{"title":"Conformal Radiation-Type Programmable Metasurface for Agile Millimeter-Wave Orbital Angular Momentum Generation.","authors":"Anjie Cao, Tao Ni, Yuhua Chen, Longpan Wang, Zhenfei Li, Xudong Bai, Fuli Zhang, Zhansheng Chen","doi":"10.34133/research.0631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the scarcity of bandwidth resources has become increasingly critical in modern communication systems, orbital angular momentum (OAM) with a higher degree of freedom in information modulation has become a promising solution to alleviate the shortage of spectrum resources. Consequently, the integration of OAM with millimeter-wave technology has emerged as a focal point in next-generation communication research. Recently, programmable metasurfaces have gained considerable attention as essential devices for OAM generation due to real-time tunability, but their profiles are relatively high as a result of the external feed source. This paper proposes a conformal radiation-type programmable metasurface operating in the millimeter-wave band. By employing a series-parallel hybrid feed network to replace conventional external feed sources, the overall profile of the metasurface system can be reduced to less than 0.1<i>λ</i>. Furthermore, the proposed innovation design could also achieve a conformal cross-shaped architecture, which is ultraportable and very effective in integrating with the front ends of satellites or aircraft and eliminating issues such as feed source blockage as well as energy spillover losses in conventional metasurfaces. The proposed metasurface could achieve a realized gain of 22.54 dB with an aperture efficiency of 21.75%, thus generating high-purity OAM waves with topological charges of <i>l</i> = 0, <i>l</i> = +1, <i>l</i> = +2, and <i>l</i> = +3. Additionally, by incorporating beam scanning techniques, OAM waves could be deflected to accommodate scenarios with moving receivers, demonstrating substantial potential for future high-speed wireless communication applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0631"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-12eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0616
Jianhui Lv, Adam Slowik, Shalli Rani, Byung-Gyu Kim, Chien-Ming Chen, Saru Kumari, Keqin Li, Xiaohong Lyu, Huamao Jiang
{"title":"Multimodal Metaverse Healthcare: A Collaborative Representation and Adaptive Fusion Approach for Generative Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Diagnosis.","authors":"Jianhui Lv, Adam Slowik, Shalli Rani, Byung-Gyu Kim, Chien-Ming Chen, Saru Kumari, Keqin Li, Xiaohong Lyu, Huamao Jiang","doi":"10.34133/research.0616","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The metaverse enables immersive virtual healthcare environments, presenting opportunities for enhanced care delivery. A key challenge lies in effectively combining multimodal healthcare data and generative artificial intelligence abilities within metaverse-based healthcare applications, which is a problem that needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a novel multimodal learning framework for metaverse healthcare, MMLMH, based on collaborative intra- and intersample representation and adaptive fusion. Our framework introduces a collaborative representation learning approach that captures shared and modality-specific features across text, audio, and visual health data. By combining modality-specific and shared encoders with carefully formulated intrasample and intersample collaboration mechanisms, MMLMH achieves superior feature representation for complex health assessments. The framework's adaptive fusion approach, utilizing attention mechanisms and gated neural networks, demonstrates robust performance across varying noise levels and data quality conditions. Experiments on metaverse healthcare datasets demonstrate MMLMH's superior performance over baseline methods across multiple evaluation metrics. Longitudinal studies and visualization further illustrate MMLMH's adaptability to evolving virtual environments and balanced performance across diagnostic accuracy, patient-system interaction efficacy, and data integration complexity. The proposed framework has a unique advantage in that a similar level of performance is maintained across various patient populations and virtual avatars, which could lead to greater personalization of healthcare experiences in the metaverse. MMLMH's successful functioning in such complicated circumstances suggests that it can combine and process information streams from several sources. They can be successfully utilized in next-generation healthcare delivery through virtual reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0616"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Single-Step Terahertz Metasensing for Simultaneous Detection Based on Exosomal Membrane Proteins Enables Pathological Typing of Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Qingzhe Jia, Zhaofu Ma, Yujia Wang, Mingjin Zhang, Guijun Zou, Bin Lan, Songyan Li, Zeqiu Lao, Wenbin Shen, Jing Lou, Yanan Jiao, Xiaohui Du","doi":"10.34133/research.0625","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes (Exos) are emerging as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and progression monitoring of gastric cancer (GC). However, the heterogeneity discrimination and ultrasensitive quantification of Exos presents a considerable analytical challenge, thereby impeding severely their clinical application. Herein, we propose an integrated terahertz metasensing platform for the discrimination of Exos in distinct subtypes of GC in a single step-through the simultaneous evaluation of the category and richness level of Exos membrane proteins. Characterized by dual-sided independent sensing capabilities with enhanced sensitivity (169 and 325 GHz per refractive index unit, respectively), the metasensor functionalized with antibodies simultaneously reflects the content of 2 membrane proteins in the terahertz spectral response. Our approach concurrently completes accurate differentiation and precise quantification of GC-subtype Exos by integrating dual-sided sensing information in merely a single assay. The dual-sided sensing design enhances the reliability of detection results. Moreover, combined with the signal amplification of gold nanoparticles, the platform experimentally demonstrates a superior dynamic response to Exos concentrations spanning from 1 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> particles/ml, with the limit of detection being 1 × 10<sup>4</sup> particles/ml. This work provides new insights into multisensing metasurface design and paves the way for precise and personalized cancer treatment through the specific sensing of Exos.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0625"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-08eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0628
