Research最新文献

{"title":"Melatonin Induces Analgesic Effects through MT₂ Receptor-Mediated Neuroimmune Modulation in the Mice Anterior Cingulate Cortex.","authors":"Jian Wang, Junxiang Gu, Fujuan Ma, Yi Wei, Pan Wang, Shanming Yang, Xianxia Yan, Yifan Xiao, Keke Xing, Anxin Lou, Liru Zheng, Tingting Cao, Dayu Zhu, Jinlian Li, Luoying Zhang, Yunqing Li, Tao Chen","doi":"10.34133/research.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain (NP) represents a considerable clinical challenge, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life. Presently, pharmacotherapy serves as a primary approach for NP alleviation, yet its efficacy often remains suboptimal. Melatonin (MLT), a biologically active compound secreted by the pineal gland, has long been associated with promoting and maintaining sleep. Although recent studies suggest analgesic effects of MLT, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown, particularly its impact on the cortex. In this study, we induced an NP model in mice through spared nerve injury (SNI) and observed a considerable, dose-dependent alleviation in NP symptoms following intraperitoneal or anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) administration of MLT. Our findings further indicated that the NP management of MLT is selectively mediated by MLT-related receptor 2 (MT₂R), rather than MT₁R, on neurons and microglia within the ACC. Transcriptome sequencing, complemented by bioinformatics analysis, implicated MLT in the modulation of Gα(i) and immune-inflammatory signals. Specifically, MLT inhibited the excitability level of pyramidal cells in the ACC by activating the Gα(i) signaling pathway. Simultaneously, MLT attenuated M₁ polarization and promoted M₂ polarization of microglia, thereby mitigating the inflammatory response and type II interferon response within the ACC. These findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized molecular mechanism: an MLT-mediated neuroimmune modulation pathway in the ACC mediated by MT₂R. This elucidation sheds light on the regulatory character of MLT in chronic nociceptive pain conditions, offering a prospective therapeutic strategy for NP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0493"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Individual to Population: Circuit Organization of Pyramidal Tract and Intratelencephalic Neurons in Mouse Sensorimotor Cortex.","authors":"Mei Yao, Ayizuohere Tudi, Tao Jiang, Xu An, Xueyan Jia, Anan Li, Z Josh Huang, Hui Gong, Xiangning Li, Qingming Luo","doi":"10.34133/research.0470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sensorimotor cortex participates in diverse functions with different reciprocally connected subregions and projection-defined pyramidal neuron types therein, while the fundamental organizational logic of its circuit elements at the single-cell level is still largely unclear. Here, using mouse Cre driver lines and high-resolution whole-brain imaging to selectively trace the axons and dendrites of cortical pyramidal tract (PT) and intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, we reconstructed the complete morphology of 1,023 pyramidal neurons and generated a projectome of 6 subregions within the sensorimotor cortex. Our morphological data revealed substantial hierarchical and layer differences in the axonal innervation patterns of pyramidal neurons. We found that neurons located in the medial motor cortex had more diverse projection patterns than those in the lateral motor and sensory cortices. The morphological characteristics of IT neurons in layer 5 were more complex than those in layer 2/3. Furthermore, the soma location and morphological characteristics of individual neurons exhibited topographic correspondence. Different subregions and layers were composed of different proportions of projection subtypes that innervate downstream areas differentially. While the axonal terminals of PT neuronal population in each cortical subregion were distributed in specific subdomains of the superior colliculus (SC) and zona incerta (ZI), single neurons selectively innervated a combination of these projection targets. Overall, our data provide a comprehensive list of projection types of pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex and begin to unveil the organizational principle of these projection types in different subregions and layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0470"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelics and Consciousness: Expanding the Horizons of Mind and Therapy.","authors":"Miyuan Zhang, Yibo Wang, Tian-Ming Gao, Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.34133/research.0495","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychedelics have long been recognized not only for their profound impact on human consciousness but also for their potential therapeutic applications. This perspective explores the multifaceted relationship between psychedelics and consciousness, emphasizing their capacity to alter sensory perceptions, disrupt self-referential thought processes, and catalyze profound spiritual and existential experiences. As research advances, psychedelics are being integrated into therapeutic settings, challenging existing psychiatric models and offering new insights into the complex nature of consciousness and mental health. This emerging paradigm marks the need for careful regulation and ethical considerations in the therapeutic use of psychedelics, promising a more holistic approach to mental health disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0495"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Deep Learning-Crop Platform (DL-CRoP): For Species-Level Identification and Nutrient Status of Agricultural Crops.","authors":"Mohammad Urfan, Prakriti Rajput, Palak Mahajan, Shubham