National Science Review最新文献_第3页

Discovery of unobservable parameters via physical embedding. 通过物理嵌入发现不可观察的参数。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-19 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag508

Le Cheng, Xiaoran Liu, Lingjin Kong, Haitao Zhao, Jun Xiong, Fanglin Gu, Xiaoying Zhang, Baoquan Ren, Jibo Wei, Hao Yin

{"title":"Discovery of unobservable parameters via physical embedding.","authors":"Le Cheng, Xiaoran Liu, Lingjin Kong, Haitao Zhao, Jun Xiong, Fanglin Gu, Xiaoying Zhang, Baoquan Ren, Jibo Wei, Hao Yin","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag508","url":null,"abstract":"Recovering a source signal from indirect measurements often depends on parameters that cannot be observed directly, such as wireless channel states or MRI coil sensitivities. We introduce Physics-Embedded Inverse Learning (PEIL), which embeds a fixed, differentiable inverse solver and uses signal recovery to supervise their estimation without parameter labels. PEIL makes parameter selection task-optimal: each setting is judged by the reconstruction it produces through the fixed solver, rather than by its agreement with nominal labels. In locally non-identifiable regimes, different settings yield nearly equivalent reconstructions, allowing the loss to favour those better suited to the fixed solver. Non-identifiability thus becomes a resource for recovery. In high-mobility wireless communications, PEIL generalises to unseen channel profiles and velocities without retraining and reaches comparable recovery performance using 20-fold fewer training samples than baselines trained with parameter labels. At high SNR, it also achieves a lower symbol error rate than an oracle-reference least-squares baseline using true pilot-channel values and fixed interpolation. In parallel MRI, without sensitivity-map labels or a separate calibration step, PEIL discovers stable coil sensitivity maps with magnitude structure consistent with a calibration reference and reconstructs anatomically faithful images. Together, these results show that a fixed inverse solver can make unobservable parameters learnable from signal recovery.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 18","pages":"nwag508"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineered limestone: closing the carbon loop through geo- and bio-inspired mineralization. 工程石灰石：通过地质和生物激发的矿化关闭碳循环。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag485

Zhichao Liu, Meicheng Zhao, Shuguang Hu, Xiaoyu Yang, Fazhou Wang

引用次数: 0

Tradition of wrapping grains in funerary rituals 2200 years ago. 2200年前的丧葬仪式中包裹谷物的传统。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag504

Fan Yang, Yong Ge, Ling Fang, Haiyan Wang, Shuzhi Wang, Jiajun Wang, Zhiguo Zhang

引用次数: 0

Unlocking high-sulfur-content cathodes by an all-in-one high-entropy sulfide catalyst for all-solid-state Li-S batteries. 全固态锂电池用一体化高熵硫化物催化剂解锁高含硫量阴极

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag501

Ruqin Ma, Yong Cheng, Mintao Su, Hongxin Lin, Chuanjing Xu, Wenhua Zuo, Siyuan Pan, Gongkai Wang, Yu Luo, Chenpeng Xie, Zhifeng He, Haoyue Zhong, Yuqi Wu, Weilin Huang, Huiyang Gou, Zhengliang Gong, Ming-Sheng Wang, Yong Yang

{"title":"Unlocking high-sulfur-content cathodes by an all-in-one high-entropy sulfide catalyst for all-solid-state Li-S batteries.","authors":"Ruqin Ma, Yong Cheng, Mintao Su, Hongxin Lin, Chuanjing Xu, Wenhua Zuo, Siyuan Pan, Gongkai Wang, Yu Luo, Chenpeng Xie, Zhifeng He, Haoyue Zhong, Yuqi Wu, Weilin Huang, Huiyang Gou, Zhengliang Gong, Ming-Sheng Wang, Yong Yang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag501","url":null,"abstract":"Transition-metal sulfide (TMS) catalysis is a promising strategy for accelerating sulfur redox kinetics, yet its catalytic mechanisms in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) remain poorly understood. Here, two distinct catalytic failure modes are identified in conversion-type and intercalation-type TMS catalysts, namely, phase-separation-driven catalyst self-poisoning and transition-metal-migration-induced electrolyte degradation, respectively. Guided by these insights, we develop an all-in-one high-entropy sulfide (HES) catalyst that undergoes a solid-solution reaction to form a stable Li x HES phase. This Li x HES functions as both a dual ion-electron conductor, expanding the electrochemically active reaction zone, and an interfacial redox mediator, driving spontaneous Li2S oxidation, thereby promoting extensive and rapid S↔Li2S conversion. With only 3 wt% HES, the S@HES cathode (40 wt% S) achieves 93.4% sulfur utilization and 93.0% conversion efficiency. Even at 50 wt% sulfur, the cell retains a capacity of 900 mAh g-1 at 5 mA cm-2 (2C) over 250 cycles. Furthermore, a high areal capacity of 9.68 mAh cm-2 is delivered under demanding conditions (8.5 mg cm-2, 30°C), highlighting the great promise of the HES catalytic strategy for energy-dense ASSLSBs.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 18","pages":"nwag501"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropogenic climate change is causing stronger and more extreme western Pacific subtropical high. 人为气候变化正在引起更强、更极端的西太平洋副热带高压。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag497