Yuhong Hu, Hao Jia, Hao Cui, Jiangping Song
{"title":"Application of Spatial Omics in the Cardiovascular System.","authors":"Yuhong Hu, Hao Jia, Hao Cui, Jiangping Song","doi":"10.34133/research.0628","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases constitute a marked threat to global health, and the emergence of spatial omics technologies has revolutionized cardiovascular research. This review explores the application of spatial omics, including spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, spatial metabolomics, spatial genomics, and spatial epigenomics, providing more insight into the molecular and cellular foundations of cardiovascular disease and highlighting the critical contributions of spatial omics to cardiovascular science, and discusses future prospects, including technological advancements, integration of multi-omics, and clinical applications. These developments should contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular diseases and guide the progress of precision medicine, targeted therapies, and personalized treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0628"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fat-1 Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis through Promoting the Nuclear Localization of PPARα in Hamsters.","authors":"Wenxi Zhang, Jiabao Guo, Guolin Miao, Jingxuan Chen, Yitong Xu, Pingping Lai, Lianxin Zhang, Yufei Han, Sin Man Lam, Guanghou Shui, Yuhui Wang, Wei Huang, Xunde Xian","doi":"10.34133/research.0577","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fat-1, an enzyme encoded by the <i>fat-1</i> gene, is responsible for the conversion of endogenous omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids into omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. To better investigate whether the expression of Fat-1 will exert a beneficial function in dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), we established an adeno-associated virus 9 expressing Fat-1. We found that adeno-associated-virus-mediated expression of Fat-1 markedly reduced the levels of plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol but increased high-density lipoprotein levels in male wild-type hamsters on both chow diet and high-fat diet as well as in chow-diet-fed male LDLR<sup>-/-</sup> hamsters. Fat-1 ameliorated diet-induced MAFLD in wild-type hamsters by enhancing fatty acid oxidation through the hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-dependent pathway. Mechanistically, Fat-1 increased the levels of multiple lipid derivatives as ligands for PPARα and simultaneously facilitated the nuclear localization of PPARα. Our results provide new insights into the multiple therapeutic potentials of Fat-1 to treat dyslipidemia, MAFLD, and atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0577"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-06eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0633
Ning Wu, Mingze Xu, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Jing Li, Ying Hui, Xiaoshuai Li, Zhenchang Wang, Han Lv
{"title":"Retinal Vascular Morphology Reflects and Predicts Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Evidences from Eye-Brain Imaging Analysis.","authors":"Ning Wu, Mingze Xu, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Jing Li, Ying Hui, Xiaoshuai Li, Zhenchang Wang, Han Lv","doi":"10.34133/research.0633","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) involves ischemic white matter damage and choroid plexus (CP) dysfunction for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Given the vascular and CSF links between the eye and brain, this study explored whether retinal vascular morphology can indicate cerebrovascular injury and CP dysfunction in SVD. We assessed SVD burden using imaging phenotypes like white matter hyperintensities (WMH), perivascular spaces, lacunes, and microbleeds. Cerebrovascular injury was quantified by WMH volume and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), while CP volume measured its dysfunction. Retinal vascular markers were derived from fundus images, with associations analyzed using generalized linear models and Pearson correlations. Path analysis quantified contributions of cerebrovascular injury and CP volume to retinal changes. Support vector machine models were developed to predict SVD severity using retinal and demographic data. Among 815 participants, 578 underwent ocular imaging. Increased SVD burden markedly correlated with both cerebral and retinal biomarkers, with retinal alterations equally influenced by cerebrovascular damage and CP enlargement. Machine learning models showed robust predictive power for severe SVD burden (AUC was 0.82), PSMD (0.81), WMH volume (0.77), and CP volume (0.80). These findings suggest that retinal imaging could serve as a cost-effective, noninvasive tool for SVD screening based on vascular and CSF connections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0633"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-05eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0612
Jie Wang, Fanglin Shao, Qing Xin Yu, Luxia Ye, Dilinaer Wusiman, Ruicheng Wu, Zhouting Tuo, Zhipeng Wang, Dengxiong Li, William C Cho, Wuran Wei, Dechao Feng
{"title":"The Common Hallmarks and Interconnected Pathways of Aging, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Jie Wang, Fanglin Shao, Qing Xin Yu, Luxia Ye, Dilinaer Wusiman, Ruicheng Wu, Zhouting Tuo, Zhipeng Wang, Dengxiong Li, William C Cho, Wuran Wei, Dechao Feng","doi":"10.34133/research.0612","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate relationship between cancer, circadian rhythms, and aging is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Aging is a well-established primary risk factor for cancer, while disruptions in circadian rhythms are intricately associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of various tumors. Moreover, aging itself disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to physiological changes that may accelerate cancer development. Despite these connections, the specific interplay between these processes and their collective impact on cancer remains inadequately explored in the literature. In this review, we systematically explore the physiological mechanisms of circadian rhythms and their influence on cancer development. We discuss how core circadian genes impact tumor risk and prognosis, highlighting the shared hallmarks of cancer and aging such as genomic instability, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between circadian rhythms and aging, focusing on how this crosstalk contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as the impact on cellular metabolism and genomic stability. By elucidating the common pathways linking aging, circadian rhythms, and cancer, this review provides new insights into the pathophysiology of cancer and identifies potential therapeutic strategies. We propose that targeting the circadian regulation of cancer hallmarks could pave the way for novel treatments, including chronotherapy and antiaging interventions, which may offer important benefits in the clinical management of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0612"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-05eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0632
