National Science Review最新文献_第10页

A high-velocity star recently ejected by an intermediate-mass black hole in M15.

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-10-03 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae347

Yang Huang, Qingzheng Li, Jifeng Liu, Xiaobo Dong, Huawei Zhang, Youjun Lu, Cuihua Du

{"title":"A high-velocity star recently ejected by an intermediate-mass black hole in M15.","authors":"Yang Huang, Qingzheng Li, Jifeng Liu, Xiaobo Dong, Huawei Zhang, Youjun Lu, Cuihua Du","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae347","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae347","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is crucial for understanding various astrophysical phenomena, yet their existence remains elusive, except for the LIGO-Virgo detection. We report the discovery of a high-velocity star J0731+3717, whose backward trajectory about 21 Myr ago intersected that of globular cluster M15 within the cluster tidal radius. Both its metallicity [Fe/H] and alpha-to-iron abundance ratio [[Formula: see text]/Fe] are consistent with those of M15. Furthermore, its location falls right on the fiducial sequence of cluster M15 on the color-absolute magnitude diagram, suggesting similar ages. These findings support the notion that J0731+3717 was originally associated with M15 at a confidence level of 'seven nines'. We find that such a high-velocity star ([Formula: see text] km s[Formula: see text]) was most likely tidally ejected from as close as one astronomical unit to the center of M15, confirming an IMBH ([Formula: see text] with a credibility of 98%) as the exclusive nature of the central unseen mass proposed previously.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 2","pages":"nwae347"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2'-Fluorinated nucleoside chemistry for new drug discovery: achievements and prospects. 2'-Fluorinated nucleoside chemistry for new drug discovery: achievements and prospects.

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae331

Yonggang Meng, Nannan Sun, Lan Liang, Bin Yu, Junbiao Chang

{"title":"2'-Fluorinated nucleoside chemistry for new drug discovery: achievements and prospects.","authors":"Yonggang Meng, Nannan Sun, Lan Liang, Bin Yu, Junbiao Chang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae331","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated nucleosides are an important class of modified nucleosides that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for treating various human diseases, especially viral infections and cancer. Many fluorinated nucleosides have advanced into clinical trials or have been approved by the FDA for use in patients. Among these fluorinated nucleosides, azvudine, developed by us, has been officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus, indicating the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides. In view of the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides for antiviral and anticancer therapy, in this Review we will provide a comprehensive overview of well-established 2'-fluorinated nucleosides approved for use in the market or those in clinical stages for antiviral and antitumor therapies, highlighting the drug discovery strategies, structure-activity relationship studies, mechanisms of action, and preclinical/clinical studies and also discuss the challenges and future directions for nucleoside-based new drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"11 10","pages":"nwae331"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current views on mechanisms of the FLASH effect in cancer radiotherapy. 目前对癌症放疗中 FLASH效应机制的看法。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae350

Yuqi Ma, Wenkang Zhang, Ziming Zhao, Jianfeng Lv, Junyi Chen, Xueqin Yan, XiaoJi Lin, Junlong Zhang, Bingwu Wang, Song Gao, Jie Xiao, Gen Yang

{"title":"Current views on mechanisms of the FLASH effect in cancer radiotherapy.","authors":"Yuqi Ma, Wenkang Zhang, Ziming Zhao, Jianfeng Lv, Junyi Chen, Xueqin Yan, XiaoJi Lin, Junlong Zhang, Bingwu Wang, Song Gao, Jie Xiao, Gen Yang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae350","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae350","url":null,"abstract":"FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is a new modality of radiotherapy that delivers doses with ultra-high dose rates. The FLASH effect was defined as the ability of FLASH-RT to suppress tumor growth while sparing normal tissues. Although the FLASH effect has been proven to be valid in various models by different modalities of irradiation and clinical trials of FLASH-RT have achieved promising initial success, the exact underlying mechanism is still unclear. This article summarizes mainstream hypotheses of the FLASH effect at physicochemical and biological levels, including oxygen depletion and free radical reactions, nuclear and mitochondria damage, as well as immune response. These hypotheses contribute reasonable explanations to the FLASH effect and are interconnected according to the chronological order of the organism's response to ionizing radiation. By collating the existing consensus, evidence and hypotheses, this article provides a comprehensive overview of potential mechanisms of the FLASH effect and practical guidance for future investigation in the field of FLASH-RT.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"11 10","pages":"nwae350"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ontogenetic shifts in leaf biomass allocation in crop plants. 作物叶片生物量分配的个体发育变化

