National Science Review最新文献

{"title":"Fluorine-doped argyrodite sulfide electrolyte enables commercial LiCoO₂ use for 4.6 V high-voltage all-solid-state batteries.","authors":"Cong Dong, Zhihong Bi, Rui Li, Yuxin Ma, Bin Li, Haodong Shi, Zhizhen Zhang, Zhong-Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf217","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates for next-generation high-safety all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, they still face challenges such as low anodic stability limits and poor interfacial compatibility with high-voltage cathode active materials. Here, we present a series of fluorine-doped argyrodite sulfide SSEs, Li_5.5PS_4.5Cl_1.5-xF_x (LPSCl_1.5-xF_x) (0 < x ≤ 1.5), toward high-voltage LiCoO₂ (LCO)-based ASSLBs, via the <i>in situ</i> formation of a stable fluorine-containing passivating interphase on the cathode active materials surface. Notably, fluorine incorporation significantly raises the practical oxidation limit of LPSCl_1.5 from 2.4 to 3.5 V for LPSClF_0.5, while maintaining a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.3 mS cm^-1. This enhancement is attributed to increased lithium-ion disorder and fluorine's high electronegativity. The ASSLBs, fabricated by directly assembling an LPSClF_0.5 SSE with an uncoated commercial LCO cathode, demonstrate stable cycling with low polarization voltage at 4.3 V (vs. Li⁺/Li), achieving 92.1% capacity retention after 700 cycles at 0.2 C. Remarkably, even under a 4.6 V high-voltage condition, our battery maintains 96.2% capacity retention over 300 cycles, attributed to the <i>in situ</i> formation of a stable fluorine-containing cathode-electrolyte interphase on the LCO surface. When coupled with a lithium metal anode, Li|LPSClF_0.5|LCO ASSLB achieved stable cycling at 4.6 V and delivered 137 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. Significantly, the Si|LPSCl_1.5|LPSClF_0.5|LCO ASSLB, cycled at an ultra-high mass loading LCO of 203.8 mg cm^-2, exhibits an exceptional areal capacity of 25.7 mAh cm^-2, demonstrating immense potential of LPSClF_0.5 SSE for practical high-energy ASSLBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf217"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous iron-based redox flow batteries for large-scale energy storage.","authors":"Cailing He, Yiming Zhang, Shuangbin Zhang, Xiyue Peng, Jens Noack, Maria Skyllas-Kazacos, Lianzhou Wang, Bin Luo","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf218","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid advancement of flow batteries offers a promising pathway to addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Among them, iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are a compelling choice for future energy storage systems due to their excellent safety, cost-effectiveness and scalability. However, the advancement of various types of iron-based ARFBs is hindered by several critical challenges, including hydrogen evolution, inferior reversibility of metal deposition and stripping, and undesirable dendrite formation in hybrid flow systems with metal plating/stripping on the negative electrode. Additionally, all-soluble iron-based ARFBs face limitations in redox species solubility and electrolyte stability. To address these issues, various strategies have been developed, such as modifications to electrolytes, electrodes and separators, as well as flow stack optimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of iron-based ARFBs, categorizing them into dissolution-deposition and all-soluble flow battery systems. It highlights recent advancements in the field and explores future prospects, focusing on four key areas: materials innovation and mechanistic understanding; flow battery system design and engineering; new electrochemistry explorations; and interdisciplinary strategies. By offering insights into these emerging directions, this review aims to support the continued research and development of iron-based flow batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf218"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation on mineral dust.","authors":"Weijun Li, Akinori Ito, Guochen Wang, Minkang Zhi, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Feng Wu, Alexander Laskin, Daizhou Zhang, Xiaoye Zhang, Tong Zhu, Jianmin Chen, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Maria Kanakidou, Gehui Wang, Huilin Hu, Yue Zhao, Zongbo Shi","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf221","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant component of airborne particles that impacts air quality, health, and climate globally. Aqueous-phase reactions contribute substantially to SOA mass. However, this process is primarily treated as occurring in submicron particles that contain water, or within cloud droplets in state-of-the-art models. Here, we challenged this conventional view by showing that >50% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), predominantly SOA, is found in supermicron particles during dust events downwind of Saharan and Asian dust sources. Even on non-dust days, supermicron WSOC contributes 25%-51% of total WSOC. Microscopic analyses revealed that organic matter was only detected on aged dust containing a calcium nitrate coating, which contains water at typical ambient relative humidity conditions. This suggests that it is the water-containing nitrate coating that facilitates aqueous-phase SOA formation. By incorporating the