National Science Review最新文献_第3页

Charge-separated state trap: a new strategy for constructing high-performance organic scintillators. 电荷分离态阱：构建高性能有机闪烁体的新策略。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-20 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf104

Zhiyong Tang

引用次数: 0

Ultraslow mid-ocean ridges: ultra focused magma supply. 超低洋中脊：超集中岩浆供应。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-19 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf101

Jian Lin, Fan Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhou

引用次数: 0

A nacre-inspired structural material with thermochromic properties and mechanical robustness by atomic-level design. 一种受珍珠启发的结构材料，通过原子水平设计具有热致变色性能和机械坚固性。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-17 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf098

Jun Pang, Ze-Yu Wang, Tao Song, Zhen-Bang Zhang, Yu-Feng Meng, Si-Chao Zhang, Long Zhang, Wei-Yi Xing, Shu-Hong Yu

{"title":"A nacre-inspired structural material with thermochromic properties and mechanical robustness by atomic-level design.","authors":"Jun Pang, Ze-Yu Wang, Tao Song, Zhen-Bang Zhang, Yu-Feng Meng, Si-Chao Zhang, Long Zhang, Wei-Yi Xing, Shu-Hong Yu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf098","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced structural materials are often required to exhibit a combination of light weight, high strength and superior toughness. Biomimetic strategies hold promise for achieving these seemingly conflicting mechanical properties simultaneously. However, current biomimetic structural materials lack active fire-warning and passive flame-retardant functionalities, which poses risks for their application in fire-prone scenarios. Herein, we present a nacre-mimetic alumina-cyanate resin composite (NAC) that has a combination of mechanical robustness with thermochromic and flame-retardant properties. Through controlled atomic doping, chromium atoms are incorporated into alumina microplatelets, forming solid-solution assembly units that exhibit reversible thermochromism and a solid-solution-strengthening effect. The bioinspired 'brick-and-mortar' structure endows the NAC with high strength (∼290.1 MPa) and fracture toughness (∼11.1 MPa m1/2). Coupled with a machine-learning-based image-recognition system, the NAC leverages its thermochromic properties to deliver a rapid fire warning within 9 s at 250°C, which is significantly faster than traditional electronic fire alarms. Its layered structure effectively impedes oxygen flow, achieving an oxygen-limiting index of 50%, and thus ensuring excellent flame-retardant performance. This design delays the combustion peak and reduces the heat-release value, thereby enhancing the flame-retardant performance. This work demonstrates the effective integration of a structural and functional design for active early fire warning and passive flame retardancy, paving the way for structural materials in advanced fire-warning systems in challenging environments.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 5","pages":"nwaf098"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing electrolytes by thermodynamics. 用热力学设计电解质。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-17 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf100

Yaozu Wang, Huicong Yang, Tianzhao Hu, Nan Piao, Feng Li, Hui-Ming Cheng

{"title":"Designing electrolytes by thermodynamics.","authors":"Yaozu Wang, Huicong Yang, Tianzhao Hu, Nan Piao, Feng Li, Hui-Ming Cheng","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf100","url":null,"abstract":"The immature design theory of electrolytes limits their targeted solvation structure formation and application in batteries. Here, based on the precondition that an electrolyte or solution is a system at a thermodynamic equilibrium state, we try to develop a thermodynamic theory to guide the electrolyte solvation structure design. In this theory, thermodynamic competitive equilibrium between cation-solvent interaction and cation-anion interaction, and between enthalpy and entropy, are two key points determining solute dissolution and formation of various solvation structures. Using this thermodynamic competitive equilibrium theory, the essential principle of all the recently developed electrolyte systems such as high concentration electrolyte, localized high concentration electrolyte, weak solvated electrolyte, anion coordination electrolyte and high-entropy electrolytes can be perfectly explained. We hope that this theory can help accelerate the development of electrolyte study, and enlighten the emergence of advanced electrolytes with unique solvation structures and attractive properties.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 5","pages":"nwaf100"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Redox energy barrier management for efficient tin-lead perovskite solar cells. 高效锡铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的氧化还原能量屏障管理。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-12 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf097

