National Science Review最新文献

{"title":"AIM: AI for microbiology.","authors":"Jun Wang, George Fu Gao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf225","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 6","pages":"nwaf225"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy leaks, lasting liabilities: elevating abandoned oil and gas wells in climate change mitigation policy.","authors":"Lena Höglund-Isaksson","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf249","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf249"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"p-d orbital hybridization induced by transition metal atom sites for room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.","authors":"Hao Tian, Yaojie Lei, Bing Sun, Cheng-Chieh Yang, Chi-Liang Chen, Tao Huang, Xiaoyue Zhang, Yong Chen, Ailing Song, Le Pang, Hongxia Wang, Chung-Li Dong, Sean C Smith, Wei-Hong Lai, Yun-Xiao Wang, Xin Tan, Hao Liu, Guoxiu Wang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf241","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For energy storage applications involving sulfur redox reactions, uniformly dispersed metal sites in sulfur hosts serve as an effective approach to facilitate electron transfer during charge and discharge cycles. In this study, we exploited a facile method to construct transitional single-atom catalysts to overcome the kinetic limitations for electron transportation in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. By the synergistic effect of polysulfide adsorption and p-d orbital hybridization between catalysts and intermediates, electron-donating and electron-capturing capabilities of different atomic sites towards sulfur redox reactions are systematically revealed. Remarkably, atomic Mn-N₄ active moiety structures possess abundant unfilled antibonding orbitals, promoting p-d hybridization and leading to superior sulfur conversion reactions. This work establishes a design paradigm for single-atom catalysts in metal-sulfur batteries by linking atomic-scale electronic features to macroscopic performance. This atomic-level engineering strategy paves the way for high-energy-density room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries, with potential extensions to other multivalent sulfur-based energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf241"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable prediction of protein-protein binding affinity changes upon mutations with Pythia-PPI.","authors":"Fangting Tao, Jinyuan Sun, Pengyue Gao, George Fu Gao, Bian Wu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf231","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for numerous biological functions and predicting binding affinity changes caused by mutations is crucial for understanding the impact of genetic variation and advancing protein engineering. Although machine-learning-based methods show promise in improving prediction accuracy, limited experimental data remain a significant bottleneck. In this study, we employed multitask learning and self-distillation to overcome the data limitation and improve the accuracy of protein-protein binding affinity prediction. By incorporating a mutation stability prediction task, our model achieved state-of-the-art accuracy on the SKEMPI dataset and was subsequently used to predict binding affinity changes for millions of mutations, generating an expanded dataset for self-distillation. Compared with prevalent methods, Pythia-PPI increased the Pearson's correlation between predictions and experimental data from 0.6447 to 0.7850 on the SKEMPI dataset and from 0.3654 to 0.6050 on the viral-receptor dataset. Experimental validation further confirmed its ability to identify high-affinity mutations on the CB6 antibody in complex with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 prototype receptor binding domain, with the best single-point mutant among the top 10 predictions showing a 2-fold increase in binding affinity. These findings demonstrate that Pythia-PPI is a valuable tool for analysing the fitness landscape of PPIs. A web server for Pythia-PPI is available at https://pythiappi.wulab.xyz for easy access.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 6","pages":"nwaf231"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New fossils imply a deeper origin of modern birds in the Mesozoic.","authors":"Shaoyuan Wu, Ziqi Tao, Liang Liu, Charles R Marshall, Scott V Edwards, Zhonghe Zhou, Frank E Rheindt","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf238","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macroevolutionary forces, such as rare catastrophes, have repeatedly disrupted and reset the evolutionary trajectories of Earth's major organismal groups. The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) extinction event, approximately 66 Ma, resulted in the demise of ∼75% of all species at the time, yet despite its magnitude, many major organismal lineages successfully passed through this mass extinction. The evolutionary origins of modern birds (crown-group Aves) remain a subject of substantial debate, as they are often thought to have undergone their primary diversification following the K/Pg boundary. In this review, we summarize the various approaches that have been applied to understanding the timing of avian diversification. We examine the inferred divergence times derived from modern phylogenomic studies based on datasets comprising 50 to over 300 whole genomes. Additionally, we evaluate the factors contributing to the continued discrepancies in divergence time estimates. Furthermore, we discuss significant new fossil discoveries from the Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous periods that reshape our understanding of key evolutionary events in early avian diversification. Taken together, the paleontological evidence increasingly supports a Cretaceous origin for many extant bird lineages, with the major burst of ordinal diversification likely occurring prior to the K/Pg boundary-concurrent with the early radiations of flowering plants, pollinating insects, mammals, fishes and other groups that characterized the Cretaceous Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf238"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Momentum-space nonsymmorphic symmetry meets higher-order topology.","authors":"Y X Zhao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Momentum-space nonsymmorphic group <i>Pnnn</i> has been achieved by alternating 0 and π fluxes in artificial crystals, enabling 3D octupole topological insulators with corner states.