reactive uptake of glyoxal, a key precursor of SOA, into a global model, we significantly improved the model's performance in reproducing supermicron particle contributions to total WSOC observed in the field. Using this improved model, aqueous-phase SOA formed on dust particles over the land contributes to 16% of total SOA and 28% of total aqueous-phase SOA, with levels reaching up to 67% and 74% across the 'dust belt', respectively. These results underscore the important role of aqueous-phase reactions in aged nitrate-containing dust in SOA formation, which should be incorporated into global models to quantify their potential implications for air quality, health, and climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf221"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics for wearable energy harvesting.","authors":"Yalong Wang, Hu Liu, Shiliang Zhang, Guangming Tao, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf215"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design methodology of a promising category of metal phosphate electrodes for quasi-solid-state proton batteries.","authors":"Yijun Zhong, Leqi Zhao, Daqin Guan, Zehua Wang, Hongwei Wu, Jingyuan Liu, Zongping Shao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf226","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A proton battery is a low-cost and safe alternative to a Li-ion battery. However, limited electrode options, especially cathodes, stably perform in acidic electrolytes and many of them show large voltage decreases along with the depth of discharge. Herein, an all-phosphate configuration is proposed to open up an avenue for a promising category of metal phosphate electrodes. Fe^2+/3+ and Mn^2+/3+ are investigated, for the first time, as example redox couples of phosphates for anode and cathode, respectively. The dynamic electronic and structural variations during the proton (de)-insertion process are captured using <i>in-situ</i> X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). <i>In-situ</i> distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis reveals that the insufficient charge transfer hinders the performance, which is optimized by forming a phosphate-carbon composite. An NH₄MnPO₄·H₂O-carbon composite presents a capacity of 121 mAh g^-1 with flat voltage profiles and excellent high-rate performance at 150 A g^-1. A full quasi-solid-state proton battery demonstrates smooth operation for 5000 cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf226"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12225172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of next-generation energy storage: an interview with Zaiping Guo.","authors":"Yuxiang Hu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy storage systems have been attracting ever-increasing interest in recent decades, especially metal-ion batteries. As the predominant electrochemical energy storage technology, lithium-ion batteries still encounter critical challenges when deployed in various applications, especially for grid-scale energy storage, including inherent safety concerns, resource scarcity and high lifecycle costs across the production and recycling processes. These limitations significantly hinder their capacity to meet the exponentially growing demand for energy storage solutions. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to develop innovative energy storage systems that synergistically integrate enhanced safety profiles, cost-effectiveness and superior electrochemical performance. Such technological advancements are crucial for enabling next-generation energy storage and advancing global carbon neutrality objectives. How can we address existing issues and develop the post-lithium-ion-batteries for future society? NSR conducted an in-depth discussion with Prof. Zaiping Guo, who is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, and an ARC Laureate Professor at the School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide. Her pioneering work focuses on advanced electrode architectures and electrolyte engineering for various battery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf223"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear frequency-doubling up-conversion in sulfide minerals enables deep-sea oxygenic photosynthesis.","authors":"Yan Li, Jiaqi Zhu, Qi Li, Hao Hong, Tao Li, Haoning Jia, Bingxu Hou, Houze Lu, Yanzhang Li, Jin Xie, Fuchen Wang, Huan Ye, Kaihui Liu, Anhuai Lu, Jindong Zhao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf219","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visible light emission exceeding purely thermal radiation has been imaged at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained. Here, we show that visible light can be produced from geothermal infrared radiation via nonlinear frequency-doubling up-conversion in sulfide minerals that are abundant in hydrothermal vents. Chalcopyrite exhibits significant second harmonic generation, which is further amplified under high pressure, yielding a 400-700 nm photon flux three orders of magnitude greater than blackbody emission. When exposed to 1064 nm of irradiation, chalcopyrite induces fluorescence responses in the cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 7002 at 656 and 685 nm, suggesting that the up-converted 532 nm light is absorbed by phycobilisomes and transferred to photosystem II. Metagenomic analysis reveals a strong correlation between cyanobacteria and