Zhangwei He, Feng Wang, Yiman Dong, Yuling Zhang, Runnan Yu, Feng Gao, Zhan'ao Tan

引用次数: 0

Methane and nitrous oxide budget for Chinese natural terrestrial ecosystems. 中国陆地自然生态系统的甲烷和氧化亚氮收支。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-11 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf094

Tingting Li, Xinyi Liu, Jiahui Tian, Wenping Yuan, Xuhui Wang, Xiu-Qun Yang, Songbai Hong, Yilong Wang, Qiuan Zhu, Lijun Yu, Jiangzhou Xia, Han Xiao, Minqi Liang, Shihua Li, Zimeng Li, Yingxuan Wang, Kerou Zhang, Min Xu, Zhangcai Qin

{"title":"Methane and nitrous oxide budget for Chinese natural terrestrial ecosystems.","authors":"Tingting Li, Xinyi Liu, Jiahui Tian, Wenping Yuan, Xuhui Wang, Xiu-Qun Yang, Songbai Hong, Yilong Wang, Qiuan Zhu, Lijun Yu, Jiangzhou Xia, Han Xiao, Minqi Liang, Shihua Li, Zimeng Li, Yingxuan Wang, Kerou Zhang, Min Xu, Zhangcai Qin","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf094","url":null,"abstract":"China's natural terrestrial ecosystems (NTEs) are significant sources and sinks of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), two potent non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. This article reviews CH₄ and N₂O inventories for China's NTEs, derived from site-specific extrapolation and models, to elucidate their spatiotemporal emission patterns. Despite progress, significant gaps remain, including large uncertainties due to model limitations and inconsistent driving data, insufficient assessments of integrated global warming potential (GWP) under long-term land-use and climate changes, the lack of freshwater emission inventories, and the need for more observations, refined prior sectoral contributions, and novel methods like isotopic signature applications in machine-learning and inversion techniques. This review offers a new perspective by compiling a new CH₄ and N₂O inventory and evaluating their integrated GWP for 1980-2020, developed using multi-model approaches to assess climate and land-use impacts. The review underscores the importance of CH₄ and N₂O sources and sinks, offering recommendations to enhance carbon sequestration and reduce emissions.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 4","pages":"nwaf094"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variational quantum metrology with the Loschmidt echo. 洛施密特回波的变分量子计量学。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-10 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf091

Ran Liu, Ze Wu, Xiaodong Yang, Yuchen Li, Hui Zhou, Zhaokai Li, Yuquan Chen, Haidong Yuan, Xinhua Peng

{"title":"Variational quantum metrology with the Loschmidt echo.","authors":"Ran Liu, Ze Wu, Xiaodong Yang, Yuchen Li, Hui Zhou, Zhaokai Li, Yuquan Chen, Haidong Yuan, Xinhua Peng","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf091","url":null,"abstract":"By leveraging quantum effects, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum metrology promises higher precision than classical strategies. It is, however, a challenging task to achieve the higher precision on practical systems. This is mainly due to difficulties in engineering nonclassical states and performing nontrivial measurements on the system, especially when the number of particles is large. Here we propose a variational scheme with the Loschmidt echo for quantum metrology. By utilizing hardware-efficient ansatzes in the design of variational quantum circuits, the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of the probe state can be extracted from the experimentally measured Loschmidt echo in a scalable manner. This QFI is then used to guide the online optimization of the preparation of the probe state. We experimentally implement the scheme on an ensemble of 10-spin quantum processors and achieve a 12.4-dB enhancement of the measurement precision over the uncorrelated states, which is close to the theoretical limit. The scheme can also be employed on various other noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, which provides a promising protocol to demonstrate quantum advantages.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 5","pages":"nwaf091"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Search of high-frequency variations of fundamental constants using spin-based quantum sensors. 利用自旋量子传感器搜索基本常数的高频变化。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-08 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf085

