Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and exploration of breast cancer agent from curcumin analogs based on 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde","authors":"Endang Astuti, Frika Rahmawari, Kasta Gurning, Jihan Alfiyah Kultsum, Zarah Aulia, Sugeng Triono, Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih, Winarto Haryadi, Harno Dwi Pranowo","doi":"10.25259/jksus_436_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jksus_436_2024","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore potential anticancer drug candidates by conducting synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and immunocytochemistry against T47D, HER2, MCF-7, and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines, along with bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) studies. Synthesis of curcumin analogs was carried out by reacting 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and piperidone derivatives through aldol condensation, while structure elucidation was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR) instruments. In vitro analysis revealed that curcumin analogs C1 and C2 had cytotoxic activity (IC 50 ), of which C1 was the highest at 5.45 μg/mL against 4T1 and C2 at 1.75 μg/mL against HER2. The selectivity index indicates that C1 reveals high selectivity on 4T1 cell lines, while C2 is not selective against all breast cancer cell lines. A critical step in tumor initiation and progression is the evasion of apoptosis, a process tightly regulated by proteins such as p53 and BCL-2, which play pivotal roles in controlling cellular survival and programmed cell death. Immunocytochemistry shows the expression of p53 and BCL-2 proteins from C1. Treatment with C1 at 2.725 μg/mL increased p53 protein expression by 86.36% in the 4T1 cell line. In T47D cells, BCL-2 expression decreased slightly at C1 concentrations of 28.34 and 14.17 μg/mL. The pharmacokinetic profile showed increased absorption, tissue distribution, and lower toxicity than curcumin. The main target protein signaling pathways in breast cancer for compounds C1 and C2 can be identified by integrating biological networks, pharmacological data, and molecular interactions, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies. The outcomes of this study identified that AKT1 is the primary target protein for the curcumin analog compounds C1 and C2. Inhibition of AKT1 activation by compounds C1 and C2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer. However, due to its lack of selectivity, C2 is best considered a lead compound for optimization, whereas C1 demonstrates both cytotoxicity and selectivity, making it the stronger therapeutic candidate. For further development, it is recommended to conduct direct experimental studies in the laboratory to confirm the role of AKT1 as the main molecular target.","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"4362024-4362024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA circPRKCA represses ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting SLC7A11","authors":"Jun Zhou, Zhanmei Wang","doi":"10.25259/jksus_38_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jksus_38_2025","url":null,"abstract":"Circular RNAs are widely recognized as pivotal regulators of cancer development, and ferroptosis --a unique iron-dependent cell death mechanism driven by the accumulation of lipid peroxides --has emerged as a crucial process in oncobiology. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of circPRKCA in modulating ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression profiles of circPRKCA in HCC tissues obtained from patients via surgical resection, paired adjacent non-tumorous tissues, and HCC cell lines were quantified using qRT-PCR, while its subcellular localization was determined through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To explore its functional relevance, circPRKCA was knocked down in HCC cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA), with cellular viability and invasiveness assessed via CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Ferroptosis progression was evaluated by quantifying ferroptosis-related biomarkers, including total iron content, labile iron pool (Fe 2 ⁺), and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, an in vivo xenograft mouse model was established to verify the effects of circPRKCA, and bioinformatics analysis combined with dual-luciferase reporter assays was used to identify its interacting molecules. Results showed that circPRKCA is significantly upregulated in HCC; knockdown of circPRKCA induces ferroptosis, suppresses proliferation in HCC cells, and inhibits HCC tumor growth. Furthermore, circPRKCA targets miR-384 to regulate SLC7A11 expression, thereby modulating ferroptosis in HCC cells via the miR-384/SLC7A11 axis.","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"382025-382025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylic resin-coated rhodamine-6G/isorhamnetin/nido-carborane fluorescent complexes: Photophysical properties, drug release, and tumor cell imaging studies","authors":"Jian‐Peng Hu, Bo Teng, Yuanye Wan, Zhipeng Xu, Guofan Jin","doi":"10.25259/jksus_322_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jksus_322_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Biocompatibility and solubility problems of the isorhamnetin- nido -carborane complex were resolved by creating four fluorescent complexes using a one-pot method: L100-55@rhodamine-6G/isorhamnetin/nido-carborane (RIC-1), EPO@rhodamine-6G/isorhamnetin/nido-carborane (RIC-2), RS@rhodamine-6G/isorhamnetin/nido-carborane (RIC-3), and RL@rhodamine-6G/isorhamnetin/nido-carborane (RIC-4). When it came to UV absorption stability, RIC-1 was unique among them. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that RIC-1 forms a flocculent, network-like structure in the acrylic matrix with uniform dispersion, indicating a stable complex. Cytotoxicity and therapeutic potential were evaluated using CCK8 and cell uptake assays. With inhibition rates of 49-56% and 55-62%, respectively, RIC-1 showed low cytotoxicity and strong anti-tumor efficacy, specifically targeting PC3 and HeLa tumor cells. This study emphasizes the potential of this fluorescent complex, in particular RIC-1, for targeted cancer therapy as well as for better tumor imaging and therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"3222024-3222024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-ablative laser skin rejuvenation by targeting indigenous chromophores","authors":"Muna B. Mustafa ,&nbsp;Walid K. Hamoudi ,&nbsp;Khawla S. Khashan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three pulsed laser systems: 980 nm semiconductor diode laser, 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser and long pulse- fractional 2940 nm pulsed Er: YAG were used to treat some non-ablative skin rejuvenation applications. These three wavelengths can target the three main indigenous chromophores (melanin, hemoglobin and water) of the skin to treat different skin disorders. The efficacy of these lasers was assessed in the treatment of age spots, enlarged veins and wrinkles. The chromophore type and location of a specific disorder was taken into consideration when working out, in advance, the required laser fluence. The absorption of laser photons and the reabsorbed photon scattering were calculated and used to work out the temperature rise in the targeted tissue. The results indicated very good outcome of age spots with 980 nm laser, excellent clearance of the varicose veins with the use of 1064 nm laser and very good smoothing of fine lines wrinkles on forehead. Advances may involve conducting wavelengths or developing customizable protocols for different skin types. Long-term studies on patient outcomes to help establish standardized protocols and improve efficacy in clinical uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of aloe vera meatballs and their impact on rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Warda Khan ,&nbsp;Rizwan Shaukat ,&nbsp;Awais Khan ,&nbsp;Amna Khan ,&nbsp;Bushra Ahmad ,&nbsp;Saira Saleem ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abul Farah ,&nbsp;Waqas Amin ,&nbsp;Obaid Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid Arthritis is an auto-immune condition resulting in the formation of autoantibodies that cause joint and systemic inflammation. Different signs and symptoms include pain, redness, and swelling in joints leading to difficulties performing day-to-day activities and restlessness. The prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis worldwide and in Pakistan is 0.5 % and 1 %, respectively, with females experiencing a higher ratio due to improper diet, weight loss, fatigue, and housework. Aloe vera chicken meatballs, rich in protein, calories, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and collagen protein, have anti-inflammatory effects on arthritis patients by reducing inflammatory mediator production. By considering this, we conducted an experiment on the production of Aloe Vera based chicken meatballs with different doses including (100 g of chicken, 10 g of Aloe Vera + 90 g of Chicken, 20 g of Aloe Vera + 80 g of Chicken, 30 g of Aloe Vera + 70 g of Chicken) at Meat Science Nutraceutical Laboratory, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 100 g of chicken was considered as a control treatment. The meatballs were tested on four different groups of rheumatoid patients at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. The results indicated that the combination (20 g of Aloe Vera + 80 g of Chicken) yielded the most significant reduction in the Arthritis Factor Test by 26 %, compared to untreated arthritis patients. Additionally, it showed 20 % higher acceptability than the control group. Therefore, meatballs containing 20 g of Aloe Vera and 80 g of Chicken were deemed the most effective biomedicine for alleviating rheumatoid arthritis in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activities of seeds and sprouts of Momordica charantia and their antibacterial efficacies against pathogenic bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients","authors":"Md. Shihab Uddin Sohag,&nbsp;Md. Al-Monsur,&nbsp;Md. Mushfiqur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Al Amin Sarker,&nbsp;Sanjay Dutta,&nbsp;Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During sprouting, significant chemical transformations frequently transpire, leading to variations in the concentrations of diverse bioactive compounds present in the seeds. Consequently, seeds and sprouts may have altered bioactivity. The current study aimed to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activities of crude hydroalcoholic (70 % ethanol and 30 % distilled water) extracts of <em>Momordica charantia</em> seeds and sprouts and their antibacterial efficacies against morbific bacteria sourced from hospitalized patients. Utilizing three assays- DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and ferric ions reducing power), the antioxidant activities were evaluated. The results revealed that the sprout extract significantly outperformed the seed extract in terms of Fe³⁺ ions reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 163.37 ± 23.91 μg/ml), and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 30.56 ± 6.90 µg/ml). The antibacterial efficacies against five morbific bacteria (<em>Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> and <em>Klebsiella oxytoca</em>) isolated from hospitalized patients were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method. The findings indicated that the extracts derived from both sprouts and seeds exerted potent antibacterial efficacy by suppressing the growth of several clinical isolates. Both extracts possessed statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) antibacterial activity against <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Seed extract had greater antibacterial activity than sprout extract against <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> exhibited the lowest and identical susceptibility at three distinct concentrations (200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg) of seed extract. No extracts have shown any antibacterial action against <em>Klebsiella oxytoca</em>. The results of the study indicate that <em>Momordica charantia</em> sprouts exhibit a greater capacity to scavenge free radicals as antioxidants, whereas seeds possess more potent and broader antibacterial efficacy compared to sprouts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis and application of single-valued neutrosophic transportaion