high-temperature, chalcopyrite-rich vents. Similar up-conversion processes have also been observed in other sulfide minerals, emitting wavelengths covering the entire visible spectrum. These findings unveil a novel mineral-mediated photonic mechanism that generates biologically relevant visible light at hydrothermal vents, which can be harnessed by oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria in Earth's deep biosphere and possibly beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 6","pages":"nwaf219"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal organoids-on-chip uncover muscle-bone communication under intermittent hypoxia.","authors":"Xianqin Tong, Minchao Liu, Jiao Li, Weihua Zhang, Rong Hu, Gang Yang, Jiajia Deng, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaomin Li, Yuehua Liu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf214","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle and bone have intimate biochemical associations spatiotemporally. Yet, the muscle-bone dynamic alterations under intermittent hypoxia (IH) remain unclear, primarily due to the lack of suitable microphysiological models. Herein, we developed a novel musculoskeletal organoids-on-chip (MSK OoC), advancing an integrated study of muscle-bone biochemical communication and personalized interventional strategies. Within this MSK OoC, muscle organoids (MOs) replicate <i>in vivo</i> micro-architecture, while bone organoids mimic both the formation and remodeling processes. Utilizing MSK OoC, we discovered that IH-induced muscle pathology suppressed osteogenesis but stimulated osteoclastogenesis. The mitochondria protein Sirt3 in muscle played a pivotal role in regulating bone metabolism via myokine Cxcl5. Besides, mitochondria-targeting sequence-mediated Sirt3 overexpression in MOs effectively reversed bone deterioration. To validate mitochondria-targeted therapeutics, a Janus silica nano-vehicle was adopted to deliver resveratrol upon MSK OoC, effectively rescuing the pathological muscle-bone dysfunction. This study highlights the potential of the MSK OoC platform for investigating interorgan communication and developing precise nanomedicine therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf214"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceleration of ultrafast demagnetization in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂ in high magnetic field.","authors":"Zhou Wang, Tao Sun, Zhongzhu Jiang, Mengju Yuan, Yuan Huang, Yifan Ren, De Hou, Tao Li, Xinyu Liu, Xuan Luo, Yisheng Chai, Alexey Kimel, Yuping Sun, Zhigao Sheng","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf185","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms of ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization of ferromagnets have been among the most heavily debated topics in ultrafast magnetism from the very beginning of the field. Here, we demonstrate that the timescale and the efficiency of ultrafast demagnetization of two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂, excited by femtosecond laser pulses, can be efficiently accelerated by an external magnetic field. With a 1 T magnetic field at Curie temperature (<i>T</i> _C) = 210 K femtosecond laser excitation causes demagnetization of the ferromagnet by 79% within 22.2 ps, while the application of the field at 7 T can suppress the demagnetization efficiency down to 52% and accelerate the process so that it is completed within 9.9 ps. We also reveal that the efficiency and the timescale can be varied in a similar way by changing the temperature of the sample, and the magneto-effect is more pronounced in the middle temperature region (90 to 210 K). Based on these observations we propose a thermodynamic explanation of the findings within the frames of a three-temperature model and without the involvement of any peculiarities to the electronic structure of van der Waals materials. Hence, our work emphasizes that controlling ultrafast demagnetization with the help of an applied magnetic field must be a general phenomenon, which is not limited to van der Waals materials, and thus must also be observed in other magnets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf185"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metal-organic framework neuron.","authors":"Zheng Li, Miao-Hua Chen, Qing-Qing Wu, Cheng Yuan, Jing-Juan Xu, Hong-Yuan Chen, Wei-Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf213","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand for deep human-machine fusion propels the development of artificial neurons. However, emulating the neuronal spiking in aqueous environments remains challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently shown promise in neuromorphic engineering compatible with aqueous operation. Here, we report a MOF neuron with real neurotransmitter-dopamine (DA)-tunable spikes for the first time. Based on the DA mediation, some sophisticated neuronal functions, including integration-and-firing, synaptic facilitation-induced spike broadening and DA-tunable spiking number and width, were mimicked. DA-mediated spikes in this MOF neuron were further implemented to exquisitely control peripheral equipment. This work introduces the concept of a MOF neuron interfaced with a real neurotransmitter in fluids, providing a new perspective for artificial neuron development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 7","pages":"nwaf213"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}