Global Challenges最新文献_第10页

The Fragile State of Industrial Agriculture: Estimating Crop Yield Reductions in a Global Catastrophic Infrastructure Loss Scenario 工业化农业的脆弱状态：估算全球灾难性基础设施损失情景下的作物减产情况

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300206

Jessica Moersdorf, Morgan Rivers, David Denkenberger, Lutz Breuer, Florian Ulrich Jehn

{"title":"The Fragile State of Industrial Agriculture: Estimating Crop Yield Reductions in a Global Catastrophic Infrastructure Loss Scenario","authors":"Jessica Moersdorf, Morgan Rivers, David Denkenberger, Lutz Breuer, Florian Ulrich Jehn","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300206","url":null,"abstract":"Modern civilization relies on a complex, globally interconnected industrial agriculture system to produce food. Its unprecedented yields hinge on external inputs like machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides, rendering it vulnerable to disruptions in production and international trade. Such a disruption could be caused by large-scale damage to the electrical grid. Solar storms, nuclear detonations in the upper atmosphere, pandemics, or cyber-attacks, could cause this severe damage to electrical infrastructure. To assess the impact of such a global catastrophic infrastructure loss on major food crops (corn, rice, soybean, wheat), we employ a generalized linear model. The predictions show a crop-specific yield reduction between 15% and 37% in phase 1, the year after the catastrophe, assuming rationed use of fertilizers, pesticides, and fuel stocks. In phase 2, when all stocks are depleted, yields decrease by 35%–48%. Soybean is less affected in phase 1, while all crops experience strong declines in phase 2. Europe, North and South America, and parts of India, China, and Indonesia face major yield reductions, potentially up to 75%, while most African countries are less affected. These findings underscore the necessity for preparation by highlighting the vulnerability of the food system.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Power Generation Through Solar-Driven Integration of Brayton and Transcritical CO2 Cycles: A Comprehensive 3E (Energy, Exergy, and Exergoenvironmental) Evaluation 通过太阳能驱动的布雷顿和跨临界二氧化碳循环一体化实现可持续发电：全面的 3E（能量、放热和放热环境）评估

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300223

Yunis Khan, Roshan Raman, Zafar Said, Hakan Caliskan, Hiki Hong

{"title":"Sustainable Power Generation Through Solar-Driven Integration of Brayton and Transcritical CO2 Cycles: A Comprehensive 3E (Energy, Exergy, and Exergoenvironmental) Evaluation","authors":"Yunis Khan, Roshan Raman, Zafar Said, Hakan Caliskan, Hiki Hong","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300223","url":null,"abstract":"Solar power tower technology has strong potential among the other concentration solar power techniques for large power generation. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new and efficient power conversion system for utilizing the solar power tower system. In present research, a novel combined cycle is proposed to generate power for the application of the solar power tower. The pre-compression configuration of the Brayton cycle is used as a topping cycle in which helium is taken as the working fluid. The transcritical CO2 cycle is used as bottoming cycle for using the waste heat. The proposed system is investigated based on exergy, energy, and exergoenvironmental point of view using computational technique engineering equation solver. Also, the parametric analysis is carried out to check the impact of the different variables on the system performance. It is concluded that the overall plant's optimized thermal and exergy efficiencies are obtained as 31.59% and 33.12%, respectively, at 800 °C optimum temperature of combined cycle and 850 W m−2 of direct normal irradiation and 2.278 of compressor pressure ratio. However, exergetic stability factor and exergoenvironmental impact index are observed as 0.5952 and 0.6801 respectively. The present proposed system performs better than the previous studies with fewer components.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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(Global Challenges 12/2023) (全球挑战 12/2023）

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202370073

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Masthead: (Global Challenges 12/2023) 刊头：（全球挑战 12/2023）

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202370074

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Carbon Pricing is not Unjust 碳定价并非不公正

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300089

Kian Mintz-Woo

{"title":"Carbon Pricing is not Unjust","authors":"Kian Mintz-Woo","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300089","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this perspective is to argue that carbon pricing is not unjust. Two important dimensions of justice are distributive and procedural (sometimes called “participatory”) justice. In terms of distributive justice, it is argued that carbon pricing can be made distributionally just through revenue recycling and that it should be expected that even neutral reductions in emissions will generate progressive benefits, both internationally and regionally. In terms of procedural justice, it is argued that carbon pricing is in principle compatible with any procedure; however, there is also a particular morally justifiable procedure, the Citizens’ Assembly, which has been implemented in Ireland on this precise question and has generated broad agreement on carbon pricing. It is suggested that this morally matters because such groups are like “ideal advisors” that offer morally important advice. Finally, an independent objection is offered to some ambitious alternatives to carbon pricing like Green New Deal-type frameworks, frameworks that aim to simultaneously tackle multiple social challenges. The objection is that these will take too long to work in a climate context, both to develop and to iterate.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Photo-Catalyst for Photo-Assisted Charging of Li-Ion Oxygen Battery 用于锂离子氧电池光辅助充电的 N 掺杂石墨烯光催化剂的合成

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300166

Nilay Kaçar, Ersu Lökçü, Meltem Çayirli, Reşat Can Özden, Sahin Coskun, Cigdem Toparli, İbrahim Çelikyürek, Mustafa Anik

