Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Microcurrent Stimulation on Cartilage Regeneration in Engineered Chondrocyte Spheroids.","authors":"Yong Xu, Siqiang Zheng, Qiangsheng Hu, Bo Tao","doi":"10.34133/research.1462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcurrent stimulation has emerged as a promising biophysical cue for cartilage regeneration, but its dose-dependent effects in 3-dimensional engineered cartilage constructs remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of continuous direct microcurrent stimulation on auricular chondrocytes and engineered cartilage spheroids using 0-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 200-μA stimulation for 30 min daily. In 2-dimensional culture, microcurrent stimulation did not markedly increase the DNA content or Cell Counting Kit-8 value, indicating that it did not markedly promote cell expansion or overall metabolic activity. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and Ki67 assays showed that low to moderate (<50 μA) stimulation had limited effects on proliferation, whereas 100 to 200 μA attenuated proliferative activity. Nevertheless, microcurrent stimulation enhanced chondrogenic marker expression in a biphasic manner, with type II collagen, SRY-box transcription factor 9, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increasing from 0 to 50 μA and declining from 50 to 200 μA. In 3-dimensional spheroids, 50 μA produced the most favorable morphology, cartilage-specific extracellular matrix deposition, mechanical properties, and hyaline cartilage-like phenotype. Excessive stimulation increased catabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis-associated molecular responses without causing obvious cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, temperature change, or pH alteration. Mechanistically, 50 μA induced coordinated Ca²⁺ signaling and promoted nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation, whereas 200 μA generated dysregulated Ca²⁺ responses and inefficient NFAT activation. Verapamil, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>',<i>N</i>'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, and cyclosporin A attenuated 50-μA-induced NFAT activation, supporting the involvement of the Ca²⁺/calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Furthermore, 50-μA-preconditioned spheroids showed superior cartilage-forming capacity after subcutaneous implantation. These findings identify 50 μA as a favorable bioelectrical stimulation condition within the tested intensity range and provide a practical strategy for enhancing cartilage spheroid maturation in cartilage tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1462"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Mediated Intraplaque Angiogenesis and Microvascular Permeability Promote Rapid Plaque Progression following Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Zhijun Lei, Yunfei Yin, Long Zeng, Na Yang, Ming Zhai, Yanxi Zeng, Yefei Shi, Qing Yu, Shiyu Gong, Weixia Jian, Jianhui Zhuang, Li Zhang, Wenhui Peng","doi":"10.34133/research.1451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite adherence to guideline-recommended therapies, survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) remain at high risk for recurrent ischemic events. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this residual risk. Using Mendelian randomization analysis and retrospective cohort study, we established a causal relationship between MI and plaque progression, potentially mediated by neutrophils. In a murine atherosclerotic model, MI precipitated a marked expansion in plaque volume accompanied by reduced stability; these pathological changes are consistent with the hallmark features of rapid plaque progression, which may trigger recurrent ischemic events. Pharmacological inhibition and adoptive transfer experiments using <i>Padi4^flox/floxLyz2^Cre</i> mice confirmed the pivotal role of neutrophils in MI-driven rapid plaque progression via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Further investigations revealed that NETs promote intraplaque hemorrhage by facilitating intraplaque angiogenesis and enhancing microvascular permeability, thereby exacerbating post-MI atherosclerotic inflammation. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analyses and in vitro experiments identified the transcription factor ETS proto-oncogene 1 as a critical regulator of NETs-mediated angiogenesis and endothelial permeability through the activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor A/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. In vivo pharmacological inhibition of ETS proto-oncogene 1 with TK216 markedly attenuated the rapid plaque progression after MI. In summary, this study provides the first comprehensive evidence that neutrophils and NETs drive rapid plaque progression following MI by modulating intraplaque angiogenesis and hemorrhage. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying post-MI ischemic event recurrence and highlight promising therapeutic targets for clinical prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1451"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal Synthetic Biotechnology: From Genetic Models to Deployable Photosynthetic Chassis.","authors":"Jin Liu","doi":"10.34133/research.1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae have long been considered promising platforms for producing biochemicals and supporting environmental applications. Realizing this potential will require turning microalgal species into predictable and reusable engineering platforms. However, it remains challenging to engineer such evolutionarily diverse, compartmentalized photosynthetic eukaryotes in a predictable way, because their behavior depends strongly on organelle organization, gene-expression context, and cultivation conditions. Here, we focus on 3 well-developed but functionally distinct chassis. <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> provides the strongest genetic and cell-biological foundation among green microalgae; <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> serves as the main diatom system for genome engineering and systems-level pathway analysis; and <i>Nannochloropsis</i> spp., especially <i>N. oceanica</i> and <i>N. gaditana</i>, are more production-oriented and are particularly important for lipid engineering. We assess these chassis from the perspective of practical engineerability, including transformation and genome access, expression design, precise editing and regulatory control, and iterative design-build-test-learn workflows. We then discuss 4 representative trait areas: photosynthetic productivity and stress tolerance, storage lipids and omega-3 fatty acids, terpenoids and carotenoids, and pollutant removal. Despite substantial progress, the field is still limited by unstable transgene expression, weak portability of genetic parts, incomplete understanding of intracellular pathway organization, and poor agreement between laboratory phenotypes and process performance. Progress will require genetic design to be evaluated together with chassis physiology, cultivation performance, product recovery, and deployment-specific biosafety.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1449"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Vibrometry and Dispersion Analysis-Enabled Mechanical Property Characterization for Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites.","authors":"Bowen Cai, Andrew Moomaw, Yingshan Du, Teng Li, Jiali Li, Luyu Bo, Rani Sullivan, Wayne Huberty, Chuangchuang Sun, Zhenhua Tian","doi":"10.34133/research.1455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-format additive manufacturing of thermoset composites enables rapid fabrication of large structures, but nondestructive characterization of their print-path-dependent mechanical behavior remains difficult. Existing qualification routes rely mainly on destructive coupon testing or defect-oriented nondestructive evaluation and therefore provide limited capability for targeted mapping of direction-dependent mechanical variability. This study presents a piezoelectric transducer-laser Doppler vibrometry framework for direction-conditioned dispersion inversion of full-field guided wave measurements in additively manufactured thermoset composites. The method decomposes the frequency-wavenumber spectrum by propagation angle and independently fits the extracted dispersion data in each propagation direction to obtain scan-region-specific effective shear-wave velocity, an effective Poisson's-ratio parameter, and effective-modulus responses as functions of propagation direction. Benchmark testing on an isotropic aluminum plate validates that the workflow recovers isotropic guided wave behavior without introducing artificial angular bias. Applied to a chopped-carbon-fiber thermoset composite, the framework reveals print-path-dependent anisotropic wave propagation through elliptical wavefields and frequency-wavenumber spectra. The resulting effective stiffness estimates reproduce the direction-dependent stiffness variation and approximate magnitude observed in conventional tensile measurements, supporting the mechanical relevance of the guided wave-derived response. By converting full-field guided wave measurements into scan-region-specific, direction-resolved effective-stiffness estimates, this work provides a practical nondestructive route to support quality control, process validation, and structural evaluation of aerospace composite tooling manufactured by large-format thermoset additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1455"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity-Induced PLPE-PTK6-FASN Feedback Loop Drives Enzalutamide Resistance by Exacerbating Lipid Metabolic Dysregulation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Zhuo Xing, Xuewen Jiang, Banking Shi, Ruilin Liu, Ruijiang Zeng, Shangqing Ren, Zexian Ding, Pingxia Lin, Xin Yang, Jinxiang Wang, Wenjun Mao, Xin Jin","doi":"10.34133/research.1461","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.1461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity represents an independent risk factor for various malignancies, including prostate cancer. However, how specific lipid metabolites influence enzalutamide