problem","authors":"M. Kanchana,&nbsp;K. Kavitha","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutrosophic set serves as a powerful tool for addressing complexity, ambiguity, and managing imperfect and inconsistent information in the digital world. Graph theory plays a crucial role in determining the shortest path for neutrosophic sets through graph algorithms. This article introduces a novel algorithm, the bipartite graph contraction algorithm, to elucidate the graphical aspects within neutrosophic set theory by using score function for ranking. The proposed bipartite neutrosophic graph contraction algorithm is applied to solve a single-valued neutrosophic network, where the transportation unit cost is expressed as a trapezoidal single-valued neutrosophic number and produced the result as <span><math><mrow><mo>〈</mo><mfenced><mrow><mrow><mn>364</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>537</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>694</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>908</mn></mrow></mrow></mfenced><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.7</mn></mrow><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math></span>. A comparative analysis with an existing algorithm is conducted, and a novel introduction of sensitivity analysis in the realm of neutrosophic set theory is presented to assess the optimality of the result in neutrosophic transportation problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced thermal management system of Lithium-Ion Batteries: Integrating thermoelectric modules with phase change materials","authors":"Mohammed A. Alghassab","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates an innovative approach to lithium-ion battery thermal management using thermoelectric (TEC) modules and phase change materials (PCMs). The system incorporates battery enclosures filled with PCMs to stabilize temperature fluctuations. These enclosures are immersed in a water reservoir where the heat from the batteries is absorbed by the PCMs, which subsequently transfer heat to the surrounding water. A TEC cooling system then cools the water, completing the heat dissipation cycle. Experimental results show that this integrated system effectively reduces battery temperatures, achieving temperature reductions of approximately 12% for 50-watt, 9% for 30-watt, and 14% for 10-watt battery modes compared to natural convection methods. This approach not only enhances battery performance but also proves suitable for applications requiring compact and efficient thermal management solutions, such as electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium nanoparticles produced by Acacia arabica leaf extract and their influence on fresh-cut fruit quality features","authors":"Chinnadurai Veeramani,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Alsaif,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrar Khan,&nbsp;Ahmed S. El Newehy,&nbsp;Ali Alshammari,&nbsp;Khalid S. Al-Numair","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium oxide nanoparticles have possessed unique structural and numerous applications, including the food preservative, antimicrobial, and chemotherapeutic properties. The study’s goal was to identify and create calcium oxide-derived leaf extract nanoparticles from <em>Acacia arabica</em> (AA) and assess their effectiveness on fresh-cut fruit quality attributes. The calcium oxide nanoparticles (AACaN) produced using AA leaf extract by the simple precipitation method and the AACaN obtained were characterised and confirmed using various analytical techniques. Freshly sliced apple fruit as well as unsliced blueberry and blackberry were immersed in AACaN (10 and 20 µg/mL) at two different concentrations for five minutes before being put in packed polypropylene plastic bags and maintained at 5 °C. According to the quality evaluations of pH, DPPH, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hardness, total soluble solid content (TSS), and sensory analysis. AACaN at 20 µg/mL has the ability to preserve freshly cut fruits of apples as well as unsliced blueberries and blackberries, thereby effectively extending fruits 20-day shelf life in comparison to control (untreated) fruits. This study has concluded that the AA is an ideal source to synthesis calcium oxide nanoparticles, and it was proved by materially characterizing. Moreover, the AACaN at 20 µg/mL proved the apples, blueberry, and blackberry fruits shelf life, which also added a large nutritional value while maintaining a storage quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of chemical inhibitors against mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) for primary immunosuppression in recipients of kidney transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ahmad Alsulimani ,&nbsp;Ayman K. Johargy ,&nbsp;Hani Faidah ,&nbsp;Ahmad O. Babalghith ,&nbsp;Abdullah F. Aldairi ,&nbsp;Farkad Bantun ,&nbsp;Faraz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Darin Mansor Mathkor ,&nbsp;Shafiul Haque","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current systematic review and <em>meta</em>-analysis was undertaken to assess the efficaciousness of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in transplant subjects with regards to kidney functions and survival, with special reference to co-administration (or absence of) calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). The analysis was done through searching and retrieving information from online scholarly databases. The collected data represented outcomes after at least twelve months following transplantation of kidney. It was observed that parameters such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was improved in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors, however some studies indicated that acute rejection following biopsy was dominant in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors. Owing to their complementary mechanisms of action as well as beneficial effects on mitigating nephrotoxicity, concomitantly with favorable outcomes on parameters such as serum creatinine and GFR leading to increased survival, this <em>meta</em>-analysis proposes early utilization of mTOR inhibitors and CNI minimization in subjects with kidney transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}