Sharma, Haroon Rashid Hakla, Verasis Kour, Bhubneshwari Khajuria, Rehana Chowdhary, Parveen Kumar Lehana, Namrata Karlupia, Pawanesh Abrol, Lam Son Phan Tran, Sikander Pal Choudhary","doi":"10.34133/research.0491","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise and timely detection of a crop's nutrient requirement will play a crucial role in assuring optimum plant growth and crop yield. The present study introduces a reliable deep learning platform called \"Deep Learning-Crop Platform\" (DL-CRoP) for the identification of some commercially grown plants and their nutrient requirements using leaf, stem, and root images using a convolutional neural network (CNN). It extracts intrinsic feature patterns through hierarchical mapping and provides remarkable outcomes in identification tasks. The DL-CRoP platform is trained on the plant image dataset, namely, Jammu University-Botany Image Database (JU-BID), available at https://github.com/urfanbutt. The findings demonstrate implementation of DL-CRoP-cases A (uses shoot images) and B (uses leaf images) for species identification for <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (tomato), <i>Vigna radiata</i> (Vigna), and <i>Zea mays</i> (maize), and cases C (uses leaf images) and D (uses root images) for diagnosis of nitrogen deficiency in maize. The platform achieved a higher rate of accuracy at 80-20, 70-30, and 60-40 splits for all the case studies, compared with established algorithms such as random forest, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, AdaBoost, and naïve Bayes. It provides a higher accuracy rate in classification parameters like recall, precision, and F1 score for cases A (90.45%), B (100%), and C (93.21), while a medium-level accuracy of 68.54% for case D. To further improve the accuracy of the platform in case study C, the CNN was modified including a multi-head attention (MHA) block. It resulted in the enhancement of the accuracy of classifying the nitrogen deficiency above 95%. The platform could play an important role in evaluating the health status of crop plants along with a role in precise identification of species. It may be used as a better module for precision crop cultivation under limited nutrient conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0491"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Hydrogels that Balance Microbiome for Tumor Treatment.","authors":"Chu Jiang, Huajie Liu, Yinan Zhang","doi":"10.34133/research.0494","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intervening in the microbial environment holds promise for enhancing antitumor efficacy by reshaping the tumor microenvironment, yet few strategies have been reported. In a study led by Zou and coworkers, oral hydrogels are introduced to regulate the microbiota balance in the intestines and tumors, triggering an antitumor immune response. This work presents a microbiota-targeted drug delivery system that demonstrates notable efficacy in colon targeting and colon retention for the treatment of colorectal cancer. This represents a significant clinical advancement in treating colorectal cancer, which is particularly vulnerable to microbial infiltration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0494"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Olfactory Bulb-Cortex Neural Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Shuai-Shuai Wang, Xing-Feng Mao, Zhi-Shen Cai, Wen Lin, Xiu-Xiu Liu, Bei Luo, Xiang Chen, Yue Yue, Heng-Yu Fan, Takuya Sasaki, Kohji Fukunaga, Wen-Bin Zhang, Ying-Mei Lu, Feng Han","doi":"10.34133/research.0484","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive dysfunction stands as a prevalent and consequential non-motor manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although dysfunction of the olfactory system has been recognized as an important predictor of cognitive decline, the exact mechanism by which aberrant olfactory circuits contribute to cognitive dysfunction in PD is unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence for abnormal functional connectivity across olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) by clinical fMRI, and dysfunction of neural coherence in the olfactory system in PD mice. Moreover, we discovered that 2 subpopulations of mitral/tufted (M/T) cells in OB projecting to anterior PC (aPC) and EC precisely mediated the process of cognitive memory respectively by neural coherence at specific frequencies in mice. In addition, the transcriptomic profiling analysis and functional genetic regulation analysis further revealed that biorientation defective 1 (<i>Bod1</i>) may play a pivotal role in encoding OB^M/T-mediated cognitive function. We also verified that a new deep brain stimulation protocol in OB ameliorated the cognitive function of <i>Bod1</i>-deficient mice and PD mice. Together, aberrant coherent activity in the olfactory system can serve as a biomarker for assessing cognitive function and provide a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0484"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum 2-Player Games and Realizations with Circuits.","authors":"Jinliang Zhang, Tian Chen, Wenyuan Deng, Xiaoxue Tong, Xiangdong Zhang","doi":"10.34133/research.0480","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Game theory problems are widely applied in many research areas such as computer science and finance, with the key issue being how to quickly make decisions. Here, we present a novel quantum algorithm for game theory problems based on a continuous quantum walk. Our algorithm exhibits quantum advantage compared to classical game algorithms. Furthermore, we exploit the analogy between the wave function of the Schrödinger equation and the voltage in Kirchhoff's law to effectively translate the design of quantum game trees into classical