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf237"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective facet etching enables dendrite-less molten salt aluminum metal batteries.","authors":"Meng Zhang, Xin Tong, Lujun Zhu, Fang Liu, Yongfeng Jia, Zhitong Xiao, Daohang Fu, Kang Han, Yu Wang, Hao Zhang, Xuanpeng Wang, Jiashen Meng, Quanquan Pang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf233","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum metal batteries represent a promising alternative to lithium batteries for large-scale energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity, cost efficiency and improved safety features. However, a significant challenge lies in the polycrystalline surface nature of aluminum foil anodes, which can result in uneven aluminum deposition and increase the risk of a short circuit during cycling. Here we report a selective facet-etching method to construct a 3D porous aluminum anode (3D-Al) featuring near-single exposed (220) plane on the surface, enabling dendrite-free behavior and ultra-long cycling for aluminum batteries. The chemical etching mechanism is elucidated to showcase selective removal of the (111) and (200) planes, while preserving (220), which induces directional aluminum plating along the (220) plane. Further, the resulting 3D-Al anode possesses abundant pores and cavities, which serve as preferential sites for aluminum deposition, alleviating volume expansion and effectively inhibiting dendrite growth. The assembled 3D-Al||graphite battery displays excellent rate capability and an ultralong lifespan over 13 000 cycles at a high rate of 10.0 A g^-1. This work provides a facile yet effective strategy for suppressing aluminum dendrite formation and establishes a new avenue for advancing high-performance aluminum batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf233"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine-doped argyrodite sulfide electrolyte enables commercial LiCoO₂ use for 4.6 V high-voltage all-solid-state batteries.","authors":"Cong Dong, Zhihong Bi, Rui Li, Yuxin Ma, Bin Li, Haodong Shi, Zhizhen Zhang, Zhong-Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf217","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates for next-generation high-safety all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, they still face challenges such as low anodic stability limits and poor interfacial compatibility with high-voltage cathode active materials. Here, we present a series of fluorine-doped argyrodite sulfide SSEs, Li_5.5PS_4.5Cl_1.5-xF_x (LPSCl_1.5-xF_x) (0 < x ≤ 1.5), toward high-voltage LiCoO₂ (LCO)-based ASSLBs, via the <i>in situ</i> formation of a stable fluorine-containing passivating interphase on the cathode active materials surface. Notably, fluorine incorporation significantly raises the practical oxidation limit of LPSCl_1.5 from 2.4 to 3.5 V for LPSClF_0.5, while maintaining a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.3 mS cm^-1. This enhancement is attributed to increased lithium-ion disorder and fluorine's high electronegativity. The ASSLBs, fabricated by directly assembling an LPSClF_0.5 SSE with an uncoated commercial LCO cathode, demonstrate stable cycling with low polarization voltage at 4.3 V (vs. Li⁺/Li), achieving 92.1% capacity retention after 700 cycles at 0.2 C. Remarkably, even under a 4.6 V high-voltage condition, our battery maintains 96.2% capacity retention over 300 cycles, attributed to the <i>in situ</i> formation of a stable fluorine-containing cathode-electrolyte interphase on the LCO surface. When coupled with a lithium metal anode, Li|LPSClF_0.5|LCO ASSLB achieved stable cycling at 4.6 V and delivered 137 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. Significantly, the Si|LPSCl_1.5|LPSClF_0.5|LCO ASSLB, cycled at an ultra-high mass loading LCO of 203.8 mg cm^-2, exhibits an exceptional areal capacity of 25.7 mAh cm^-2, demonstrating immense potential of LPSClF_0.5 SSE for practical high-energy ASSLBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf217"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation on mineral dust.","authors":"Weijun Li, Akinori Ito, Guochen Wang, Minkang Zhi, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Feng Wu, Alexander Laskin, Daizhou Zhang, Xiaoye Zhang, Tong Zhu, Jianmin Chen, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Maria Kanakidou, Gehui Wang, Huilin Hu, Yue Zhao, Zongbo Shi","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf221","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant component of airborne particles that impacts air quality, health, and climate globally. Aqueous-phase reactions contribute substantially to SOA mass. However, this process is primarily treated as occurring in submicron particles that contain water, or within cloud droplets in state-of-the-art models. Here, we challenged this conventional view by showing that >50% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), predominantly SOA, is found in supermicron particles during dust events downwind of Saharan and Asian dust sources. Even on non-dust days, supermicron WSOC contributes 25%-51% of total WSOC. Microscopic analyses revealed that organic matter was only detected on aged dust containing a calcium nitrate coating, which contains water at typical ambient relative humidity conditions. This suggests that it is the water-containing nitrate coating that facilitates aqueous-phase SOA formation. By incorporating the reactive uptake of glyoxal, a key precursor of SOA, into a global model, we significantly improved the model's performance in reproducing supermicron particle contributions to total WSOC observed in the field. Using this improved model, aqueous-phase SOA formed on dust particles over the land contributes to 16% of total SOA and 28% of total aqueous-phase SOA, with levels reaching up to 67% and 74% across the 'dust belt', respectively. These results underscore the important role of aqueous-phase reactions in aged nitrate-containing dust in SOA formation, which should be incorporated into global models to quantify their potential implications for air quality, health, and climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf221"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics for wearable energy harvesting.","authors":"Yalong Wang, Hu Liu, Shiliang Zhang, Guangming Tao, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf215"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}