Medication, Nutrition, and Hygiene in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI:10.1002/gch2.202500223

Wan-Ting Kuo, I-Hsiu Lai

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Abstract

Despite advances in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and treatment, emerging variants and persistent challenges continue to affect global health. Studies are retrieved from PubMed using title-based searches for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and related therapies from 2020 to 2025, focusing on randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines. This review explores treatments, nutrients, and adjuvant therapies that support the immune system in fighting COVID-19. It highlights the role of antiviral medications such as remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and molnupiravir in reducing mortality and hospitalizations. Additionally, adjunctive therapies like corticosteroids, interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are discussed for their potential to modulate inflammation. Nutritional support, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D, C, and A, zinc, selenium, and probiotics, enhances immune function. Preventive measures, such as hygiene practices, wearing masks, and physical distancing, reduce transmission. An integrated approach that combines antiviral treatments with adjunctive therapies, prevention, and nutrition is crucial for improving outcomes.

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COVID-19预防和治疗中的药物、营养和卫生：综合叙述综述

尽管2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的预防和治疗取得了进展，但新出现的变体和持续存在的挑战继续影响着全球健康。通过基于标题的搜索，从PubMed检索2020年至2025年的COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2和相关疗法，重点是随机对照试验、系统评价和临床指南。本综述探讨了支持免疫系统对抗COVID-19的治疗方法、营养物质和辅助疗法。它强调了抗病毒药物如remdesivir、nirmatrelvir/ritonavir和molnupiravir在降低死亡率和住院率方面的作用。此外，还讨论了皮质类固醇、白介素-6 （IL-6）抑制剂、Janus激酶（JAK）抑制剂和n-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）等辅助疗法调节炎症的潜力。营养支持，包括omega-3脂肪酸，维生素D， C和A，锌，硒和益生菌，增强免疫功能。预防措施，如卫生习惯、戴口罩和保持身体距离，可减少传播。将抗病毒治疗与辅助治疗、预防和营养相结合的综合方法对改善预后至关重要。

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