{"title":"Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Photo-Catalyst for Photo-Assisted Charging of Li-Ion Oxygen Battery","authors":"Nilay Kaçar, Ersu Lökçü, Meltem Çayirli, Reşat Can Özden, Sahin Coskun, Cigdem Toparli, İbrahim Çelikyürek, Mustafa Anik","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300166","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, nitrogen (N)-doped graphene film is synthesized, as a photo-catalyst, on one side of the copper foam by chemical vapor deposition and the copper foam is directly used as an electrode after porous Pd@rGO cathode loading to the other side of the foam for the photo-assisted charging of the Li-ion oxygen battery. The amount of urea (CO(NH2)2), which is used as N atom source, is optimized to get maximum photo-anodic currents from the n-type graphene films. The optical band gap and the valance band edge potential of the optimized N-doped graphene film are determined as 2.00 eV and 3.71 VLi+/Li, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectra provided that the atomic percent of N atoms in the graphene film is 1.34% and the graphitic, pyrrolic and pyridinic N atom percentages are 54.01%, 42.20% and 3.79%, respectively. The photo-assisted charging tests indicated that the N-doped graphene film photo-catalyst reduced the charging potential significantly even at 1000 mA g−1 (0.1 mA cm−2) current density and improved the cyclic discharge-charge performance of the Li-ion oxygen battery considerably.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Ba3(PO4)2 Photocatalyst for Efficient Photocatalytic Application 用于高效光催化应用的 Ba3(PO4)2 光催化剂

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300257

Yassine Naciri, Ayoub Ahdour, Elhassan Benhsina, Mahmoud Adel Hamza, Asmae Bouziani, Abdelghani Hsini, Bahcine Bakiz, Jose Antonio Navío, Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal

{"title":"Ba3(PO4)2 Photocatalyst for Efficient Photocatalytic Application","authors":"Yassine Naciri, Ayoub Ahdour, Elhassan Benhsina, Mahmoud Adel Hamza, Asmae Bouziani, Abdelghani Hsini, Bahcine Bakiz, Jose Antonio Navío, Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300257","url":null,"abstract":"Barium phosphate (Ba3(PO4)2) is a class of material that has attracted significant attention thanks to its chemical stability and versatility. However, the use of Ba3(PO4)2 as a photocatalyst is scarcely reported, and its use as a photocatalyst has yet to be reported. Herein, Ba3(PO4)2 nanoflakes synthesis is optimized using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. The as-prepared Ba3(PO4)2 powders are investigated using physicochemical characterizations, including XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, DRS, J–t, LSV, Mott-Schottky, and EIS. In addition, DFT calculations are performed to investigate the band structure. The oxidation capability of the photocatalysts is investigated depending on the synthesis method using rhodamine B (RhB) as a pollutant model. Both Ba3(PO4)2 samples prepared by the sol-gel and hydrothermal methods display high RhB photodegradation of 79% and 68%, respectively. The Ba3(PO4)2 obtained using the sol-gel process exhibits much higher stability under light excitation after four regeneration cycles. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanism is proposed based on the active species trapping experiments where O2•‒ is the most reactive species. The finding shows the promising potential of Ba3(PO4)2 photocatalysts and opens the door for further investigation and application in various photocatalytic applications.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats 如何在尼莫角生存?费托，人工光合作用和等离子体催化在孤立栖息地的可持续能源

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300086

lgor Levchenko, Shuyan Xu, Oleg Baranov, Kateryna Bazaka

{"title":"How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats","authors":"lgor Levchenko, Shuyan Xu, Oleg Baranov, Kateryna Bazaka","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300086","url":null,"abstract":"Inhospitable, inaccessible, and extremely remote alike the famed pole of inaccessibility, aka Point Nemo, the isolated locations in deserts, at sea, or in outer space are difficult for humans to settle, let alone to thrive in. Yet, they present a unique set of opportunities for science, economy, and geopolitics that are difficult to ignore. One of the critical challenges for settlers is the stable supply of energy both to sustain a reasonable quality of life, as well as to take advantage of the local opportunities presented by the remote environment, e.g., abundance of a particular resource. The possible solutions to this challenge are heavily constrained by the difficulty and prohibitive cost of transportation to and from such a habitat (e.g., a lunar or Martian base). In this essay, the advantages and possible challenges of integrating Fischer–Tropsch, artificial photosynthesis, and plasma catalysis into a robust, scalable, and efficient self-contained system for energy harvesting, storage, and utilization are explored.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Preserving Cultural Diversity in Rural Africa Using Renewable Energy 利用可再生能源保护非洲农村文化多样性

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300263

Emil Roduner, Egmont R. Rohwer

{"title":"Preserving Cultural Diversity in Rural Africa Using Renewable Energy","authors":"Emil Roduner, Egmont R. Rohwer","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300263","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety percent of the large interior, rural part of Africa is not an abundant user of fossil fuels and is not connected to an electricity grid. This limits habitability and leads to significant migration to larger cities in attempts to improve economic and social welfare, which happens at the cost of its rich cultural diversity by inevitable adaption and mixing of societies. A direct transition from a firewood to an off-grid renewable electricity age can mitigate this detrimental development. This perspective discusses the interdisciplinary requirements linking cultural, sociological, economic, and technical aspects for a transition to modern life without loss of valuable traditions. Photovoltaic power and wind energy can provide local affordable electricity in off-grid locations. Intermediate storage for day–night cycles is catered for by novel types of batteries. Purifying and recycling water, refrigerating food and medicine, and benefitting from contact with the world via electronic media permit a tremendous increase in living conditions and significantly lower the pressure of migration into cities. Access to energy is a fundamental requirement for the preservation of the rich cultural diversity with family and tribal bindings, local languages, traditions, and religions, and allows for a more moderate transition to a modern society.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Strawberry Protease as a Laundry Detergent Additive Candidate: Immobilization, Compatibility Study with Detergent Ingredients, and Washing Performance Test 草莓蛋白酶作为一种候选洗衣粉添加剂:固定化、与洗衣粉成分的相容性研究和洗涤性能测试

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300102

Esma Hande Alici, Gulnur Arabaci

引用次数: 0