Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Performance assessment of commonly used active radiation protection dosimeters for individual and area workplace monitoring","authors":"Jelena Vlahović ,&nbsp;Nikola Kržanović ,&nbsp;Miloš Živanović ,&nbsp;Ivana Stojanović ,&nbsp;Luka Bakrač ,&nbsp;Argiro Boziari ,&nbsp;Miloš Đaletić ,&nbsp;Ana Fernandes ,&nbsp;Liviu-Cristian Mihailescu ,&nbsp;Erinc Reyhanoglu ,&nbsp;Siarhei Saroka ,&nbsp;Teemu Siiskonen ,&nbsp;Jana Šmoldasová ,&nbsp;Vladimir Sochor ,&nbsp;Maria do Ceu Ferreira ,&nbsp;Nataša Todorović","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Improvement in radiation protection practice may be achieved by acquisition of reliable and accurate dosimetry data. Use of dosimeters with known properties provides insight into their performance in real radiation fields encountered in radiation monitoring practice.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Performance evaluation in a wide range of radiation conditions provides insight into dosimeter behaviour, providing input for revision, update and harmonization of IEC type testing standards.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 32 active dosimeters were investigated, of which 26 are used for area workplace, and 6 for individual monitoring. Dosimeter performance was evaluated against the IEC 60846–1:2009 standard for portable workplace and environmental meters and monitors and the IEC 61526:2024 standard for active personal dosimeters in a wide range of photon energies, angles of incidence and dose equivalent rates. Performance was examined beyond the minimum rated range: 33.3 keV–1.25 MeV photon energy; (0°; ±75°) angle of incidence for personal dosimeters and (0°; ±120° with 180°) for area dosimeters; 3 μSv h⁻¹ – 7 Sv h⁻¹ dose rate range. In addition, dosimeter short-term stability and overload properties were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>State-of-the-art and commonly used dosimeters complied with the standard defined limits of variation with respect to the manufacturer stated specifications. Some dosimeters had significantly lower variations in terms of relative response than the current standard stated requirements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Potential update of the relevant IEC type testing standards was considered, with the possibility of introducing two distinct dosimeter classes, one of which would comply with reduced limits of variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver ion alginate dressing for infection control in type Ⅱ diabetic rats wound: an in vitro and in vivo study","authors":"Yao Liang ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Xie ,&nbsp;Zhongwen Yu ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Jinbin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic wounds present a formidable therapeutic challenge due to their persistent nature and high complication rates. In this study, the new silver alginate dressing was evaluated to determine whether it improves wound healing in type Ⅱ diabetic rats by comparison with the commercially available silver alginate dressing Biatain® in vivo and in vitro. This study demonstrates that the novel dressing may provide a viable alternative approach to the current management of diabetic wounds.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The in vitro part involved the evaluation of its water vapor transmission ability, water-uptake ability, and antibacterial ability. Then, Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats were selected for in vivo experiments to establish the diabetic infection wound model. The healing rate of wounds and the bacterial count on wounds and wound dressings were studied. Detection of fibrinogen (FIB), procalcitonin (PCT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by ELISA, Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression by histological staining and determination of silver by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In comparison with the commercially available Biatain®, The silver alginate ion dressing has about twice the water absorption capacity of Biatain® (P &lt; 0.01) and On day 14, the wound healing rate in the sample group demonstrated a significant increase of 15.6 % relative to the model group, with wounds approaching near-complete closure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The newly developed silver-ion alginate dressing enhanced wound closure, reduced infection and healing time, and lowered dressing change frequency, demonstrating comparable efficacy to the commercial reference product (Biatain®) as a practical alternative for diabetic wound care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive model for functional outcomes in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke based on DWI-ASPECTS and serum homocysteine","authors":"Meilin Wang ,&nbsp;Jinsong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Precise forecasting of functional outcomes is crucial for managing acute anterior circulation stroke (AACS). We sought to develop and validate a predictive model for functional outcomes by integrating the DWI-ASPECTS score and serum homocysteine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively examined information from consecutive AACS patients admitted between January 2022 and January 2025. The individuals were classified into favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≤ 2) and unfavorable (mRS &gt;2) outcomes groups depending on their 90-day mRS score. Upon admission, clinical parameters, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, were assessed. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed within 24 h to calculate the DWI-ASPECTS. Blood samples taken from a vein after an overnight fast were gathered within a 24-h timeframe for laboratory testing, including serum homocysteine, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 122 patients, among whom 68 cases belonged to the favorable and 54 cases belonged to the unfavorable outcome group. Unfavorable outcome patients were significantly older (P = 0.017), exhibited higher baseline NIHSS scores, lower DWI-ASPECTS scores, and demonstrated elevated serum homocysteine levels (all P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that DWI-ASPECTS score (OR = 0.270, P &lt; 0.001) and serum homocysteine level (OR = 1.539, P &lt; 0.001) independently predicted functional outcome. DWI-ASPECTS (AUC = 0.852) and homocysteine (AUC = 0.844) demonstrated high predictive accuracy. The final nomogram model, which combined these two variables, showed excellent discrimination with an AUC of 0.939 and was well-calibrated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The developed nomogram, incorporating DWI-ASPECTS and serum homocysteine, demonstrates potential as an effective and accurate method for forecasting functional outcomes in AACS patients, offering a novel approach that integrates neuroanatomical and systemic metabolic information beyond models relying on single parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The function and underlying mechanism of matrine in modulating FDX1-mediated copper-induced cell death to facilitate apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells","authors":"Linfang Xu,&nbsp;Min Gong,&nbsp;Jialing Li,&nbsp;Xing Li,&nbsp;Wen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly lethal malignant tumor, currently lacks effective therapeutic options. Matrine, a compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescentis Radix, demonstrates significant anti-tumor properties and the ability to induce programmed cell death. