Research最新文献

{"title":"Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Auditory Responses in Comatose Patients.","authors":"Zihao Chen, Na Li, Caihua Xi, Jiaru He, Jiejun Zhu, Gang Wu, Jinzhao Xia, Chunlong Fei, Lei Sun, Hongzhi Xu, Zhihai Qiu","doi":"10.34133/research.0709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge. We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging for this purpose. In 6 comatose patients (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8) with cranial windows after decompressive craniectomy, we used a 7.8-MHz transducer optimized for cortical depths of 1.5 to 4 cm to perform real-time fUS during auditory stimulation. We observed task-related increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in relevant brain regions (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>t</i> test), which correlated with subsequent neurological recovery at 9-month follow-up. These findings establish fUS as a sensitive and portable tool for bedside brain function assessment, offering potential for improved prognostication, treatment guidance, and development of targeted rehabilitative strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0709"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microdroplet-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Organoids from Primary Tissue Recapitulate Parental Physiology with High Reproducibility.","authors":"Jiawei Li, Yiming Yang, Ziqi Yi, Yu Zhu, Haowei Yang, Baiming Chen, Peter E Lobie, Shaohua Ma","doi":"10.34133/research.0699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving high maturity and functionality in in vitro skeletal muscle models is essential for advancing our understanding of muscle biology, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. However, current models struggle to fully recapitulate key features such as sarcomere structure, muscle fiber composition, and contractile function while also ensuring consistency and rapid production. Adult stem cells residing in muscle tissue are known for their powerful regenerative potential, yet tissue-derived skeletal muscle organoids have not been established. In this study, we introduce droplet-engineered skeletal muscle organoids derived from primary tissue using cascade-tubing microfluidics. These droplet-engineered organoids (DEOs) exhibit high maturity, including well-developed striated sarcomeres, spontaneous and stimulated contractions, and recapitulation of parental muscle fiber types. Notably, DEOs are produced in just 8 d without the need for primary cell culture-substantially accelerating the 50- to 60-d process required by classical organoid models. Additionally, the cascade-tubing microfluidics platform enables high-throughput production of hundreds of uniform DEO replicates from a small tissue sample, providing a scalable and reproducible solution for skeletal muscle research and drug screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0699"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding.","authors":"Mingxuan Guo, Peng Huang, Le Huang, Xiaojuan Liao, Xueqin Jiang, Tao Wang, Guihua Zeng","doi":"10.34133/research.0691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discrete-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DMCS-CVQKD) is of great value for its simple implementation. However, the traditional DMCS-CVQKD scheme cannot tolerate the high channel excess noise and channel loss, compared to the Gaussian-modulated scheme, and its error correction is still difficult. In this paper, we propose a discrete-modulated coherent-state basis-encoding quantum key distribution (DMCS-BE-QKD) protocol, where the secret keys are encoded in the random choice of 2 measurement bases, i.e., the conjugate quadratures <i>X</i> and <i>P</i> of discrete-modulated coherent states, and it only needs simple binary sequence error correction. We analyze the secret key rate of DMCS-BE-QKD protocol under individual and collective attacks in the linear Gaussian channel. The results show that DMCS-BE-QKD can greatly enhance the ability to tolerate the channel loss and excess noise compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD protocol, which can tolerate approximately 40 dB more channel loss compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD for the realistic value of noise. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment is conducted under a 50.5-km optical fiber to verify the feasibility of DMCS-BE-QKD. It is based on the consistent physical procedures of the traditional DMCS-CVQKD, which makes it perfectly compatible to deployed terminals and can serve as a multiplier for the practical secure quantum cryptography communication in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0691"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hypothalamic Medial Preoptic Area-Paraventricular Nucleus Circuit Modulates Depressive-Like Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Postpartum Depression.","authors":"Ping Fu, Cui-Ping Liu, Cheng-Yi Liu, Yan-Chu-Fei Zhang, Ju-Ping Xu, Rui-Ting Mao, Xue-Ying Ding, Fan Li, Yi-Long Zhang, Hai-Long Yang, Jing-Ning Zhu, Guo Zhang, Jian Jing","doi":"10.34133/research.0701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen fluctuations have been implicated in various mood disorders, including perimenopausal and postpartum depression (PPD), likely through complex neural networks. γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) that express estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) are essential for the development and expression of depressive-like behaviors in ovarian hormone withdrawal (HW) mice. However, the precise circuit mechanisms through which MPOA GABAergic neurons influence behavior remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified robust projections from MPOA GABAergic neurons to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). In HW mice, chemogenetic activation of MPOA GABAergic neurons targeting PVN attenuated depressive-like behaviors. Conversely, in nonhormone withdrawal (NHW) control mice (which received continuous estrogen), suppression of MPOA GABAergic projections to PVN exacerbated depressive-like behaviors. Further analyses using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining identified arginine vasopressin (AVP) as a key neuropeptide in this pathway in the HW mouse model. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVN^AVP neurons significantly alleviated depressive-like behaviors in HW mice, while their activation in NHW mice worsened depressive-like behaviors. These behaviors were dependent on AVP expression in PVN^AVP neurons. Moreover, in HW mice, chemogenetic inhibition of PVN^AVP neurons receiving MPOA input mitigated depressive-like behaviors. Conversely, in NHW mice, activation of these neurons exacerbated depressive-like behaviors. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that MPOA GABAergic neurons directly inhibit PVN^AVP neurons. Thus, our findings suggest that PVN^AVP neurons serve as downstream effectors of MPOA GABAergic neurons via monosynaptic inhibitory signaling to regulate depressive-like behaviors. Targeting this circuit may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for PPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0701"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Cuproptosis in Colitis and Colitis-Related Carcinogenesis: A Multifaceted Player and Immune Moderator.","authors":"Jingwen Liu, Hairuo Huang, Xiaojie Zhang, Yang Shen, DeMing Jiang, Shurong Hu, Shuyan Li, Zelin Yan, Wen Hu, Jinhua Luo, Haibo Yao, Yan Chen, Bufu Tang","doi":"10.34133/research.0698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuproptosis represents a novel mechanism of cellular demise characterized by the intracellular buildup of copper ions. Unlike other cell death mechanisms, its distinct process has drawn considerable interest for its promising applications in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence indicates that copper metabolism and cuproptosis may exert dual regulatory effects within pathological cellular environments, specifically modulating oxidative stress responses, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapeutic efficacy. An appropriate level of copper may promote disease progression and exert synergistic effects, but exceeding a certain threshold, copper can inhibit disease development by inducing cuproptosis in pathological cells. This makes abnormal copper levels a potential new therapeutic target for IBD and CRC. This review emphasizes the dual function of copper metabolism and cuproptosis in the progression of IBD and CRC, while also exploring the potential application of copper-based therapies in disease treatment. The analysis further delineates the modulatory influence of tumor immune microenvironment on cuproptosis dynamics, while establishing the therapeutic potential of cuproptosis-targeted strategies in circumventing resistance to both conventional chemotherapeutic agents and emerging immunotherapies. This provides new research directions for the development of future cuproptosis inducers. Finally, this article discusses the latest advances in potential molecular targets of cuproptosis and their related genes in the treatment of IBD and CRC, highlighting future research priorities and unresolved issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0698"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Green Hydrogen Production by Electrolyzing Water with Anion-Exchange Membrane.","authors":"Lirong Zhang, Fang Qi, Rui Ren, Yulan Gu, Jiachen Gao, Yan Liang, Yafu Wang, Houen Zhu, Xiangyi Kong, Qingnuan Zhang, Jiangwei Zhang, Limin Wu","doi":"10.34133/research.0677","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of clean and efficient renewable energy is of great strategic importance to realize green energy conversion and low-carbon growth. Hydrogen energy, as a renewable energy with \"zero carbon emission\", can be efficiently converted into hydrogen energy and electric energy by electrolysis of water to hydrogen technology. Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), substantially advanced by nonprecious metal electrocatalysts, is among the most cost-effective and promising water electrolysis technologies, combining the advantages of proton exchange membranes with the proven technology of traditional alkaline water electrolysis and potentially eliminating the disadvantages of both. In this paper, the latest results of AEMWE research in recent years are summarized, including the AEMWE mechanism study and the hot issues of low-cost transition metal hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst design in recent years. The key factors affecting the performance of AEMWE are pointed out, and further challenges and opportunities encountered in large-scale industrialization are discussed. Finally, this review provides strong guidance for advancing AEMWE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0677"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Liquid Slow-Release Mulch Film Based on Bamboo Residue for Selenium-Enriched Crop Cultivation.","authors":"Chaoqi Chen, Zhaoshuang Li, Kuaile Yin, Lei Li, Zhen Zhang, Xu Xu, He Liu, Yan Qing, Xingong Li, Yiqiang Wu","doi":"10.34133/research.0685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of biodegradable mulch film is an effective means to address plastic pollution and promote modern green agriculture. In this work, with compounding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and quaternized lignin (QL), a biodegradable liquid mulch film (PVA@CMC/QL) was constructed by introducing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a selenium-containing cross-linking agent through electrostatic interaction. The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and QL on different liquid mulch films was examined. PVA@CMC/QL had exceptional spray-film-forming properties of liquid mulch film and was capable of generating a dense mulch film above the soil/on top of the soil under natural conditions. PVA@CMC/QL exhibited excellent oxygen transmission rate (60.2 cm³·m^-2·d^-1·Pa^-1) and water vapor transmission rate (753.4 g·m^-2·d^-1). Soil temperature and humidity increased by 0.4 to 2.1 °C and 0.5% to 2.8%, respectively, in the soil covered with PVA@CMC/QL compared to those in other controls, thereby confirming its exceptional moisture retention and insulation capabilities. PVA@CMC/QL combined remarkable weed suppression with only 13.3% weed germination under the mulch. Optimal rhizome growth of pak choi seedlings was observed under the PVA@CMC/QL cover, as demonstrated by the planting of both pak choi seedlings and weeds. Roots and stems increased by 3.8 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.3 cm, respectively. The weed suppression mechanism of PVA@CMC/QL was explained through the lens of density functional theory. In addition, the selenium content of pak choi seedlings under PVA@CMC/QL cover could reach 28.5 μg/kg, making the mulch film both degradable and highly reusable. This work not only improved the value-added utilization of bamboo residues but also gave new insight into the research on multifunctional bamboo-plastic mulch film.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0685"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Chemiluminescence Signature Arrays Coupled with Machine Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Serum Diagnosis.","authors":"Biyue Zhu, Yanbo Li, Shi Kuang, Huizhe Wang, Astra Yu, Jing Zhang, Jun Yang, Johnson Wang, Shiqian Shen, Xuan Zhai, Jiajun Xie, Chongzhao Ran","doi":"10.34133/research.0653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although omics and multi-omics approaches are the most used methods to create signature arrays for liquid biopsy, the high cost of omics technologies still largely limits their wide applications for point-of-care. Inspired by the bat echolocation mechanism, we propose an \"echoes\" approach for creating chemiluminescence signatures via screening of a compound library, and serum samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were used for our proof-of-concept study. We first demonstrated the discrepancy in physicochemical properties between AD and healthy control serums. On this basis, we developed a simple, cost-effective, and versatile platform termed UNICODE (UNiversal Interaction of Chemiluminescence echOes for Disease Evaluation). The UNICODE platform consists of a \"bat\" probe, which generates different chemiluminescence intensities upon interacting with various substrates, and a panel/array of \"flag\" molecules that are selected from library screening. The UNICODE array could enable the reflecting/\"echoing\" of the signatures of various serum components and intact physicochemical interactions between serum substrates. In this study, we screened a library of over 1,000 small molecules and identified 12 \"flag\" molecules (top 12) that optimally depict the differences between AD and healthy control serums. Finally, we employed the top 12 array to conduct tests on serum samples and utilized machine learning methods to optimize detection performance. We successfully distinguished AD serums, achieving the highest area under the curve of 90.24% with the random forest method. Our strategy could provide new insights into biofluid abnormality and prototype tools for developing liquid biopsy diagnoses for AD and other diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0653"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, Gastric Microbiota, and Metabolites in Gastric Tumorigenesis.","authors":"Lanping Jiang, Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau, Ruijie Zeng, Jun Yu","doi":"10.34133/research.0693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide particularly in Asian populations, and certain diets have been associated with increased risk of GC. Recent advances in microbial profiling technology have facilitated investigations on microbes residing on the gastric mucosa and increasing evidence has revealed the critical roles of non-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> gastric microbes in gastric tumorigenesis. On the other hand, diets can affect microbial communities, causing compositional and functional shift of the microbiota. In this review, we summarize the influence of various diets including processed meat, salt-preserved food, high-fat diet, and alcohol on the development and progression of GC. We also explore microbial metabolites and host-microbe interactions in gastric tumorigenesis, alongside dietary interventions targeting the microbiota for the prevention and management against GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0693"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DDX10 Exacerbates Exosomal PD-L1-Dependent T Cell Exhaustion via Phase Separation of Rab27b in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Bowen Li, Hao Cui, Wei Liu, Zhou Lan, Chang Liu, Yumiao Yang, Yuyue Zhao, Zhen Tian, Hao Chen, Guangtao Yu","doi":"10.34133/research.0697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DEAD-box ATPase 10 (DDX10), a prominent RNA-binding protein in the DDX family, has a critical function in cancer progression. Nevertheless, its well-defined mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still not well understood. Here, we identify that DDX10 is substantially increased in OSCC, which is positively correlated with poor prognosis and malignant behavior. Mechanistically, we found that DDX10 had physical interaction with Rab27b by undergoing phase separation. Knockdown of DDX10 inhibited Rab27b-mediated exosome secretion and the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) within its contents. Furthermore, knocking down DDX10 could restore the function and infiltration of T cells, hence inhibiting the progression of OSCC. These findings highlight that the oncogenic role of DDX10 in promoting exosomal PD-L1 secretion via phase separation with Rab27b has been preliminarily validated in T cell exhaustion in OSCC. A potential strategy for improving OSCC immunotherapy may involve the inhibition of DDX10.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0697"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}