Research最新文献

{"title":"A Resource-Virtualized and Hardware-Aware Quantum Compilation Framework for Real Quantum Computing Processors.","authors":"Hong-Ze Xu, Xu-Dan Chai, Meng-Jun Hu, Zheng-An Wang, Yu-Long Feng, Yu Chen, Xinpeng Zhang, Jingbo Wang, Wei-Feng Zhuang, Yu-Xin Jin, Yirong Jin, Haifeng Yu, Heng Fan, Dong E Liu","doi":"10.34133/research.0947","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As quantum computing systems continue to scale up and become more clustered, efficiently compiling user quantum programs into high-fidelity executable sequences on real hardware remains a key challenge for current quantum compilation systems. In this study, we introduce a system-software framework that integrates resource virtualization and hardware-aware compilation for real quantum computing processors, termed QSteed. QSteed virtualizes quantum processors through a 4-layer abstraction hierarchy comprising the real quantum processing unit (QPU), standard QPU (StdQPU), substructure of the QPU (SubQPU), and virtual QPU (VQPU). These abstractions, together with calibration data, device topology, and noise descriptors, are maintained in a dedicated database to enable unified and fine-grained management across superconducting quantum platforms. At run time, the modular compiler queries the database to match each incoming circuit with the most suitable VQPU, after which it confines layout, routing, gate resynthesis, and noise-adaptive optimizations to that virtual subregion. The complete stack has been deployed on the Quafu superconducting cluster, where experimental runs confirm the correctness of the virtualization model and the efficacy of the compiler without requiring modifications to user code. By integrating resource virtualization with a select-then-compile workflow, QSteed demonstrates a robust architecture for compiling programs on noisy superconducting processors. This architectural approach offers a promising path toward efficient compilation needs across various superconducting quantum computing platforms in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0947"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12528855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZDHHC14-Mediated TEAD4 Palmitoylation Drives Th17 Cell Recruitment in Renal Immunopathology.","authors":"Yena Zhou, Chuyue Zhang, Jikai Xia, Shunlai Shang, Qun Liu, Xinru Guo, Jie Zhang, Shaoyuan Cui, Xu Wang, Ran Liu, Yingjie Zhang, Lingling Wu, Quan Hong, Xiaoniao Chen, Ying Zheng","doi":"10.34133/research.0954","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palmitoylation, a crucial posttranslational protein modification, plays an undefined role in immune-mediated kidney diseases. This study reveals a novel mechanism whereby palmitoylation regulates the activity of transcription factor TEAD4 to facilitate T helper 17 (Th17) cell recruitment in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), suggesting that inhibition of palmitoylation could serve as a \"brake\" mechanism to impede disease progression. By analyzing samples from IgAN patients and mouse models, we identified a marked positive correlation between the extent of Th17 cell infiltration in renal tissues and disease severity. Mechanistically, under inflammatory conditions, injured tubular epithelial cells up-regulate CCL20 expression through the transcription factor TEAD4, thereby facilitating Th17 cell recruitment. Notably, TEAD4 activity is regulated by palmitoylation modification rather than changes in protein expression levels. Further analysis identified ZDHHC14 as the key palmitoyltransferase mediating TEAD4 palmitoylation, which is highly expressed in renal tissues of both IgAN patients and model mice. Knockdown of ZDHHC14 effectively reduced CCL20 expression and subsequent Th17 cell infiltration. In vivo therapeutic experiments demonstrated that administration of the ZDHHC inhibitor 2-BP effectively attenuated Th17 cell infiltration and renal interstitial fibrosis in model mice, markedly delaying disease progression. This study provides the first evidence of TEAD4 palmitoylation-mediated regulation in immune-mediated kidney and proposes a novel strategy to modulate Th17-driven disorders, with broad implications for autoimmune and fibrotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0954"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12529098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Reaction Kinetics via Interfacial Mediation in Quasi- and All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.","authors":"Ke Wang, Yanjiao Ma, Torsten Brezesinski, Yuan Ma, Yuping Wu","doi":"10.34133/research.0949","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted much interest owing to the natural abundance of sulfur and its high theoretical specific capacity (<i>q</i> _th ≈ 1,672 mAh g^-1), offering the potential to achieve cell-level energy densities exceeding 400 Wh kg^-1. While excess electrolyte facilitates redox reactions, it compromises specific energy and safety, driving the shift toward lean-electrolyte and solid-state systems. Although this helps suppress polysulfide shuttling, such strategies suffer from sluggish solid-solid conversion reactions and poor interfacial kinetics. Recently, studies adopting interfacial mediator strategies have emerged to address these challenges by enabling localized redox reactions at otherwise inactive interfaces. This perspective highlights advances in mediator-facilitated sulfur conversion under quasi- and all-solid-state conditions, offering insights into designing high-performance (electrolyte-efficient) lithium-sulfur batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0949"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted-Modified MultiTransm Microelectrode Arrays Simultaneously Track Dopamine and Cellular Electrophysiology in Nucleus Accumbens during Sleep-Wake Transitions.","authors":"Qianli Jia, Zhaojie Xu, Yu Wang, Yiming Duan, Yu Liu, Jin