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) is a crucial biomolecule involved in mediating copper-induced cell death.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of matrine in vivo, we developed a BALB/c mouse xenograft model using QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cells (n = 6 per group). We assessed tumor progression, apoptotic markers, and FDX1 protein levels through a comprehensive panel of analytical methods, including immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study demonstrates that matrine effectively suppresses the growth of CCA QBC939 cells and promotes cell death in an in vivo setting in a dose-dependent manner. Matrine treatment significantly increased FDX1 expression and markers associated with cuproptosis (Lip-DLST, Lip-DLAT), decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, and enhanced apoptosis-related protein expression. The anti-tumor mechanism of matrine on CCA cells involves the induction of apoptosis, which is associated with the up-regulation of FDX1 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that matrine shows therapeutic potential for CCA treatment through its modulation of FDX1-mediated cuproptosis (copper-induced cell death) and subsequent apoptosis induction, providing a rationale for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating photon radiation shielding capabilities of advanced polymers for sustainable composite materials","authors":"Samar El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Hassan ,&nbsp;Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil ,&nbsp;Mohsen A. Abou Mandour","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced polymers are considered promising candidates for matrix materials in composite photon radiation shielding due to their flexibility in manufacturing, recyclability, and ease of processing. Furthermore, their low density makes them particularly suitable for applications requiring effective yet lightweight shielding, such as in medicine, aerospace, and small modular reactors. The present work investigated the gamma-ray shielding performance of seven advanced polymers. The photon radiation shielding properties were estimated utilizing the Phy-X/PSD software through calculations of the linear attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number. The results indicate that thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) exhibits the highest gamma attenuation values among the studied polymers at energies above 81 keV. However, its performance is very close to polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), with a difference of less than 0.5 %. Additionally, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) exhibits superior attenuation efficiency at energies below 81 keV. To validate the theoretical data, the linear attenuation coefficient values for polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) were determined experimentally using a gamma-ray spectroscopy system with a LaBr₃(Ce) detector and various radioactive sources within the energy range of 31–1332.5 keV. The experimental results showed good agreement with the theoretical data obtained by the Phy-X/PSD, with differences ranging from 0.44 % to 5.19 %. These findings highlight polyethylene terephthalate glycol as a promising thermoplastic matrix for developing sustainable photon radiation shielding composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated analysis reveals DEFB1, SPINK6 and tumor-suppressive Anaerococcus as prognostic determinants in oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Yiyun Pan ,&nbsp;Kang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Nie ,&nbsp;Keqing Luo ,&nbsp;Fuchao Liu ,&nbsp;Dechang Xu ,&nbsp;Keqiang Tian ,&nbsp;Wen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor for which reliable prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Growing evidence suggests that the tumor-associated microbiota plays an important role in cancer progression and patient prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of intratumoral microbes in OSCC and their interactions with host genes remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study integrated microbiome and transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and employed Cox and LASSO regression to identify survival-associated microbes (SAMs). Microbial–immune interactions were explored through clustering and immune infiltration analyses. Key prognosis-associated microbial genes (PAMGs) were further screened by combining differential gene expression analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and survival analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was subsequently performed. Experimental validation was conducted using a co-culture system of WSU-HN30 cells and <em>Anaerococcus</em> supernatant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 63 SAMs were identified, among which <em>Anaerococcus</em> and <em>Peptoniphilus</em> exhibited a significant synergistic relationship. DEFB1 (low expression) and SPINK6 (high expression) were identified as key PAMGs. ROC analysis yielded AUC values of 0.89, 0.85, and 0.82 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, indicating good prognostic predictive ability. Functional analyses indicated that these genes are primarily involved in the cell cycle, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and E2F/G2M signaling pathways. In in vitro experiments, <em>Anaerococcus</em> was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of WSU-HN30 cells, accompanied by the upregulation of DEFB1 and down-regulation of SPINK6.