Research最新文献_第4页

Protein Phosphatase 2A Promotes CD8⁺ T Cell Effector Function through the Augmentation of CD28 Costimulation. 蛋白磷酸酶2A通过增强CD28共刺激促进CD8+ T细胞效应功能。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2025-01-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0545

Kaixiang Zhu, Deepak Rohila, Yuanling Zhao, Dmytro Shytikov, Lize Wu, Fan Zhao, Shurong Hu, Qin Xu, Xuexiao Jin, Linrong Lu

{"title":"Protein Phosphatase 2A Promotes CD8+ T Cell Effector Function through the Augmentation of CD28 Costimulation.","authors":"Kaixiang Zhu, Deepak Rohila, Yuanling Zhao, Dmytro Shytikov, Lize Wu, Fan Zhao, Shurong Hu, Qin Xu, Xuexiao Jin, Linrong Lu","doi":"10.34133/research.0545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0545","url":null,"abstract":"Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant serine/threonine phosphatases and plays critical roles in regulating cell fate and function. We previously showed that PP2A regulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the development of thymocytes. Nevertheless, its role in CD8+ T cells remains elusive. By ablating the catalytic subunit α (Cα) of PP2A in CD8+ T cells, we revealed the essential role of PP2A in promoting the effector functions of CD8+ T cells. Notably, PP2A Cα-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and decreased cytokine production upon stimulation in vitro. In vivo, mice lacking PP2A Cα in T cells displayed defective immune responses against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, associated with reduced CD8+ T cell expansion and decreased cytokine production. Consistently, the ablation of the PP2A Cα subunit in CD8+ T cells results in attenuated antitumor activity in mice. There is a notable decrease in the infiltration of PP2A Cα-deficient CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment, and the cells that do infiltrate exhibit diminished effector functions. Mechanistically, PP2A Cα deficiency impedes CD28-induced AKT Ser473 phosphorylation, thus impairing CD8+ T cell costimulation signal. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of phosphatase PP2A as a propeller for CD28-mediated costimulation signaling in CD8+ T cell effector function by fine-tuning T cell activation.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"0545"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on Multi-Scale Toughening and Regulating Methods for Modern Concrete: From Toughening Theory to Practical Engineering Application. 现代混凝土多尺度增韧调节方法综述：从增韧理论到工程实际应用。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0518

Jinhui Tang, Chang Gao, Yi Li, Jie Xu, Jiale Huang, Disheng Xu, Zhangli Hu, Fangyu Han, Jiaping Liu

{"title":"A Review on Multi-Scale Toughening and Regulating Methods for Modern Concrete: From Toughening Theory to Practical Engineering Application.","authors":"Jinhui Tang, Chang Gao, Yi Li, Jie Xu, Jiale Huang, Disheng Xu, Zhangli Hu, Fangyu Han, Jiaping Liu","doi":"10.34133/research.0518","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0518","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is the most widely used and highest-volume basic material in the word today. Enhancing its toughness, including tensile strength and deformation resistance, can boost the structural load-bearing capacity, minimize cracking, and decrease the amount of concrete and steel required in engineering projects. These advancements are crucial for the safety, durability, energy efficiency, and emission reduction of structural engineering. This paper systematically summarized the brittle characteristics of concrete and the various structural factors influencing its performance at multiple scales, including molecular, nano-micro, and meso-macro levels. It outlines the principles and impacts of concrete toughening and crack prevention from both internal and external perspectives, and discusses recent advancements and engineering applications of toughened concrete. In situ polymerization and fiber reinforcement are currently practical and highly efficient methods for enhancing concrete toughness. These techniques can boost the matrix's flexural strength by 30% and double its fracture energy, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of up to 20 MPa and a tensile strain exceeding 0.6%. In the future, achieving breakthroughs in concrete toughening will probably rely heavily on the seamless integration and effective synergy of multi-scale toughening methods.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0518"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conformal Metamaterials with Active Tunability and Self-Adaptivity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 核磁共振成像中具有主动可调谐和自适应的共形超材料。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0560

Ke Wu, Xia Zhu, Xiaoguang Zhao, Stephan W Anderson, Xin Zhang

{"title":"Conformal Metamaterials with Active Tunability and Self-Adaptivity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Ke Wu, Xia Zhu, Xiaoguang Zhao, Stephan W Anderson, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.34133/research.0560","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0560","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials hold great potential to enhance the imaging performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as auxiliary devices, due to their unique ability to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields. Despite their promise, the current implementation of metamaterials faces obstacles for practical clinical adoption due to several notable limitations, including their bulky and rigid structures, deviations from optimal resonance frequency, and inevitable interference with the radiofrequency (RF) transmission field in MRI. Herein, we address these restrictions by introducing a flexible and smart metamaterial that enhances sensitivity by conforming to patient anatomies while ensuring comfort during MRI procedures. The proposed metamaterial selectively amplifies the magnetic field during the RF reception phase by passively sensing the excitation signal strength, remaining \"off\" during the RF transmission phase. Additionally, the metamaterial can be readily tuned to achieve a precise frequency match with the MRI system through a controlling circuit. The metamaterial presented here paves the way for the widespread utilization of metamaterials in clinical MRI, thereby translating this promising technology to the MRI bedside.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0560"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive Chemotactic Flasklike Colloidal Motors Propelled by Rotary F_oF₁-ATP Synthases. 旋转FoF1-ATP合酶驱动的正趋化瓶状胶体马达。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0566

