Global Challenges最新文献_第9页

Biomedical Big Data Technologies, Applications, and Challenges for Precision Medicine: A Review 生物医学大数据技术、应用与精准医疗挑战综述

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300163

Xue Yang, Kexin Huang, Dewei Yang, Weiling Zhao, Xiaobo Zhou

{"title":"Biomedical Big Data Technologies, Applications, and Challenges for Precision Medicine: A Review","authors":"Xue Yang, Kexin Huang, Dewei Yang, Weiling Zhao, Xiaobo Zhou","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300163","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of biomedical Big Data presents both significant opportunities and challenges in the realm of knowledge discovery and translational applications within precision medicine. Efficient management, analysis, and interpretation of big data can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in precision medicine. However, the unprecedented strides in the automated collection of large-scale molecular and clinical data have also introduced formidable challenges in terms of data analysis and interpretation, necessitating the development of novel computational approaches. Some potential challenges include the curse of dimensionality, data heterogeneity, missing data, class imbalance, and scalability issues. This overview article focuses on the recent progress and breakthroughs in the application of big data within precision medicine. Key aspects are summarized, including content, data sources, technologies, tools, challenges, and existing gaps. Nine fields—Datawarehouse and data management, electronic medical record, biomedical imaging informatics, Artificial intelligence-aided surgical design and surgery optimization, omics data, health monitoring data, knowledge graph, public health informatics, and security and privacy—are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Preliminary Assessment of Global CO2: Spatial Patterns, Temporal Trends, and Policy Implications 全球二氧化碳的初步评估:空间格局、时间趋势和政策影响

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300184

Ahmed M. EI Kenawy, Talal Al-Awadhi, Meshal Abdullah, Rana Jawarneh, Ammar Abulibdeh

{"title":"A Preliminary Assessment of Global CO2: Spatial Patterns, Temporal Trends, and Policy Implications","authors":"Ahmed M. EI Kenawy, Talal Al-Awadhi, Meshal Abdullah, Rana Jawarneh, Ammar Abulibdeh","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300184","url":null,"abstract":"This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, evolution, and driving factors of CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2016 at multiple spatial scales. Utilizing 26 indicators encompassing various facets of CO2 emissions, it is employed principal component analysis (PCA) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to identify the dominant characteristics of global CO2 emissions. This model retained three core components, accounting for 93% of the global CO2 variation, reflecting emission trajectories and associated economic metrics, such as Gross domestic product (GDP). The analysis differentiated the effects of these components based on countries' economic standings. Using a novel aggregated index, significant national contributors to global CO2 emissions are pinpointed. Notably, the leading contributors are found among developed nations (e.g., the United States, Canada, Japan), Gulf states (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Qatar), and emerging economies (e.g., China, Brazil, Mexico). Furthermore, these results highlight that shifts in global CO2 emissions over the past 30 years are predominantly influenced by factors like industrial emissions and GDP. Results also demonstrate a distinct relationship between a country's CO2 emissions and its physical and socioeconomic factors. Specifically, the nation's coastline length, population density in coastal regions, and the diversity of its climatic conditions significantly influence its carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dye Degradation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Samarium-Grafted Carbon Nitride Doped-Bismuth Oxobromide Quantum Dots 钐接枝氮化碳掺杂氧化铋量子点的染料降解、抗菌活性和分子对接分析

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300118

Shams Rani, Muhammad Imran, Ali Haider, Anum Shahzadi, Anwar Ul-Hamid, H. H. Somaily, Sawaira Moeen, Mahreen Khan, Walid Nabgan, Muhammad Ikram