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae349

Renfei Chen, Suping Xiao, Chuancong Dong, Shubin Xie, Liang Zhang, Fan Wu, Chengyi Tu, Quan-Xing Liu, Shaopeng Wang, Ülo Niinemets, Alan Hastings, Karl J Niklas, Jianming Deng

引用次数: 0

Trophic transfer of carbon-14 from algae to zebrafish leads to its blending in biomolecules and the dysregulation of metabolism via isotope effect. 碳-14从藻类向斑马鱼的营养转移导致其生物分子混合，并通过同位素效应导致代谢失调。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae346

Shipeng Dong, Renquan Deng, Hang Zeng, Pengfei Xue, Sijie Lin, Dongmei Zhou, Liang Mao

{"title":"Trophic transfer of carbon-14 from algae to zebrafish leads to its blending in biomolecules and the dysregulation of metabolism via isotope effect.","authors":"Shipeng Dong, Renquan Deng, Hang Zeng, Pengfei Xue, Sijie Lin, Dongmei Zhou, Liang Mao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae346","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae346","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-14 (C-14) has been a major contributor to the human radioactive exposure dose, as it is released into the environment from the nuclear industry in larger quantities compared to other radionuclides. This most abundant nuclide enters the biosphere as organically bound C-14 (OBC-14), posing a potential threat to public health. Yet, it remains unknown how this relatively low radiotoxic nuclide induces health risks via chemical effects, such as isotope effect. By establishing a trophic transfer model involving algae (Scenedesmus obliquus), daphnia (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), we demonstrate that rapid incorporation and transformation of inorganic C-14 by algae into OBC-14 facilitates the blending of C-14 into the biomolecules of zebrafish. We find that internalized C-14 is persistently retained in the brain of zebrafish, affecting DNA methylation and causing alterations in neuropathology. Global isotope tracing metabolomics with C-14 exposure further reveals the involvement of C-14 in various critical metabolic pathways, including one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. We thus characterize the kinetic isotope effects for 12C/14C in the key reactions of these metabolic pathways through kinetic experiments and density functional theory computations, showing that the isotopic substitution of carbon in biochemicals regulates metabolism by disrupting reaction ratios via isotope effects. Our results suggest that inorganic C-14 discharged by the nuclear industry can be biotransformed into OBC-14 to impact metabolism via isotope effects, providing new insights into understanding the health risk of C-14, which is traditionally considered as a low radiotoxic nuclide.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"nwae346"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extremely low lattice thermal conductivity in light-element solid materials. 在轻元素固体材料中晶格导热系数极低。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae345

Ni Ma, Lu Liu, Runhua Wu, Juping Xu, Wen Yin, Kai Li, Wei Bai, Jiong Yang, Chong Xiao, Yi Xie

{"title":"Extremely low lattice thermal conductivity in light-element solid materials.","authors":"Ni Ma, Lu Liu, Runhua Wu, Juping Xu, Wen Yin, Kai Li, Wei Bai, Jiong Yang, Chong Xiao, Yi Xie","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae345","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae345","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice thermal conductivity (κ l) is of great importance in basic sciences and in energy conversion applications. However, low-κ l crystalline materials have only been obtained from heavy elements, which typically exhibit poor stability and possible toxicity. Thus, low-κ l materials composed of light elements should be explored. Herein, light elements with hierarchical structures in a simple square-net lattice as well as a small discrepancy in atomic mass and radius exhibit low κ l. The hierarchical structure exhibits various chemical bonds and asymmetric geometry of building units, resulting in flat phonon branches and strong phonon-phonon interactions similar to those observed in heavy-element materials. These phenomena generate a large phonon anharmonicity, which is the prerequisite for achieving extremely low κ l. For example, KCu4Se3 exhibits an extremely low κ l of 0.12 W/(m·K) at 573 K, which is lower than that of most heavy-element materials. These findings can reshape our fundamental understanding of thermal transport properties of materials and advance the design of low-κ l solids comprising light elements.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"nwae345"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid and large-scale glycopeptide enrichment strategy based on chemical ligation. 基于化学连接的快速、大规模糖肽富集策略。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae341