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study uncovers novel microbe–gene interactions in OSCC and identifies DEFB1 and SPINK6 as potential prognostic biomarkers. The results suggest that <em>Anaerococcus</em> may exert a protective role by regulating host gene expression, providing new insights for prognostic stratification and potential therapeutic interventions in OSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TID effect study and hardened method of cascode GaN HEMT","authors":"Yanfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueqin Gong ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;JinLong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Cai ,&nbsp;Mengxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional cascode GaN HEMTs, which combine a trench gate Si MOSFET with a D-HEMT, are vulnerable to total ionizing dose (TID) radiation, exhibiting severe threshold voltage (V_GS(th)) degradation and functional failure at relatively low dose levels (≤30 krad(Si)). In this paper, a TID-hardened cascode GaN HEMT is proposed by integrating a radiation-hardened Si MOSFET with a commercial D-HEMT. By replacing the non-radiation-hardened trench gate MOSFET with a radiation-hardened planar Si MOSFET, the TID tolerance is improved to over 200 krad(Si), with the V_GS(th) drift controlled within 0.4 V after irradiation and annealing. The oxides in both the cell region and junction termination region of the planar Si MOSFET are specially radiation-hardened by optimizing the device process and structure. Concerning the phenomenon of on resistance (R_DS(on)) increase after irradiation and annealing, the degradation mechanism is investigated through TCAD simulations and analytical models. The reason lies in that during irradiation forming interface states at the AlGaN/GaN interface. The annealing process accelerates the growth of interface states at the Si₃N₄/AlGaN interface. The generation of interface states at these two positions reduces the 2DEG density and mobility in the 2DEG channel, leading to an increase in R_DS(on). Through this study, the relatively mature low-voltage radiation-hardened technology can be applied in the high-voltage field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coptisine suppresses pulmonary nodule carcinogenesis by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer-associated fibroblasts via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","authors":"Jin-Liang Hu ,&nbsp;Kun Lv ,&nbsp;Jie-Zhong Hu ,&nbsp;Zheng Tang ,&nbsp;Pia Vanessa C. Basilio","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coptisine, a bioactive compound derived from <em>Coptis chinensis</em>, exerts anticancer effects by inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in primary pulmonary fibroblasts (PFCs) and inhibiting tumor-supportive cytokines. This study investigated the role of Coptisine in the malignant transformation of pulmonary nodules and its underlying mechanisms. Using an orthotopic lung cancer model and an ex vivo co-culture system, we found that Coptisine significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved pulmonary function. Experimental results demonstrated that Coptisine treatment reduced the expression of the tumor cell proliferation marker Ki67, while decreasing the levels of cancer-associated fibroblast markers α-SMA and FAP. At the molecular level, Coptisine modulated the balance of apoptosis-related proteins, characterized by the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Furthermore, this compound significantly reduced the secretion of multiple pro-tumorigenic factors, including TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-6.These findings demonstrate that berberine exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the tumor microenvironment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for early-stage lung cancer. By inducing mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), it disrupts the tumor-supporting microenvironment, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary nodules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance image features of children ependymoma and correlation between programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and pathological features in tumor tissues","authors":"Ling Li ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Weixia Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2026.102195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>The incidence of ependymoma is higher in children than in adults, and it is a major cause of poor prognosis in pediatric patients. This study aimed to analyze the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of pediatric ependymoma and the correlation between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues and clinicopathological features.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty pediatric patients with pathologically confirmed ependymoma were enrolled. MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) features were evaluated according to WHO grading. PD-L1 positivity was detected in both lesional and adjacent normal tissues, and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)min, rADC, and NAA/Cr ratios were significantly lower in WHO grade III patients than in grades I, II, and II–III, while Cho/Cr was significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The PD-L1 positivity rate was significantly higher in tumor tissues (52 %) than in adjacent normal tissues (18 %) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PD-L1 expression was significantly elevated in patients with tumor diameter ≥2 cm, partial resection, moderate-to-poor differentiation, and WHO grade III (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At the 10-month follow-up, the survival rate of PD-L1-positive patients (57.7 %) was significantly lower than that of PD-L1-negative patients (83.3 %) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DWI can differentiate between ependymoma grades and improve preoperative diagnostic efficiency. Elevated PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue is associated with aggressive features and may serve as a marker for assessing short-term prognosis in pediatric ependymoma. MRI-DWI and ¹H-MRS parameters (ADCmin, rADC, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr) reflect tumor grade and malignancy, while PD-L1 expression correlates with invasiveness and outcome. Their combination provides a more comprehensive basis for disease evaluation and prognostic assessment in pediatric ependymoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey on recent Progress on Monte Carlo simulation methods in radiation detection","authors":"Nadyah Alanazi ,&nbsp;Raghad Aljeraiwi ,&nbsp;Maram Almutairi ,&nbsp;Abdullah N. Alodhayb","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monte Carlo Simulations are methods used to simulate physical systems and evaluate physical properties that are extremely difficult to execute in real life. It is used as a golden standard tool for modeling complex radiation interactions with materials and for modeling complex detectors geometries. Such simulation methods designed for different particles transports such as protons, neutrons, and gamma-rays. In this review, we will focus on recent literature on using Monte Carlo Simulation in detecting radiations, focusing on GEANT, MCNP, and EGS toolkits highlighting their unique capabilities in simulating various particles and geometries with high accuracy, as well as recent advancements in enhancing their performance including high-performance computing integration, variance reduction techniques, and hybrid modeling approaches that combine Monte Carlo simulations with deterministic or AI-based techniques. The review outlines recent Monte Carlo simulation applications such as medical physics, particle physics, and environmental monitoring, underlining the adaptability and future potentials of Monte Carlo simulation in advanced radiation detection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}