circuit networks. We have theoretically simulated the quantum game trees and experimentally validated the quantum functionality speedup on classical circuit networks. Due to the robust scalability and stability inherent in classical circuit networks, quantum game trees implemented within this framework hold promise for addressing more intricate application scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0480"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive Terahertz Label-Free Metasensors Enabled by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum.","authors":"Ride Wang, Lingyu Song, Hao Ruan, Quanlong Yang, Xiao Yang, Xiaobao Zhang, Rundong Jiang, Xiangmin Shi, Alexander P Shkurinov","doi":"10.34133/research.0483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced sensing devices based on metasurfaces have emerged as a revolutionary platform for innovative label-free biosensors, holding promise for early diagnostics and the detection of low-concentration analytes. Here, we developed a chip-based ultrasensitive terahertz (THz) metasensor, leveraging a quasi-bound state in the continuum (<i>q-</i>BIC) to address the challenges associated with intricate operations in trace biochemical detection. The metasensor design features an open-ring resonator metasurface, which supports magnetic dipole <i>q</i>-BIC combining functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bound with a specific antibody. The substantial enhancement in THz-analyte interactions, facilitated by the potent near-field enhancement enabled by the <i>q</i>-BICs, results in a substantial boost in biosensor sensitivity by up to 560 GHz/refractive index units. This methodology allows for the detection of conjugated antibody-AuNPs for cardiac troponin I at concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/ml. These discoveries deliver valuable insight for AuNP-based trace biomolecule sensing and pave the path for the development of chip-scale biosensors with profound light-matter interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0483"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary \"Beigeing\" Fat Contains More Phosphatidylserine and Enhances Mitochondrial Function while Counteracting Obesity.","authors":"Yanbing Zhou, Defeng Ling, Liyi Wang, Ziye Xu, Wenjing You, Wentao Chen, Qiuyun Nong, Teresa G Valencak, Tizhong Shan","doi":"10.34133/research.0492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activation of mitochondrial function and heat production in adipose tissue by the modification of dietary fat is a promising strategy against obesity. However, as an important source of lipids for ketogenic and daily diets, the function of fats extracted from different adipose tissue sites was largely unknown. In this study, we illustrated the function of fats extracted from adipose tissues with different \"beigeing\" properties in the ketogenic diet and identified lipid profiles of fats that facilitate energy expenditure. We found that the anti-obesity effect of ketogenic diets was potentiated by using \"beigeing\" fat [porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)] as a major energy-providing ingredient. Through lipidomic analyses, phosphatidylserine (PS) was identified as a functional lipid activating thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that PS induces adipose tissue thermogenesis and alleviates diet-induced obesity in mice. In vitro studies showed that PS promotes UCP1 expression and lipolysis of adipocytes. Mechanistically, PS promoted mitochondrial function in adipocytes via the ADCY3-cAMP-PKA-PGC1α pathway. In addition, PS-PGC1a binding may affect the stability of the PGC1α protein, which further augments PS-induced thermogenesis. These results demonstrated the efficacy of dietary SAT fats in diminishing lipid accumulation and the underlying molecular mechanism of PS in enhancing UCP1 expression and mitochondrial function. Thus, our findings suggest that as dietary fat, \"beigeing\" fat provides more beneficial lipids that contribute to the improvement of mitochondrial function, including PS, which may become a novel, nonpharmacological therapy to increase energy expenditure and counteract obesity and its related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0492"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Enables Comprehensive Prediction of the Relative Protein Abundance of Multiple Proteins on the Protein Corona.","authors":"Xiuhao Fu, Chao Yang, Yunyun Su, Chunling Liu, Haoye Qiu, Yanyan Yu, Gaoxing Su, Qingchen Zhang, Leyi Wei, Feifei Cui, Quan Zou, Zilong Zhang","doi":"10.34133/research.0487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding protein corona composition is essential for evaluating their potential applications in biomedicine. Relative protein abundance (RPA), accounting for the total proteins in the corona, is an important parameter for describing the protein corona. For the first time, we comprehensively predicted the RPA of multiple proteins on the protein corona. First, we used multiple machine learning algorithms to predict whether a protein adsorbs to a nanoparticle, which is dichotomous prediction. Then, we selected the top 3 performing machine learning algorithms in dichotomous prediction to predict the specific value of RPA, which is regression prediction. Meanwhile, we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different machine learning algorithms for RPA prediction through interpretable analysis. Finally, we mined important features about the RPA prediction, which provided effective suggestions for the preliminary design of protein corona. The service for the prediction of RPA is available at http://www.bioai-lab.com/PC_ML.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0487"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}