Research最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure Promotes Neutrophil Ferroptosis Resistance, Inducing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Driving Glucocorticoid Resistance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Lu Wang, Lijie Zhu, Ying Tang, Zhongmei Wen, Liping Peng, Xinxin Ci","doi":"10.34133/research.0751","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoid resistance increases the frequency of acute exacerbations and the risk of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a history of long-term heavy smoking. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil ferroptosis resistance and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced glucocorticoid resistance in COPD. We collected clinical specimens from COPD patients and healthy subjects. A mouse model of COPD induced by CS exposure was established in vivo. Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of human donors and exposed to CS extract in vitro. We found extensive NET formation was observed in COPD patients with a history of long-term heavy smoking and was closely related to glucocorticoid resistance. In vivo, we found that prolonged CS exposure promoted NET formation and that rendered dexamethasone (Dex) treatment ineffective at alleviating lung inflammation in COPD model mice. However, the NET degrading agent deoxyribonuclease I could increase sensitivity to Dex in COPD model mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CS extract increased neutrophil cell viability by activating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway and inducing ferroptosis resistance in neutrophils. And we found that neutrophil specific GPX4 knockout inhibited CS-induced NET formation, increased sensitivity to Dex, and alleviated CS-induced glucocorticoid resistance in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion CS promotes glucocorticoid resistance in COPD by inducing ferroptosis resistance in neutrophils, further resulting in NET formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0751"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acousto-Electric Conversion Fiber Networks via Regional Activation of Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes for Neurogenic Bone Regeneration.","authors":"Weiwei Yi, Xiaoyu Han, Fan Wang, Qiuyu Tang, Huzhe Liu, Bo Liao, Jieliang Shen, Juan Wang, Wenguo Cui, Dingqun Bai","doi":"10.34133/research.0769","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurogenic bone regeneration is essential for the effective restoration of bone tissue functionality, with exosomes derived from Schwann cells regionalized in bone injury tissue playing a crucial role in this process. However, precisely regulating the secretion of Schwann cells localized in bone injury tissue to enhance neurogenic bone regeneration remains a considerable challenge. In this study, an injectable, ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric conductive short fiber network (US@SFG) was innovatively developed using uniform short fiber homogenization techniques and multifunctional chemical modifications, enabling precise acoustic-electrical conversion that regionally activated the secretion of miRNAs from Schwann cell-derived exosomes, thereby promoting neurogenic bone regeneration. The incorporation of the piezoelectric polymer glycine imparts superior piezoelectric characteristics to the fiber network, while the conjugated π-electron motion within the conductive graphene network enhances internal electron transfer efficiency, thereby facilitating electrical conductivity. Compared with traditional piezoelectric fiber networks, acousto-electric conversion fiber networks demonstrated a 1.7-fold increase in piezoelectric performance and a 30-fold increase in conductivity, facilitating precise electrochemical regulation under ultrasound stimulation. In vitro studies revealed that acousto-electric conversion fiber networks precisely modulate the secretion of localized Schwann cell exosomal miRNAs (miRNA-494-3p, miRNA-381-3p, and miRNA-369-3p), activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and Wnt signaling pathways in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that under ultrasound imaging guidance, acousto-electric conversion fiber networks could be directed precisely to bone defects, where precise control of ultrasound parameters facilitated acoustic-electrical conversion and electrical signal modulation, markedly promoting the formation of neural networks and bone tissue regeneration. In this study, for the first time, an injectable acousto-electric conversion fiber network was constructed to activate Schwann cell exosomes in bone injury tissue regionally, providing a novel therapeutic strategy and potential molecular targets for neurogenic bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0769"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luteolin Nanomedicine with Stimulus-Driven Traceless Release for Targeting Treatment of Atherosclerosis by Enhancing Lipid Efflux.","authors":"Songzan Chen, Zhaojing Wang, Zhida Shen, Di He, Lijuan Liu, Lingbo Qian, Boxuan Ma, He Huang","doi":"10.34133/research.0754","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic plaques pose a substantial risk for life-threatening cardiovascular complications due to their propensity to trigger acute clinical events. Foam cell formation, resulting from dysregulated lipid homeostasis, serves as a pivotal pathological hallmark in the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, we presented a precision therapeutic strategy targeting foam cells of multiple origins. The carrier-free nanomedicine Dlut based on luteolin was constructed, featuring CD44 active targeting and stimulus-driven traceless release. Dlut demonstrated active foam cell targeting capability and complete disintegration triggered by oxidative stress and acidic microenvironment, enabling a traceless release of luteolin. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that Dlut inhibited foam cell formation by accelerating lipid efflux. In vivo studies further demonstrated that Dlut significantly reduced plaque burden and improved plaque stability, highlighting a translational potential of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0754"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functions and Mechanisms of the Cohesin Complex in Regulating the Fate Determinations of Stem Cells.","authors":"Jianghong Xiang, Yihan Lai, Zuping He","doi":"10.34133/research.0757","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cells have important applications in both regenerative and reproductive medicine. The cohesin complex comprises 4 core subunits, namely, SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and STAG, and notably, it plays pivotal roles in controlling the fate determinations of stem cells by facilitating the dynamic regulation of the 3-dimensional genome architecture. We have recently reported that RAD21 forms a complex with YAP1 and NEDD4 to promote the self-renewal of human spermatogonial stem cells and inhibit their apoptosis. In this review, we address the molecular properties of the cohesin complex and its multiple regulatory mechanisms in mediating the fate decisions of various kinds of stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, spermatogonial stem cells, neural stem cells, and other types of stem cells. By maintaining the chromatin loop structure, the cohesin complex is involved in DNA repair and gene transcription, which in turn controls the pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. In addition, the cohesin complex ensures faithful DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion, which indirectly supports genetic and epigenetic programs. Variants in the subunit components of the cohesin complex and proteins' modifications further confer functional plasticity, and its mutations can lead to abnormal stem cell functions and are correlated with diseases including cancers. Future studies need to integrate multidisciplinary approaches including single-cell multi-omics and cryo-electronic microscopy to resolve the dynamic regulatory networks of the cohesin complex in stem cell fate regulation and further explore its potential applications in regenerative and reproductive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0757"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-27 Modulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunoplasticity for Enhanced Lupus Nephritis Therapy via the JAK1-STAT1-IDO Axis and Tryptophan Metabolic Orchestration.","authors":"Cheng Zhou, Shunlai Shang, Jing Zhao, Yunzhao Yang, Meihan Shi, Ping Li, Qinggang Li, Jian Zhang, Wenge Li, Chuyue Zhang, Xue-Yuan Bai","doi":"10.34133/research.0748","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lupus nephritis is recognized as a common and severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus, without an optimal therapeutic strategy currently available. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic promise, their efficacy varies substantially, likely due to their plasticity and capacity to adopt pro-inflammatory (MSC1) or anti-inflammatory (MSC2) functional states in response to different microenvironments. Here, we report for the first time that IL-27, via JAK1-STAT1 signaling, up-regulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in MSCs, driving MSC differentiation toward an IDO-positive MSC2 phenotype with low immunogenicity. These IDO-positive MSC2 cells produce kynurenine and kynurenic acid, the metabolites of tryptophan, which bind to the intracellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This interaction stimulates an increase in the anti-inflammatory factor TSG-6 and induces the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Notably, IL-27-conditioned MSC2 demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional MSCs in a murine lupus nephritis model. In conclusion, this study revealed that IL-27 is a critical modulator of MSC immune plasticity and presented a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing IL-27-enhanced MSC2 for autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0748"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E3 Ligase Rbx1 Orchestrates Thymus Development and Fate Determination of αβ-γδ T Cells.","authors":"Di Wu, Qiuxu Chen, Mingjia Tan, Yi Sun","doi":"10.34133/research.0774","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T lymphocytes consist of αβ and γδ T cells, which mature and differentiate from the same progenitor cells in the thymus. Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), the largest family of ubiquitin ligases, require neddylation on the scaffold protein Cullins for their ligase activity. The role of neddylation-CRL system in thymus development and fate determination of αβ/γδ T cells remains elusive. Here, we generated conditional knockout mouse models with thymus individual deletion of Ube2m or Ube2f, 2 neddylation E2-conjugating enzymes, and Rbx1 or Sag, 2 dual neddylation and ubiquitylation E3 ligases. We found that only Rbx1, but not Ube2m/Ube2f, nor Sag, plays an essential role in thymus development and fate determination of αβ/γδ T cells. Specifically, Rbx1 loss causes shrinkage of the thymus, delayed T cell development, increased γδ T cells in the thymus, increased the ratio of immature <i>Gzma</i> ⁺ γδ T cells, and decreased the ratio of the proliferative subpopulation. Some of these phenotypes were moderately rescued by simultaneous Bim deletion. Mechanistically, Rbx1 loss alters the Akt, NF-κB, and metabolic pathways in progenitor γδ T cells/DN3a cells. Finally, <i>Rbx1</i> loss altered the γδ T1/T17 cell population in the thymus, suggesting that Rbx1 controls the fate of γδ T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0774"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Development of Injectable, Mechanically Robust, and Energy Metabolism-Modulating Brushite Cements.","authors":"Dachuan Liu, Jiaxu Shi, Youhao Ni, Li Dong, Chen Cui, Lijie Wang, Yu Zhang, Jingxi Xu, Weicheng Chen, Kai Lu, Miodrag J Lukic, Wei Xia, Song Chen, Bin Li","doi":"10.34133/research.0776","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In orthopedic minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) such as percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are an attractive alternative to bioinert polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) due to their superior biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, the mechanical strength and injectability of CPCs often remain insufficient for load-bearing applications, limiting their broader use in these critical procedures. To address this challenge, we introduce a machine learning-assisted approach to enhance both the mechanical strength and injectability of CPCs by identifying specific polymers as superplasticizers. By