIRT1, highlighting its therapeutic potential in heatstroke-related liver damage.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0