Global Challenges最新文献_第10页

Boosting Water Retention in Agriculture: Vine Biochar-Doped Hydrogels' Swelling and Germination Effects 提高农业的保水性：藤蔓生物炭掺杂水凝胶的膨胀和发芽效应

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300254

Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Mehmet Nuri Makas, Zehranur Çaylali

{"title":"Boosting Water Retention in Agriculture: Vine Biochar-Doped Hydrogels' Swelling and Germination Effects","authors":"Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Mehmet Nuri Makas, Zehranur Çaylali","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300254","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity presents a formidable challenge to agriculture, particularly in arid, semiarid, and rainfed settings. In agricultural contexts, hydrogels serve as granular agents for water retention, undergoing considerable expansion upon water exposure. They assume versatile roles encompassing soil-water retention, the dispensation of nutrients and pesticides, seed encapsulation, erosion mitigation, and even food supplementation. This study's objective involves the examination of biochar-infused hydrogels, fashioned by incorporating vine pruning waste-derived biochars, and the assessment of swelling behaviors in various aqueous environments encompassing deionized, tap, and saline water at concentrations of 0.5–1%. Characterizations of the vine-biochars-VB and biochar-incorporated hydrogels-VBHG are executed, with particular attention to their swelling properties across diverse media. As an initial step toward appraising their agricultural relevance, these hydrogels are introduced to a germination medium featuring wheat seeds to discern potential influences on germination dynamics. The maximum swelling capacity of VBHG is recorded in deionized water, tap water at pH 7.0, tap water at pH 9.0, saline water at 0.5%, and saline water at 1%, reaching 352%, 207%, 230%, 522%, and 549%, respectively. Remarkably, the 0.5% VBHG treatment exhibits the most pronounced root elongation. The application of hydrogels in agriculture exhibits promise, particularly within drought-related contexts and potential soilless applications.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021 迈向更好、更健康的空气质量：基于世界卫生组织 2021 年新空气质量准则的全球 PM2.5 和 O3 污染状况与风险评估

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300258

Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu

{"title":"Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021","authors":"Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300258","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM2.5 (≤ 15 µg m−3) and O3 (≤ 100 µg m−3) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m−3) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM2.5 (> 35 µg m−3) and O3 (> 100 µg m−3) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM2.5-O3 compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction: Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease 撤稿：片面的血液稀释药物增加了内流窒息导致冲击波产生并引发无症状心血管疾病的风险

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470083

{"title":"Retraction: Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202470083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202470083","url":null,"abstract":"V. R. S. Kumar, S. K. Choudhary, P. K. Radhakrishnan, R. S. Bharath, N. Chandrasekaran, V. Sankar, A. Sukumaran, C. Oommen, “Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease.” Global Challenges 2021, 5, 2000076. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202000076The above article, published on January 29, 2021 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Mara Staffilani, and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim.The retraction has been agreed due to concerns raised by a third party in a submitted Comment regarding the paper's proposed theory and its application of concepts.Post-publication review by an independent reviewer determined that the article applies the concept of compressible flow to an inherently incompressible flow system. As a result, the article's hypothesis and following argument do not scientifically support its conclusions. Therefore, the conclusions are considered unreliable.An investigation by Wiley and the journal's Editor-in-Chief supported this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202470083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction: Sanal Flow Choking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Verification and Diagnosing Detonation and Hemorrhage in Real-World Fluid-Flow Systems 撤回：Sanal Flow Choking：计算流体力学代码验证和诊断真实世界流体-流动系统中的爆炸和出血的范式转变