Shan, Jiale Ma, Qi Li, Jinping Luo, Yan Luo, Ying Wang, Shumin Duan, Yanqin Yu, Mixia Wang, Xinxia Cai","doi":"10.34133/research.0944","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular-level electrophysiological and neurotransmitter signals serve as key biomarkers of sleep depth, offering insights into the dynamic sleep transitions and the neural mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide an innovative solution for in situ, simultaneous detection of these signals with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, despite substantial progress in electrode material development, current multimodal MEA systems remain fundamentally constrained by partial integration. This study aims to address the performance limitations of multimodal MEAs by developing a MultiTransm MEA (MT MEA), integrating a 3-electrode system with site-specific surface modifications: platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-modified sites for electrophysiology, PtNP/PEDOT:PSS/Nafion-modified sites for dopamine sensing, and iridium oxide (IrOx)-based on-probe reference electrodes. The directional surface modification strategy was employed to enable compact integration, minimize inter-channel crosstalk, preserve high spatiotemporal resolution for both electrophysiological and electrochemical detection, and ensure long-term operational stability. By incorporating electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), MT MEAs enable real-time in vivo monitoring of sleep dynamics within the nucleus accumbens. Three distinct spike types were identified, whose coordinated activity shaped the sleep architecture. In addition, EEG and local field potential (LFP) signals exhibited distinct patterns during wakefulness, indicating region-specific neural processing. Notably, dopamine release was lowest during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and peaked during wakefulness, suggesting a neuromodulatory role in sleep-wake transitions. These results demonstrate that MT MEAs are powerful tools for probing neural and neurochemical activity across sleep states, offering new insights into the physiological regulation of sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0944"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Ferroptosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanisms and Implications.","authors":"Zi-Hui Mao, Yong Liu, Qing Zhang, Shaokang Pan, Duo Chen, Yingjin Qiao, Hui Wang, Dongwei Liu, Zhangsuo Liu, Qi Feng","doi":"10.34133/research.0934","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and progressive condition that leads to renal structural abnormalities and a gradual decline in kidney function. CKD has various etiologies, including diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Current treatments focus on slowing disease progression and managing complications; however, CKD often progresses to end-stage renal disease, necessitating renal replacement therapy. Therefore, innovative therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Recent studies have highlighted the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, in CKD pathogenesis. Ferroptosis contributes to structural damage and functional impairment in renal cells. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence and have been implicated in CKD progression. These epigenetic alterations may influence inflammation, fibrosis, and ferroptosis, thereby exacerbating renal dysfunction. This review explores the intersection of ferroptosis and epigenetic regulation in CKD, offering novel insights into the mechanisms driving disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, this study provides a deeper understanding of CKD pathogenesis and proposes potential future treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0934"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organs-on-a-Chip Recapitulating the Gut-Islets Axis for Endocrine Hormone Secretion Regulator Evaluation.","authors":"Ji Sun, Zhuhao Wu, Jingbo Li, Luoran Shang, Yuanjin Zhao, Ling Li","doi":"10.34133/research.0923","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organ-on-a-chip is emerging as a vital platform for in vitro modeling of biological systems. However, its application in the gut-islets axis and assessing regulators of endocrine hormone secretion has yet to be explored. Here, we developed an organ-on-a-chip platform featuring a microfluidic chip with scaffolds of a closed-packed porous structure to recapitulate the characteristics of the gut-islets axis for bile acid (BA) evaluation. The scaffolds were fabricated by negative replication of assembled droplet templates, enabling intestinal L-cells and pancreatic β-cells to form uniform spheroids. The scaffolds were embedded within a well-designed cascading microfluidic chip capable of generating a concentration gradient. Through this, the assessment of different concentrations of BAs in promoting GLP-1 and insulin secretion was achieved, with results consistent with previous studies, indicating the high accuracy of our platform. This novel system holds promise for evaluating other drugs or signaling molecules involved in glucose homeostasis, offering a new avenue for metabolic drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0923"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolution in Cell Therapy: In Vivo Chimeric-Antigen-Receptor-T-Cell Therapy Breakthroughs and Promises for the Future.","authors":"Mingyu Lai, Wenxia Shao, Jianhua Mao, Qing Ye","doi":"10.34133/research.0917","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has achieved important results in the treatment of hematological tumors, but traditional CAR-T-cell therapy has the problems of complicated in vitro preparation processes, high cost, low T-cell function in patients, difficulty in multiple dosing, and limited treatment efficacy in solid tumors. In vivo CAR-T-cell therapy has emerged as needed. The CAR gene component is