{"title":"Dye Degradation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Samarium-Grafted Carbon Nitride Doped-Bismuth Oxobromide Quantum Dots","authors":"Shams Rani, Muhammad Imran, Ali Haider, Anum Shahzadi, Anwar Ul-Hamid, H. H. Somaily, Sawaira Moeen, Mahreen Khan, Walid Nabgan, Muhammad Ikram","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300118","url":null,"abstract":"Various concentrations of samarium-grafted-carbon nitride (Sm-g-C3N4) doped-bismuth oxobromide (BiOBr) quantum dots (QDs) are prepared by the co-precipitation method. Elemental evaluation, morphological, optical, and functional group assessment are studied employing characterization techniques. Based on the XRD pattern analysis, it is determined that BiOBr exhibits a tetragonal crystal structure. The electronic spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak for BiOBr at 315 nm and the bandgap energy (Eg) decreasing from 3.9 to 3.8 eV with the insertion of Sm-g-C3N4. The presence of vibrational modes related to BiOBr at 550 cm−1 is confirmed through FTIR spectra. TEM revealed that pure BiOBr possessed non-uniform QDS, and agglomeration increased with the addition of Sm-g-C3N4. The catalytic performance of Sm-g-C3N4 into BiOBr (6 mL) in a neutral medium toward rhodamine B exhibited excellent results (99.66%). The bactericidal activity is evaluated against multi-drug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli once the surface area is increased by dopant and the measured inhibition zone is assessed to be 3.65 mm. Molecular docking results supported the in vitro bactericidal potential of Sm-g-C3N4 and Sm-g-C3N4 doped-BiOBr as DNA gyraseE. coli inhibitors. This study shows that the novel Sm-g-C3N4 doped-BiOBr is a better catalyst that increases specific semiconductor's catalytic activity (CA).","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“You Are What You Eat”: How Fungal Adaptation Can Be Leveraged toward Myco-Material Properties "你就是你吃的东西如何利用真菌适应性实现微生物材料特性

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300140

Alicia Vivas Hernando, Wenjing Sun, Tiffany Abitbol

{"title":"“You Are What You Eat”: How Fungal Adaptation Can Be Leveraged toward Myco-Material Properties","authors":"Alicia Vivas Hernando, Wenjing Sun, Tiffany Abitbol","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300140","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi adapt to their surroundings, modifying their behaviors and composition under different conditions like nutrient availability and environmental stress. This perspective examines how a basic understanding of fungal genetics and the different ways that fungi can be influenced by their surroundings can be leveraged toward the production of functional mycelium materials. Simply put, within the constraints of a given genetic script, both the quality and quantity of fungal mycelium are shaped by what they eat and where they grow. These two levers, encompassing their global growth environment, can be turned toward different materials outcomes. The final properties of myco-materials are thus intimately shaped by the conditions of their growth, enabling the design of new biobased and biodegradable material constructions for applications that have traditionally relied on petroleum-based chemicals.This perspective highlights aspects of fungal genetics and environmental adaptation that have potential materials science implications, along the way touching on key studies, both to situate the state of the art within the field and to punctuate the viewpoints of the authors. Finally, this work ends with future perspectives, reinforcing key topics deemed important to consider in emerging myco-materials research.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Masthead: (Global Challenges 11/2023) 报头:(全球挑战11/2023)

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202370072

引用次数: 0

(Global Challenges 11/2023) (全球挑战 11/2023）

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202370071

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Char Formation During the Hydrothermal Treatment of Wooden Balls 评估木球水热处理过程中的炭化现象

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300169

Jens Pfersich, Pablo J. Arauzo, Pierpaolo Modugno, Maria-Magdalene Titirici, Andrea Kruse

{"title":"Evaluation of the Char Formation During the Hydrothermal Treatment of Wooden Balls","authors":"Jens Pfersich, Pablo J. Arauzo, Pierpaolo Modugno, Maria-Magdalene Titirici, Andrea Kruse","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300169","url":null,"abstract":"With wooden balls, a visualization of the hydrothermal carbonization to show the progress of the conversion to char is presented. In the present study, the balls represent the particles of biomass to investigate the differences in conversion outside and inside of biomass particles, during hydrothermal carbonization. A special focus is on hydrochar and pyrochar formation. The wooden balls are treated in subcritical water at 220 °C for holding times between 0 and 960 min. Even after 960 min, hydrolysis of the original biomass is incomplete as cellulose and hemicellulose are linked by lignin, inhibiting the reaction with water. Moreover, two different pathways of char production can be observed. Inside of the wooden ball pyrochar is formed as any water got that deep in, on the surface hydrochar is fixed, originated from the surrounding liquid. On the ground of the HTC reactor, a thin, brittle precipitate of likely hydrochar or humins can be found either from the precipitation of loosely attached compounds on the surface of the biomass or direct precipitation from the liquid.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exergoeconomic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Solar Power Tower Based Novel Combined Helium Brayton Cycle-Transcritical CO2 Cycle for Carbon Free Power Generation 基于太阳能发电塔的新型无碳发电氦-布雷顿循环-跨临界 CO2 循环的排气经济学和热力学分析