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470082

{"title":"Retraction: Sanal Flow Choking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Verification and Diagnosing Detonation and Hemorrhage in Real-World Fluid-Flow Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202470082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202470082","url":null,"abstract":"V. R. S. Kumar, V. Sankar, N. Chandrasekaran, A. Sukumaran, S. A. R. M. Rafic, R. S. Bharath, R. V. Baskaran, C. Oommen, P. K. Radhakrishnan, S. K. Choudhary, “Sanal Flow Choking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Verification and Diagnosing Detonation and Hemorrhage in Real-World Fluid-Flow Systems.” Global Challenges 2020, 4, 2000012. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202000012The above article, published on May 27, 2020 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Mara Staffilani, and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim.The retraction has been agreed due to concerns raised by a third party in a submitted Comment regarding the paper's proposed theory and its application of concepts.Post-publication review by an independent reviewer determined that the article applies the concept of compressible flow to an inherently incompressible flow system. As a result, the article's hypothesis and following argument do not scientifically support its conclusions. Therefore, the conclusions are considered unreliable.An investigation by Wiley and the journal's Editor-in-Chief supported this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202470082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptions of Deficiencies in the Basic Conditions for Farm Management and Quality of Life in Coffee-Growing Households: A Panel Analysis of a Rural Community in Eastern Uganda 咖啡种植户对农场管理和生活质量基本条件不足的看法：对乌干达东部农村社区的小组分析

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300196

Anna Lina Bartl

{"title":"Perceptions of Deficiencies in the Basic Conditions for Farm Management and Quality of Life in Coffee-Growing Households: A Panel Analysis of a Rural Community in Eastern Uganda","authors":"Anna Lina Bartl","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300196","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, information collected from 360 coffee-cultivating households (HHs) is used to investigate perceptions of deficiencies in three sub-counties in Eastern Uganda and to study changes in these perceptions between two survey rounds. The results of an explorative principal components analysis identify five factors affecting farmers’ perceptions. Whereas perceptions of deficiencies in the preconditions for farm management activities differ significantly between the three sub-counties investigated, indicators of deficiencies in general life quality are distributed more equally. Deteriorations are explained mainly by perceived changes in weather conditions. On the one hand, it can be assumed that the high constraint level will continue to increase in the future due to climate change and its impacts on life quality and the basic conditions required for farm management. On the other hand, access to resources such as water taps but also increased competition between buyers, have improved the situation. Results further indicate that if activities such as the expansion of information access and improvement of road conditions (after land registration) are implemented on a larger scale, these negative trends can be partly counteracted to help farmers maintain the conditions for effective farm management and improve their quality of life in the future.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming the Water-Energy Nexus in Gaza: A Systems Approach 改造加沙的水与能源关系：系统方法

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300304

Tony Rantissi, Vitaly Gitis, Zhiyuan Zong, Nick Hankins

{"title":"Transforming the Water-Energy Nexus in Gaza: A Systems Approach","authors":"Tony Rantissi, Vitaly Gitis, Zhiyuan Zong, Nick Hankins","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300304","url":null,"abstract":"The acute water and electricity shortages in Gaza necessitate comprehensive solutions that recognize the interconnected nature of these vital resources. This article presents pragmatic solutions to align supply with fundamental needs in both domains, offering viable pathways for achieving strategic water-energy security in Gaza. Baseline data reveals a deficit in the current water supply, falling below the international minimum of 100 L per capita per day, while the reported 137–189 MW per day electricity supply significantly lags behind the estimated 390 MW per day peak demand. To meet projected 2024 residential, commercial, and industrial demands, this study proposes actionable measures including expanding wastewater treatment to enable over 150 MCM per year tertiary effluents for agricultural reuse and adopting energy-efficient forward osmosis-reverse osmosis and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis desalination methods to increase potable water supply to 150 MCM per year. Electricity supply strategies include scaling renewable capacity towards 110 MW per day, exploring regional cooperation to unlock over 360 MW of power per day, and potentially recovering up to 60 MW per day through system efficiencies. These recommendations aim to prevent exacerbated scarcity and alleviate hardships in Gaza.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative Strategies for Photons Management on Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells 超薄硅太阳能电池光子管理的创新战略