Yingying Xiong, Zhuoer Lu, Yuyin Shao, Peiyi Meng, Guoli Wang, Xinwen Zhou, Jun Yao, Huimin Bao, Haojie Lu

{"title":"Rapid and large-scale glycopeptide enrichment strategy based on chemical ligation.","authors":"Yingying Xiong, Zhuoer Lu, Yuyin Shao, Peiyi Meng, Guoli Wang, Xinwen Zhou, Jun Yao, Huimin Bao, Haojie Lu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae341","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae341","url":null,"abstract":"Protein glycosylation, the most universal post-translational modification, is thought to play a crucial role in regulating multiple essential cellular processes. However, the low abundance of glycoproteins and the heterogeneity of glycans complicate their comprehensive analysis. Here, we develop a rapid and large-scale glycopeptide enrichment strategy via bioorthogonal ligation and trypsin cleavage. The enrichment process is performed in one tube to minimize sample loss and time costs. This method combines convenience and practicality, identifying over 900 O-GlcNAc sites from a 500 μg sample. Surprisingly, it allows simultaneous identification of N-glycosites, O-GlcNAc sites, O-GalNAc sites and N-glycans via a two-step enzymatic release strategy. Combined with quantitative analysis, it reveals the distinct O-GlcNAcylation patterns in different compartments during oxidative stress. In summary, our study offers a convenient and robust tool for glycoproteome and glycome profiling, facilitating in-depth analysis to elucidate the biological functions of glycosylation.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"11 11","pages":"nwae341"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence-guided strategies for next-generation biological sequence design. 人工智能指导下的新一代生物序列设计策略。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae343

Pengcheng Zhang, Lei Wei, Jiaqi Li, Xiaowo Wang

引用次数: 0

General-purpose pre-trained large cellular models for single-cell transcriptomics. 用于单细胞转录组学的通用预训练大型细胞模型。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae340

Haiyang Bian, Yixin Chen, Erpai Luo, Xinze Wu, Minsheng Hao, Lei Wei, Xuegong Zhang

引用次数: 0

Flexible multimaterial fibers in modern biomedical applications. 现代生物医学应用中的柔性多材料纤维。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2024-09-23 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae333

Jongwoon Kim, Xiaoting Jia

{"title":"Flexible multimaterial fibers in modern biomedical applications.","authors":"Jongwoon Kim, Xiaoting Jia","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae333","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical devices are indispensable in modern healthcare, significantly enhancing patients' quality of life. Recently, there has been a drastic increase in innovations for the fabrication of biomedical devices. Amongst these fabrication methods, the thermal drawing process has emerged as a versatile and scalable process for the development of advanced biomedical devices. By thermally drawing a macroscopic preform, which is meticulously designed and integrated with functional materials, hundreds of meters of multifunctional fibers are produced. These scalable flexible multifunctional fibers are embedded with functionalities such as electrochemical sensing, drug delivery, light delivery, temperature sensing, chemical sensing, pressure sensing, etc. In this review, we summarize the fabrication method of thermally drawn multifunctional fibers and highlight recent developments in thermally drawn fibers for modern biomedical application, including neural interfacing, chemical sensing, tissue engineering, cancer treatment, soft robotics and smart wearables. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions of this rapidly growing field.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"11 10","pages":"nwae333"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0