Ke Fang, Zhouyi Wang, Yezhong Tang, Xiaofei Guo, Xing Li, Wenbo Wang, Bing Liu, Zhendong Dai
{"title":"Dynamically Controlled Flight Altitudes in Robo-Pigeons via <i>Locus Coeruleus</i> Neurostimulation.","authors":"Ke Fang, Zhouyi Wang, Yezhong Tang, Xiaofei Guo, Xing Li, Wenbo Wang, Bing Liu, Zhendong Dai","doi":"10.34133/research.0632","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robo-pigeons, a novel class of hybrid robotic systems developed using brain-computer interface technology, hold marked promise for search and rescue missions due to their superior load-bearing capacity and sustained flight performance. However, current research remains largely confined to laboratory environments, and precise control of their flight behavior, especially flight altitude regulation, in a large-scale spatial range outdoors continues to pose a challenge. Herein, we focus on overcoming this limitation by using electrical stimulation of the <i>locus coeruleus</i> (LoC) nucleus to regulate outdoor flight altitude. We investigated the effects of varying stimulation parameters, including stimulation frequency (SF), interstimulus interval (ISI), and stimulation cycles (SC), on the flight altitude of robo-pigeons. The findings indicate that SF functions as a pivotal switch controlling the ascending and descending flight modes of the robo-pigeons. Specifically, 60 Hz stimulation effectively induced an average ascending flight of 12.241 m with an 87.72% success rate, while 80 Hz resulted in an average descending flight of 15.655 m with a 90.52% success rate. SF below 40 Hz did not affect flight altitude change, whereas over 100 Hz caused unstable flights. The number of SC was directly correlated with the magnitude of altitude change, enabling quantitative control of flight behavior. Importantly, electrical stimulation of the LoC nucleus had no significant effects on flight direction. This study is the first to establish that targeted variation of electrical stimulation parameters within the LoC nucleus can achieve precise altitude control in robo-pigeons, providing new insights for advancing the control of flight animal-robot systems in real-world applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0632"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting.","authors":"Chao-Fan He, Tian-Hong Qiao, Xu-Chao Ren, Mingjun Xie, Qing Gao, Chao-Qi Xie, Peng Wang, Yuan Sun, Huayong Yang, Yong He","doi":"10.34133/research.0613","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies, rendering it a highly promising technique in this field. However, achieving standardized, high-fidelity, and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge. The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research. Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials; rather, effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality. The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting. To bridge this critical gap, we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials. Building upon this, we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research, encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications. Furthermore, we clarified several critical issues, including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks, mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft-hard composite structures, the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks, liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures, and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing. This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting, holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0613"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ResearchPub Date : 2025-02-28eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.34133/research.0614
Chenxin Lu, Chunjian Li, Ning Gu, Fang Yang
{"title":"Emerging Elastic Micro-Nano Materials for Diagnosis and Treatment of Thrombosis.","authors":"Chenxin Lu, Chunjian Li, Ning Gu, Fang Yang","doi":"10.34133/research.0614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrombus is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel at the point of flaking. Thrombosis is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases caused by different sources and factors. However, the current clinical methods of thrombus diagnosis and treatment still have problems with targeting, permeability, stability, and biosafety. Therefore, in recent years, based on the development of micro/nano technology, researchers have tried to develop some new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis. Due to the unique structural characteristics, the micro-nano materials in physiological environments show excellent transport and delivery properties such as better in vivo circulation, longer life span, better targeting ability, and controllable cellular internalization. Especially, elasticity and stiffness are inherent mechanical properties of some well-designed micro-nano materials, which can make them better adapted to the needs of thrombosis diagnosis and treatment. Herein, this review first introduces the thrombotic microenvironment to characterize the thrombus development process. Then, to fine-tune the pathological occurrence and development of thrombosis, the role of elastic micro-nano materials for thrombus diagnosis and treatment is summarized. The properties, preparation methods, and biological fate of these materials have been discussed in detail. Following, the applications of elastic micro-nano materials in biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of thrombosis are highlighted. Last, the shortcomings and future design strategies of elastic micro-nano materials in diagnosis and treatment of clinical thrombosis are discussed. This review will provide new ideas for the use of nanotechnology in clinical diagnosis and treatment of thrombus in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0614"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}