sensitivity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains elusive. Here, we find that obesity is associated with poorer clinical outcomes during enzalutamide treatment. Lipidomic profiling reveals that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PLPE) is markedly enriched in tumors from these individuals. Mechanistically, elevated PLPE directly binds to the SH2 domain of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6), driving its membrane translocation and functional activation. Furthermore, PLPE facilitates PTK6-fatty acid synthase (FASN) interaction, enabling PTK6 to mediate FASN phosphorylation at T976 via dual mechanisms: steric occupancy and kinase cascade amplification. This hyperactivation of FASN exacerbates lipid metabolic dysregulation, ultimately conferring enzalutamide resistance. Importantly, FASN-derived palmitic acid serves as a substrate for further PLPE synthesis, thereby reinforcing PTK6 membrane retention in a positive feedback loop. Collectively, this study identifies a PLPE-PTK6-FASN feedback loop that drives lipid metabolic reprogramming and enzalutamide resistance in CRPC with obesity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of cotargeting lipid metabolism and kinase signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1461"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable Spatiotemporal Magnetic Fields for Selective Multimodal Actuation and Deterministic Decoupling of Heterogeneous Magnetic Robots.","authors":"Armando Ramos-Sebastian, Ja Sung Lee, Sung Hoon Kim","doi":"10.34133/research.1458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.1458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic milli/microrobots hold strong potential for biomedical applications, but their deployment as multi-robot systems is limited by short-range magnetic coupling, which prevents independent control in confined environments. Here, we present an expanded field-free region (FFR)-based control framework for spatially selective actuation of multiple magnetic torque-driven robots in confined environments. A generalized selective-control criterion incorporating the minimum rotating magnetic field required for robot actuation enables the framework to accommodate robots with different magnetic responses and operating conditions. Through programmable displacement and oscillation of the FFR, the framework extends conventional selective locomotion to include velocity regulation under a constant rotating magnetic field and oscillation-induced stick-slip locomotion. For strongly interacting permanent-magnet robots, a dedicated decoupling field reorients their magnetic moments to transition the inter-robot interaction from attraction to repulsion, enabling subsequent deterministic separation, whereas weakly interacting low-remanence robots can be separated using conventional FFR-based selective locomotion without dedicated decoupling. The framework is validated across different fluid viscosities and robots with distinct magnetic properties and is further integrated with robot redistribution and FFR-selective magnetic heating to achieve spatially regulated thermal responses. Finally, proof-of-concept demonstrations show clot-removal and targeted-delivery emulation and selective robot navigation in a 3-dimensional cerebrovascular phantom. These results establish an expanded FFR-based framework for sequential selective control of magnetic robots in confined environments and support its potential use in imaging-compatible robotic platforms for biomedical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1458"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Hacks Neurodegeneration: Cystatin-C as a Bridge for Microglial Amyloid Clearance via TREM2.","authors":"Yuanhao Zhang, Conglei Li, Chenzhong Li","doi":"10.34133/research.1456","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.1456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, epidemiological studies have consistently highlighted an inverse correlation between cancer and Alzheimer's disease, yet the molecular link between these 2 distinct pathologies remained elusive. In a recent breakthrough published in <i>Cell</i>, Li et al. provide a compelling answer by revealing that peripheral tumors secrete cystatin-C, which binds to preexisting amyloid oligomers and activates triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in microglia, leading to the clearance of preexisting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1456"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysosome-Bursting Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Amplify Immunogenic Cell Death via Synergistic Phototherapy and Calcium Overload for Immune Checkpoint Blockade.","authors":"Feifei Cui, Qifan Wu, Renjie Li, Mengfan Han, Chaokun Wang, Dailin Feng, Yingrui Su, Yuling Liu, Meng Meng, Jun Ye","doi":"10.34133/research.1444","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.1444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction is a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy, yet its efficacy is often limited by insufficient immune activation. Herein, we develop a lysosome-bursting