directly delivered to T cells in the host through the delivery system to achieve in situ reprogramming, avoids in vitro manipulation, and has important advantages in terms of the timeliness of treatment, economic feasibility, and persistence of treatment. This paper describes the current state of research on in vivo CAR-T-cell therapy, including the development of delivery systems and the application of CAR-T-cell therapy in treating hematological malignancies, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, as well as discussions on efficient delivery, safety regulation, persistence and functional optimization, and overcoming the tumor microenvironment. It also explores innovative solutions, which hold promise for the future development of in vivo CAR-T-cell therapy, particularly in terms of technological breakthroughs, expansion of treatment indications, and industrialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0917"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of Emerging Memristors for In-Memory Computing Applications.","authors":"Qingxin Chen, Lin Lu, Jialin Meng, Mingsheng Xu, Tianyu Wang","doi":"10.34133/research.0916","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The memristor, as an emerging nonvolatile device, has garnered considerable attention due to its low power consumption, high density, and multifunctionality. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of memristors for logic gates, with a focus on key breakthroughs and challenges in material design, device performance, and logic circuit implementation. It covers a variety of material systems including 2-dimensional materials, perovskite materials, and optoelectronic materials, as well as novel structures such as array architectures and wearable textile memristors, evaluating their suitability for achieving stable and efficient logic operations. In addition, the review provides a comparative analysis of different implementation strategies for basic logic, optoelectronic logic, and combinational logic, offering an in-depth discussion of their respective characteristics and advantages. This review also emphasizes the application prospects of memristor logic gates in reconfigurable computing, neuromorphic computing, and in-memory computing architectures, providing a theoretical foundation and practical support for the development of high-density integration and efficient memristor logic circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0916"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large-Area Uniform Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Stabilizing Li-Metal Electrodes via Solvation Cages.","authors":"Zhuozhuo Tang, Jia Chen, Da Zhu, Li Sheng, Yang Yang, Kai Yang, Jianlong Wang, Yaping Tang, Xiangming He, Hong Xu","doi":"10.34133/research.0926","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their ordered structures, hold promise as ion-conducting materials in cells/batteries. Nevertheless, the rigid cross-linking of porous materials prevents them from being processed into membranes, while composite membranes weaken the material's conductivity advantage due to phase interruptions. Here, we report a phase-continuous 3-dimensional COF (3D-COF) membrane with a large size of 15 cm × 25 cm, fabricated via in situ interfacial engineering. The COF membranes possessed a non-interpenetrating dia topology that facilitated 3D continuous ionic pathways at the molecular level. Further, the hydroxyl and imine groups on the framework could form Li⁺-solvation cages, providing the hydrogen-bonding locking sites that facilitate the conversion of the Li-solvates into more readily reducible species. Combined with the dense nanoporous feature, this 3D-COF membrane was found to be very effective in inhibiting Li-dendrites and parasitic reactions and demonstrated a stabilizing effect and good cycling performance in the Li|NMC622 batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0926"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Signature-Based Drug Screening Reveals Ponatinib Enhances Immunotherapy Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Reversing MDSC-Mediated Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.","authors":"Qianyu Wang, Shasha Li, Yuan Wu, Xiankuo Yu, Yifei Dai, Yumei Wang, Lu Li, Ming Yang, Kequan Lin, Wei Shao, Haiyan Wang, Huili Wang, Guanbin Zhang, Dong Wang","doi":"10.34133/research.0915","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is critical for the establishment of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), yet no approved therapies specifically block it. Here, we employed a gene signature-based drug screening approach to identify potential agents for reversing MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Transcriptomic analysis of 73,326 tumor samples and 190,588 single cells revealed C-X-C motif ligand 1 (<i>CXCL1</i>) and <i>CXCL2</i> as the key gene signature of MDSC infiltration. Combining this gene signature with high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening (HTS²), we identified ponatinib as a potential inhibitor of MDSC infiltration. By employing multiple preclinical models, we demonstrated that ponatinib blocks MDSC infiltration and reverses the immunosuppressive TME, thus inhibiting TNBC growth in a TME-dependent manner, and significantly enhances anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy efficacy. Mechanistically, ponatinib directly inhibits p38α kinase activity, reducing signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation at Ser⁷²⁷ and suppressing <i>CXCL1</i> and <i>CXCL2</i> expression in cancer cells, thereby blocking MDSC infiltration. Our findings establish ponatinib as a novel inhibitor of MDSC-mediated immunosuppressive TME and underscore its therapeutic potential in combination with immune checkpoint blockade for TNBC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0915"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}