Xi Kong, Yuke Zhang, Chenyu Ji, Shuangju Chang, Yifan Chen, Xiang Bian, Chang-Kui Duan, Pu Huang, Jiangfeng Du

引用次数: 0

Coherence enhancement via a diamond-graphene hybrid for nanoscale quantum sensing. 通过金刚石-石墨烯混合材料增强相干性的纳米级量子传感。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-08 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf076

Yucheng Hao, Zhiping Yang, Zeyu Li, Xi Kong, Wenna Tang, Tianyu Xie, Shaoyi Xu, Xiangyu Ye, Pei Yu, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Zhenhua Qiao, Libo Gao, Jian-Hua Jiang, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du

{"title":"Coherence enhancement via a diamond-graphene hybrid for nanoscale quantum sensing.","authors":"Yucheng Hao, Zhiping Yang, Zeyu Li, Xi Kong, Wenna Tang, Tianyu Xie, Shaoyi Xu, Xiangyu Ye, Pei Yu, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Zhenhua Qiao, Libo Gao, Jian-Hua Jiang, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf076","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum coherence serves as a crucial quantum resource for achieving high-sensitivity quantum sensing. Because of its long coherence time at room temperature, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has emerged as a quantum sensor in various fields in recent years. While nanoscale quantum sensing at room temperature has been demonstrated for NV centers, noise on the diamond surface severely limits its further development at a higher sensitivity. Here, we utilize the hybridization between graphene and diamond surfaces to directly deplete surface unpaired electron spins, thereby achieving roughly two-fold enhancement in coherence. Through the combination of electron spin resonance spectra and first-principle calculations, we explain that this phenomenon arises from a significant reduction in electron spin density on the diamond surface due to interface electron orbital hybridization. Our research presents a new approach for solid-state quantum sensors to reach the desired sensitivity level and offers a new pathway for future studies on material interfaces.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 5","pages":"nwaf076"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards verifying and improving estimations of China's CO₂ and CH₄ budgets using atmospheric inversions. 利用大气逆温验证和改进中国CO2和CH4估算。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-03-08 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf090

Yilong Wang, Yuzhong Zhang, Xiangjun Tian, Xuhui Wang, Wenping Yuan, Jinzhi Ding, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Weimin Ju, Ruosi Liang, Xiao Lu, Lu Shen, Shuai Sun, Tao Wang, Hongqin Zhang, Min Zhao, Shilong Piao

{"title":"Towards verifying and improving estimations of China's CO2 and CH4 budgets using atmospheric inversions.","authors":"Yilong Wang, Yuzhong Zhang, Xiangjun Tian, Xuhui Wang, Wenping Yuan, Jinzhi Ding, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Weimin Ju, Ruosi Liang, Xiao Lu, Lu Shen, Shuai Sun, Tao Wang, Hongqin Zhang, Min Zhao, Shilong Piao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the application of atmospheric inversions for estimating national CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes with a focus on China. After describing the fundamental principles and methodologies of the technique, we synthesize recent progress in estimating China's CO₂ and CH₄ budgets through atmospheric inversion, and compare these estimates with national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory (NGHGI) reports. The inverted estimates for China's total CO2 and CH4 emissions amount to 8.35 ± 1.39 Pg CO2 a-1 and 60.8 ± 5.9 Tg CH4 a-1, respectively, in the last decade, which are in general consistent with NGHGIs. However, large uncertainties in spatial and temporal disaggregation of national budgets hinder the effectiveness of the method in verifying China's GHG budgets and improving NGHGI estimates. These uncertainties are largely driven by differences in inversion models, observational coverage and methodological assumptions. We recommend improving observational networks, conducting model intercomparison exercises and refining inversion methods to better support China's GHG reporting and future climate goals.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 4","pages":"nwaf090"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0