calcium carbonate nanoplatform (cRGD/MD@ICN) co-loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and a PD-L1 inhibitory peptide (^DPPA-1) for synergistic phototherapy and calcium overload to amplify ICD and potentiate immune checkpoint blockade. The nanoparticle is decorated with cRGD for active tumor targeting and a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-cleavable linker (MD) for on-demand release of ^DPPA-1 in the tumor microenvironment. Upon endocytosis into tumor cells, the acidic lysosomal environment triggers rapid dissolution of the calcium carbonate core, releasing ICG and Ca²⁺, leading to lysosome bursting and subsequent calcium overload. Combined with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, ICG-mediated phototherapy and calcium overload synergistically induce robust ICD, characterized by enhanced calreticulin exposure, HMGB1 release, and ATP secretion. In vivo studies demonstrate that cRGD/MD@ICN significantly suppresses orthotopic breast tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis by promoting dendritic cell maturation and intratumoral infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. This lysosome-bursting nanoplatform offers a promising strategy to amplify ICD through synergistic phototherapy and calcium overload, thereby boosting the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1444"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bioinspired Cellulosic Elastomer with Ultrahigh Robustness Enabled by Structure-Induced Reconstruction for Impact Protection.","authors":"Geyuan Jiang, Minxin Wang, Guangwen Xu, Dawei Zhao, Haipeng Yu","doi":"10.34133/research.1460","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.1460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elastomers that combine high strength, exceptional toughness, self-healing capability, and scalable processability remain difficult to achieve. Here, we report a leech-inspired cellulosic elastomer constructed from cellulose, diatomite, and polyacrylamide through ethanol-induced structural reconstruction. The resulting bioinspired elastomer exhibits enhanced mechanical performance and efficient energy dissipation, with nearly complete compressive recoverability, a compressive strength above 90 MPa, and a load-bearing capacity exceeding 160,000 times its own weight. The elastomer further demonstrates high resistance to static puncture and dynamic impact, with a puncture resistance energy of 304.22 mJ and an impact toughness of 28.62 MJ m^-3, while maintaining self-healing capability without thermal treatment and tolerance to ultralow temperatures down to -196 °C. In addition, the elastomer is compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing and can be produced at the meter scale at a low cost. This work offers a scalable strategy for fabricating robust elastomers with potential applications in advanced impact protection and emerging soft technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1460"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ratio of Silicon to Chitin in Diatom Cell Walls Influences Their Resilience to Environmental Stress.","authors":"Mengyuan Hao, Runyu You, Zhouyi Jiang, Linwei Liu, Lu Huang, Thomas Mock, Naikun Shen, Junrong Liang","doi":"10.34133/research.1452","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.1452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diatom cell wall is a critically protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stress, yet the mechanisms by which its individual components confer resilience remain elusive. Using the model diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>, we show that resting cells chemically remodel their cell wall by increasing the ratio of silicon to chitin. Our integrative approach, based on a combination of transcriptomics, cell biology, and reverse genetics, reveals that the girdle-band-associated protein cingulin W2 (CinW2) directly regulates the biochemical cell wall composition, driving a \"high silicon-low chitin\" phenotype under abiotic and biotic stress. The regulation of the gene encoding CinW2 is controlled by an AP2-family transcription factor (AP2-1) that also modulates a chitinase, thereby orchestrating the compositional shift. This shift supporting a silicon-rich frustule provides enhanced structural reinforcement, substantially improving the resilience of <i>T. pseudonana</i> under biotic and abiotic stress. Tara Oceans metatranscriptome data suggest that genes involved in adjusting the ratio of silicon to chitin are widespread across diatom lineages and their expression appears to be responsive to changing environmental conditions in surface oceans. Although the CinW2-mediated regulatory mechanism has been identified only in the genus <i>Thalassiosira</i>, we have identified coregulated homologs in diverse diatom lineages. Collectively, our data therefore suggest that the molecular mechanism by which <i>T. pseudonana</i> modulates key cell wall components might represent a common strategy to cope with challenging environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"1452"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}