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300191

Yunis Khan, Deepak Singh, Hakan Caliskan, Hiki Hong

{"title":"Exergoeconomic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Solar Power Tower Based Novel Combined Helium Brayton Cycle-Transcritical CO2 Cycle for Carbon Free Power Generation","authors":"Yunis Khan, Deepak Singh, Hakan Caliskan, Hiki Hong","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300191","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a novel combined power cycle for solar power tower (SPT) system consisting of helium Brayton cycle (HBC) and transcritical CO2 (TCO2) for waste heat recovery is being studied for carbon-free generation. The performance of the proposed SPT based combined cycle (SPT-HBC-TCO2 cycle) is compared with SPT based basic cycle (SPT-HBC) based on exergoeconomic and thermodynamic analyses. It is concluded that the SPT-based combined cycle (SPT-HBC-TCO2 cycle) produces a thermal efficiency of 32.39% and exergy efficiency of 34.68% with an electricity cost of 1.613 UScent kWh−1. The exergy and thermal efficiency of the SPT-based combined cycle are enhanced by 13.18% and 13.21% respectively, while electricity cost is reduced by around 2% as compared to the SPT-based basic cycle (SPT-HBC) configuration at base conditions. A notable finding is that, despite the additional expenditures related to the bottoming cycle, the cost of electricity is lesser for the proposed combined cycle. Additionally, a comparison with the related prior published research exhibits that the performance of the current novel system is superior to that of the systems based on steam rankine cycle and supercritical CO2 cycles.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Civil Aviation Policies and Practices in Turkey in a Global Context Through Sustainable Aviation 全球背景下的土耳其民用航空政策与实践--通过可持续航空

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300194

Betul Hande Gursoy Haksevenler, Nazife Umran Temel, Yelda Erden Topal

{"title":"Civil Aviation Policies and Practices in Turkey in a Global Context Through Sustainable Aviation","authors":"Betul Hande Gursoy Haksevenler, Nazife Umran Temel, Yelda Erden Topal","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300194","url":null,"abstract":"The negative environmental effects of global civil aviation growth since the 19th century lead to the emergence of the “sustainable aviation” concept. This study aims to determine the current status of sustainability discussions in developing Turkish civil aviation and its alignment with global sustainable aviation policies. The research data are collected through document analysis and key expert interviews. Document analysis is to review reports on sustainable aviation and to compare two cases of AirFrance-KLM and Turkish Airlines. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with key experts from airline companies, public institutions, and subsidiary services in the Turkish aviation sector. The analysis results are presented under the themes of “institutional, conceptual, Turkey's current situation, motivations, role of international organizations, cooperation and coordination, problems and obstacles.” The results show that the Turkish civil aviation industry is enthusiastic about catching up with international standards and is successful in keeping up with the latest technologies. The private sector is leading the sector by targeting global competitiveness. Current deficiencies stem from legislation, incentives, obligations, resources, and environmental awareness. The main contribution is to be the first source and guide for future studies that aim to shed light on policymaking in Turkey as an emerging country case.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability of Redirecting Artemisinins for New Targets 重定向青蒿素新目标的适用性

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300030

Jacob Golenser, Nicholas H. Hunt, Ida Birman, Charles L. Jaffe, Johanna Zech, Karsten Mäder, Daniel Gold

{"title":"Applicability of Redirecting Artemisinins for New Targets","authors":"Jacob Golenser, Nicholas H. Hunt, Ida Birman, Charles L. Jaffe, Johanna Zech, Karsten Mäder, Daniel Gold","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300030","url":null,"abstract":"Employing new therapeutic indications for drugs that are already approved for human use has obvious advantages, including reduced costs and timelines, because some routine steps of drug development and regulation are not required. This work concentrates on the redirection of artemisinins (ARTS) that already are approved for clinical use, or investigated, for malaria treatment. Several mechanisms of action are suggested for ARTS, among which only a few have been successfully examined in vivo, mainly the induction of oxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these seemingly contradictory effects, ARTS are proposed for repurposing in treatment of inflammatory disorders and diverse types of diseases caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. When pathogens are treated the expected outcome is diminution of the causative agents and/or their inflammatory damage. In general, repurposing ARTS is successful in only a very few cases, specifically when a valid mechanism can be targeted using an additional therapeutic agent and appropriate drug delivery. Investigation of repurposing should include optimization of drug combinations followed by examination in relevant cell lines, organoids, and animal models, before moving to clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0