optimizing its concentration and the liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratio, we developed an injectable brushite-based cement with an exceptional compressive strength of 79.5 ± 4.3 MPa, surpassing both traditional CPCs and PMMA in orthopedic applications. Zeta potential and adsorption studies reveal that these superplasticizers enhance cement paste dispersion via electrostatic repulsion. In vitro assays demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, while in vivo experiments further confirm the cement's superior osteoinductive capability. The brushite cement regulates cellular metabolism and stem cell differentiation by enhancing energy metabolism and activating key signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These findings offer a novel approach to fabricating CPCs with enhanced mechanical strength and osteogenic potential, addressing long-standing challenges in orthopedic MIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0776"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids Regulate Mammary Gland Lipogenesis and Development via Gα_s-Mediated cAMP-EPAC Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Baofeng Li, Senlin Su, Siyu Yuan, Dongpang Chen, Qianzi Zhang, Qihui Li, Xiaoai Lin, Xiaohuan Liang, Wutai Guan, Shihai Zhang","doi":"10.34133/research.0767","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) plays a pivotal role in regulating lactation, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mouse models, GPR120 expression in the mammary gland increases markedly during lactation. Under inflammatory conditions, both n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and GPR120 agonists markedly reduced inflammatory responses and enhanced lipogenesis and migration in HC11 mammary epithelial cells. These benefits were also observed under non-inflammatory conditions and were diminished when GPR120 was knocked down. Furthermore, the regulatory function of GPR120 under non-inflammatory conditions in in vivo and in vitro models is explored. We discovered that the GPR120-Gα_s-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) signaling axis is critical for lipogenesis and migration in mammary epithelial cells. Through transcriptomic analyses, the EPAC-CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) pathway was identified to primarily govern lipogenesis, while the EPAC-C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) autocrine loop regulates migration of mammary epithelial cells. Overall, these findings suggest that GPR120, which can be activated by n-3 PUFAs, improves mammary gland performance by alleviating inflammation and directly modulating mammary lipogenesis and mammary gland development through the CTCF-PPARγ/C/EBPα and CXCL14-CXCR4 pathways. Thus, GPR120 and its downstream signaling targets may represent an important clinical target for enhancing maternal lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0767"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterial Adjuvants for Veterinary Vaccines: Mechanisms and Applications.","authors":"Li He, Ruliang Pan, Rui Liang, Bingyao Li, Pei Zhang, Shujun He, Baoguo Li, Yuli Li","doi":"10.34133/research.0761","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Safe and effective veterinary vaccines prevent infectious diseases and reduce morbidity. In this field, nanovaccines based on nanomaterials are emerging, showing great potential as innovative alternatives to conventional vaccines. This paper highlights the advantages, disadvantages, and mechanisms of nanomaterials, including biomimetic, polymeric, lipid nanoparticles, self-assembling proteins, and other materials used in veterinary vaccine development. We also describe the progress of their research in developing vaccines against common and serious veterinary infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth illness, porcine epidemic diarrhea, pseudorabies, and bordetellosis. We aim to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for the research and development of new veterinary vaccines, thereby contributing to scientific and technological progress in the field of veterinary medicine and the protection of animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0761"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SpatConv Enables the Accurate Prediction of Protein Binding Sites by a Pretrained Protein Language Model and an Interpretable Bio-spatial Convolution.","authors":"Mingming Guan, Jiyun Han, Shizhuo Zhang, Hongyu Zheng, Juntao Liu","doi":"10.34133/research.0773","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein interactions with molecules, such as other proteins, peptides, or small ligands, play a critical role in biological processes, and the identification of protein binding sites is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying diseases such as cancer. Traditional protein binding site prediction models usually extract residue features manually and then employ a graph or point-cloud-based architecture borrowed from other fields. Therefore, substantial information loss and limited learning ability cause them to fail to capture residue binding patterns. To solve these challenges, we introduce a general network that predicts the binding residues of proteins, peptides, and metal ions on proteins. SpatConv extracts sequence features from a pretrained large protein language model and structure features from a local coordinate framework. SpatConv learns residue binding patterns through a specially designed, graph-free bio-spatial convolution, which characterizes the complex spatial environments around the residues. After training and testing, SpatConv demonstrates great improvements over the state-of-the-art predictors and reveals novel biological insights into the relationship between binding sites and physicochemical properties. Notably, SpatConv exhibits robust performance across predicted and experimental structures, enhancing its reliability. Additionally, when applying it to the spike protein structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SpatConv successfully identifies antibody binding sites and predicts potential binding regions, providing strong evidence supporting new drug development. A user-friendly online server for SpatConv is freely available at http://liulab.top/SpatConv/server.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0773"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}