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300306

Ning Li, Andrea Fratalocchi

{"title":"Innovative Strategies for Photons Management on Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Ning Li, Andrea Fratalocchi","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300306","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si), the eighth most common element in the known universe by mass and widely applied in the industry of electronics chips and solar cells, rarely emerges as a pure element in the Earth's crust. Optimizing its manufacturing can be crucial in the global challenge of reducing the cost of renewable energy modules and implementing sustainable development goals in the future. In the industry of solar cells, this challenge is stimulating studies of ultrathin Si-based architectures, which are rapidly attracting broad attention. Ultrathin solar cells require up to two orders of magnitude less Si than conventional solar cells, and owning to a flexible nature, they are opening applications in different industries that conventional cells do not yet serve. Despite these attractive factors, a difficulty in ultrathin Si solar cells is overcoming the weak light absorption at near-infrared wavelengths. The primary goal in addressing this problem is scaling up cost-effective and innovative textures for anti-reflection and light-trapping with shallower depth junctions, which can offer similar performances to traditional thick modules. This review provides an overview of this area of research, discussing this field both as science and engineering and highlighting present progress and future outlooks.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanofiltration Ceramic Membranes as a Feasible Two-Pronged Approach toward Desalination and Lithium Recovery 纳米过滤陶瓷膜是海水淡化和锂回收的双管齐下的可行方法

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300151

Chin Ho Kirk, Chiang Yon Douglas Chong, Xingyang Wang, Jianguo Sun, Qi Zhao, John Wang

{"title":"Nanofiltration Ceramic Membranes as a Feasible Two-Pronged Approach toward Desalination and Lithium Recovery","authors":"Chin Ho Kirk, Chiang Yon Douglas Chong, Xingyang Wang, Jianguo Sun, Qi Zhao, John Wang","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300151","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic membranes are taking center stage for separation technologies in water treatment. Among them, ceramic nanofiltration membranes are at the forefront of membrane technologies. The desalination of seawater using ceramic nanofiltration membranes is a potential application toward increasing the global water supply and tackling water scarcity. However, while the high fabrication cost poses a challenge to their large-scale applications, high-value separation applications can help to offset the overall cost. In this regard, ceramic nanofiltration membranes can also be explored as a viable option for high-value lithium extraction from the waste seawater brine. In order to determine the potential of nanofiltration ceramic membranes for desalination and lithium recovery from seawater, the current efficiency of salt rejection across various operation parameters must be thoroughly evaluated. Specifically, the interactions between the Donnan exclusion, steric exclusion, zeta potential, and salt concentration play an important role in determining the salt rejection efficiency. Several strategies are then proposed to guide ceramic nanofiltration membranes toward potentially practical applications regarding desalination and lithium recovery.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamics, Environmental and Sustainability Impacts of a Turbofan Engine Under Different Design Conditions Considering Variable Needs in the Aviation Industry 考虑到航空业的不同需求，不同设计条件下涡轮风扇发动机的热力学、环境和可持续性影响

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300205

Hakan Aygun, Mohammad Rauf Sheikhi, Hakan Caliskan

{"title":"Thermodynamics, Environmental and Sustainability Impacts of a Turbofan Engine Under Different Design Conditions Considering Variable Needs in the Aviation Industry","authors":"Hakan Aygun, Mohammad Rauf Sheikhi, Hakan Caliskan","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300205","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, thermodynamic analysis is implemented to the kerosene-fuelled high by-pass turbofan (HBP-TF) engine to assess entropy, exergy, environmental, and sustainability metrics for different design variables such as pressure ratio of high-pressure compressor (HPC-PR) ranging from 7.5 to 8.5 and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) varying from 1400 to 1525 K considering variable needs in the aviation industry. As a novelty, entropic improvement potential (EIP) index for turbomachinery components and specific irreversibility production for the whole engine are calculated. Sustainability-based parameters for different cases are compared with the baseline values of the HBP-TF engine. The combustor has the highest entropy production of 44.4425 kW K−1 at the baseline. The higher TIT increases the entropy production of the combustor by 16.56%, whereas the higher HPC-PR decreases it by 5.83%. The higher TIT and HPC-PR favorably affect the sustainable efficiency factor of the engine, which is observed as 1.5482 at baseline and increases by 4.5% and 0.058% with the increment of TIT and HPC-PR, respectively. The higher TIT and higher HPC-PR results in lowering sustainability of the engine. The specific irreversibility production of the engine decreases by 3.78% and 0.1171% respectively, as TIT and HPC-PR reach the highest point considered in the study.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139495368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Global Challenges 1/2024) (全球挑战 1/2024）

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470075

引用次数: 0