MBenes: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Techniques and Energy Storage Capabilities

This review thoroughly examines the potential of 2D transition metal borides (MBenes) for sophisticated energy storage applications. The investigation explores their structural stability, electrochemical characteristics, and a range of synthesis methods, including chemical and hydrothermal exfoliation procedures. Because of their strong mechanical characteristics, low diffusion energy barriers, and high theoretical capacities, MBenes perform better as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) than other 2D materials like MXenes. Functionalized MBenes also show adaptability in various applications, such as lithium–sulfur batteries and nitrogen reduction catalysis. Their actual application is hampered by issues including oxidation and surface imperfections, despite their encouraging qualities. This analysis demonstrates MBenes as a promising anode material for next-generation energy storage devices and highlights the necessity for more research into scalable, eco-friendly synthesis techniques for achieving sustainability.