Yanxin Zheng, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung, Shuanglin Li, Banglin Zhang

{"title":"Anthropogenic climate change is causing stronger and more extreme western Pacific subtropical high.","authors":"Yanxin Zheng, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung, Shuanglin Li, Banglin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag497","url":null,"abstract":"The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is a crucial system controlling weather anomalies in East Asia. Early studies defined the WPSH using either thermodynamic or dynamic metrics, but these metrics yield inconsistent trends and coverages in WPSH under anthropogenic warming. Subsequently, consensus on the response of WPSH to climate change has not been reached. Here, we investigate the response of WPSH to past and future climate change by developing a novel WPSH definition based on thermodynamic-dynamic synergy, which provides higher trend consistency of WPSH and better spatiotemporal agreement with weather anomalies. Our results reveal robust increases in WPSH area (0.25-1.03 × 105 km2/decade) and intensity (0.35-1.98 × 105 km2 gpm/decade), as well as a northwestward extension of WPSH boundary (-0.18 to -0.32 °E/decade), under a warmer climate, which are consistent across datasets and supported by a strong inter-model consensus. Particularly, climate models project an increased likelihood of record-breaking WPSH events on both seasonal and synoptic scales, with stronger intensity, longer durations, and higher occurrences under higher-emission scenarios. The findings indicate an increasing exposure of human societies to intense monsoon rainfall and heatwave risks associated with WPSH beyond historical records.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 18","pages":"nwag497"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the potential of urban greenery for extreme heat and ozone mitigation in Northern Hemisphere cities. 揭示城市绿化对北半球城市极端高温和臭氧缓解的潜力。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag494

Mengmeng Li, Yuting Lu, Xin Huang, Hui Zhang, Zilin Wang, Yue Qin, Jun Ge, Xueyu Zhou, Wei Wang, Wenjie Wang, Nan Wang, Tijian Wang, Minghuai Wang, Haishan Chen, Aijun Ding

{"title":"Unraveling the potential of urban greenery for extreme heat and ozone mitigation in Northern Hemisphere cities.","authors":"Mengmeng Li, Yuting Lu, Xin Huang, Hui Zhang, Zilin Wang, Yue Qin, Jun Ge, Xueyu Zhou, Wei Wang, Wenjie Wang, Nan Wang, Tijian Wang, Minghuai Wang, Haishan Chen, Aijun Ding","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag494","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwag494","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating exposure to extreme heat and ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a principal challenge for cities worldwide. While urban greening is widely advocated for mitigating extreme heat, its impacts on compound heat-O3 pollution remain poorly understood due to intricate urban meteorology-chemistry coupling. By integrating observations, reanalysis data, and urban-land-atmosphere modeling, we demonstrate that urban greenery provides a notable yet uneven cooling effect of -0.26°C to -1.08°C in Northern Hemisphere's metropolises, shaped by greenery fraction and local climate. Furthermore, the nonlinearly weakened O3 photochemical production within a greenery-stabilized urban boundary layer is capable of decreasing O3 in populated city centers. Despite the dual positive effects in alleviating heat and O3 exposures meteorologically, greenery-boosted biogenic emissions could chemically raise urban O3 via supplementing precursors, totally by up to 7.6 µg m-3. These findings underscore the need to incorporate fully coupled urban meteorology-chemistry interactions in urban greening strategies to achieve climatic and environmental co-benefits.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 17","pages":"nwag494"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WiFo-2: a generalist foundation model unifies heterogeneous wireless system design. wiwi -2：统一异构无线系统设计的通用基础模型。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag500

Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

{"title":"WiFo-2: a generalist foundation model unifies heterogeneous wireless system design.","authors":"Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag500","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwag500","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging sixth-generation wireless systems are increasingly heterogeneous, with compatibility across diverse configurations, ubiquitous coverage, and expanded functionalities. Although deep learning has substantially benefited wireless system design, existing approaches are typically trained for specific system settings and scenarios with limited generalizability. Here, we present WiFo-2, a space-time-frequency foundation model for unified wireless communications and sensing system design. Pretrained on a heterogeneous dataset of 11.6 billion channel state information points, WiFo-2 learns generalized wireless representations across scenarios, configurations, and tasks, and exhibits scaling-law behavior. WiFo-2 achieves reliable and accurate zero-shot channel reconstruction, outperforming fully supervised task-specific models. With only 1% of the training samples required by supervised AI models, WiFo-2 achieves state-of-the-art performance across nine distinct wireless tasks. A functional hardware prototype further demonstrates its real-world deployability and superior capability across diverse wireless tasks. This work provides a versatile wireless design framework and advances understanding of wireless channels.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 18","pages":"nwag500"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mid-infrared vision sensor based on suspended perovskite oxides down to nanometer scale. 基于悬浮钙钛矿氧化物纳米级的中红外视觉传感器。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag499

Haozhe Li, Haoran Mu, Wenzhi Yu, Yang Zhou, Kaiwen Gong, Yun Li, Jianxian He, Chen Chen, Jinkui Zhao, Daohua Zhang, Xiaoxue Song, Yuan Yang, Fang Wang, Guanyu Zhang, Shenghuang Lin

{"title":"Mid-infrared vision sensor based on suspended perovskite oxides down to nanometer scale.","authors":"Haozhe Li, Haoran Mu, Wenzhi Yu, Yang Zhou, Kaiwen Gong, Yun Li, Jianxian He, Chen Chen, Jinkui Zhao, Daohua Zhang, Xiaoxue Song, Yuan Yang, Fang Wang, Guanyu Zhang, Shenghuang Lin","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag499","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwag499","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent mid-infrared (MIR) imaging integrates in-sensor preprocessing of thermal information, thereby reducing data redundancy and improving target-recognition robustness under low-visibility conditions. However, unlike in the visible regime, photoconductive programmability in the MIR typically relies on narrow-bandgap materials, which inherently limit stable and reconfigurable operation. Here, we report a programmable photothermoelectric detector based on a suspended nanometer-thick SrTiO3 membrane. Dimensional scaling of the thermoelectric channel enhances sensitivity and enables a response time of ∼10 μs, over 104 times faster than bulk SrTiO3. Through dual-gate electrostatic modulation of the Seebeck profile, the device exhibits bidirectionally tunable photothermoelectric responsivity up to 50 V W-1 and supports 40 experimentally observed programmable response states. By leveraging a 3 × 3 programmable device array with device-to-device consistent gate-programmable photoresponse and reproducible polarity switching, a recognition accuracy of 83% is achieved under visually degraded conditions. Furthermore, the programmable array enables attention-guided thermal image weighting by enhancing target thermal signatures while suppressing background interference. These results demonstrate the dimensional scaling of perovskite oxides as an effective route toward adaptive, low-power machine vision and neuromorphic infrared electronics.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 18","pages":"nwag499"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid consumption of H₂ in the deep subsurface. 地下深层氢气消耗迅速。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag496

Hao Xie, Ting Xu, Xiaomei Wang, Kun He, Yongbo Peng, Chunlong Yang, Fengtai Tong, Shanyu Han, John M Eiler, Huiming Bao

{"title":"Rapid consumption of H2 in the deep subsurface.","authors":"Hao Xie, Ting Xu, Xiaomei Wang, Kun He, Yongbo Peng, Chunlong Yang, Fengtai Tong, Shanyu Han, John M Eiler, Huiming Bao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwag496","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwag496","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface natural hydrogen is an emerging clean energy resource, but its origins, loss mechanisms and cycling timescales, particularly at greater depths, remain poorly constrained. Here, we report large disequilibrium in the clumped isotopes of H2 (2H2H) and hydrogen isotope fractionation between water and H2, measured in gas samples (containing 0.10%-1.59% H2) collected from deep (3000-7000 m) wells in the central Sichuan Basin. Because molecular hydrogen can equilibrate isotopes rapidly in the presence of water, such large disequilibrium indicates active kinetically controlled production and/or consumption. Analyses of geological and chemical evidence demonstrate that isotopic disequilibrium is driven by consumption by chemical reactions in host rocks coupled with partial hydrogen exchange with co-existing water. The results imply that measured compositions do not preserve the information on original sources and processes. More broadly, the dynamic cycling of hydrogen renders sediment-hosted deep gas reservoirs unfavorable for long-term or large-scale accumulation of natural hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"13 17","pages":"nwag496"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network of spin-based sensors constrains topological dark matter. 基于自旋的传感器网络约束拓扑暗物质。

IF 18.1 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2026-08-14 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag492

Dmitry Budker

引用次数: 0