Yue Li, Yingjie Wu, Qiang He

{"title":"Positive Chemotactic Flasklike Colloidal Motors Propelled by Rotary FoF1-ATP Synthases.","authors":"Yue Li, Yingjie Wu, Qiang He","doi":"10.34133/research.0566","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0566","url":null,"abstract":"Living microorganisms can perform directed migration for foraging in response to a chemoattractant gradient. We report a biomimetic strategy that rotary FoF1-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)-propelled flasklike colloidal motors exhibit positive chemotaxis resembling the chemotactic behavior of bacteria. The streamlined flasklike colloidal particles are fabricated through polymerization, expansion, surface rupture, and re-polymerizing nanoemulsions composed of triblock copolymers and ribose. The as-synthesized particles enable the incorporation of thylakoid vesicles into the cavity, ensuring a geometric asymmetric nanoarchitecture. The chemical gradient in the neck channel across flasklike colloidal motors facilitates autonomous movement at a speed of 1.19 μm/s in a ΔpH value of 4. Computer simulations reveal the self-actuated flasklike colloidal motors driven by self-diffusiophoretic force. These flasklike colloidal motors display positive directional motion along an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentration gradient during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The positive chemotaxis is ascribed that the phosphorylation reaction occurring inside colloidal motors generates 2 distinct phoretic torques at the bottom and the opening owing to the diffusion of ADP, thereby a continuous reorientation motion. Such a biophysical strategy that nanosized rotary protein molecular motors propel the directional movement of a flasklike colloidal motor holds promise for designing new types of biomedical swimming nanobots.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0566"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoelectrochemical High-Value-Added Chemical Production with Improved Selectivity. 提高选择性的光电化学高附加值化工生产。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0557

Yingzhe Li, Tao Chen, Yihuang Chen

引用次数: 0

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiate into Chondrocyte-Like Cells and Facilitate Meniscal Fibrocartilage Regeneration. 血管平滑肌细胞转分化为软骨细胞样细胞并促进半月板纤维软骨再生。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0555

Wenqiang Yan, Jin Cheng, Haoda Wu, Zeyuan Gao, Zong Li, Chenxi Cao, Qingyang Meng, Yue Wu, Shuang Ren, Fengyuan Zhao, Hongde Wang, Ping Liu, Jianquan Wang, Xiaoqing Hu, Yingfang Ao

{"title":"Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiate into Chondrocyte-Like Cells and Facilitate Meniscal Fibrocartilage Regeneration.","authors":"Wenqiang Yan, Jin Cheng, Haoda Wu, Zeyuan Gao, Zong Li, Chenxi Cao, Qingyang Meng, Yue Wu, Shuang Ren, Fengyuan Zhao, Hongde Wang, Ping Liu, Jianquan Wang, Xiaoqing Hu, Yingfang Ao","doi":"10.34133/research.0555","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0555","url":null,"abstract":"The effective and translational strategy to regenerate knee meniscal fibrocartilage remained challenging. Herein, we first identified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) transdifferentiated into fibrochondrocytes and participated in spontaneous meniscal regeneration using smooth muscle cell lineage tracing transgenic mice meniscal defect model. Then, we identified low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) acoustic stimulus enhanced fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LIPUS stimulus could up-regulate mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 expression and then activate the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signal, following repression of the Notch signal, consequently enhancing fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Finally, we demonstrated that the regular LIPUS stimulus enhanced anisotropic native-like meniscal fibrocartilage tissue regeneration in a beagle canine subtotal meniscectomy model at 6 months postoperatively. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirmed the role of VSMC fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation in meniscal regeneration.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0555"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Thermal Nonreciprocity Help Radiative Cooling? 热非互易性有助于辐射冷却吗？

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0563

Run Hu, Zihe Chen, Sun-Kyung Kim

引用次数: 0

Ly6G⁺ Neutrophils and Interleukin-17 Are Essential in Protection against Rodent Malaria Caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Ly6G+中性粒细胞和白细胞介素-17在预防伯氏疟原虫引起的啮齿动物疟疾中的作用

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0559

Ziwei Su, Qilong Li, Yiwei Zhang, Tong Liu, Kunying Lv, Anni Feng, Yixin Yang, Yanxin Zhang, Zhiming Wei, Xiaoyu Sang, Ying Feng, Ran Chen, Ning Jiang, Qijun Chen

{"title":"Ly6G+ Neutrophils and Interleukin-17 Are Essential in Protection against Rodent Malaria Caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA.","authors":"Ziwei Su, Qilong Li, Yiwei Zhang, Tong Liu, Kunying Lv, Anni Feng, Yixin Yang, Yanxin Zhang, Zhiming Wei, Xiaoyu Sang, Ying Feng, Ran Chen, Ning Jiang, Qijun Chen","doi":"10.34133/research.0559","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0559","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils are essential in combating invading pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites, but the participation of their subpopulations and mechanisms in resistance to parasite infection are not fully understood. Our study identified a marked increase in Ly6G+ neutrophils in response to P. berghei ANKA infection. Depletion of these cells rendered mice more susceptible to infection. Elevated interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, which increased the Ly6G+ neutrophil population, were also found to contribute to this protective effect. IL-17 depletion led to reduced neutrophil numbers and increased susceptibility. Furthermore, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) treatment enhanced neutrophil-mediated immune responses through up-regulation of CD18 and CXCR4 factors. These findings revealed key mechanisms of neutrophil and IL-17 interactions in malaria protection and highlighted DHA's potential to promote neutrophil function in combating malaria.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0559"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Dimensional MXenes: Innovative Materials for Efficient Thermal Management and Safety Solutions. 二维MXenes：高效热管理和安全解决方案的创新材料。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0542

XiaoYan Hu, Qi Fan, Shengchao Wang, Yanxin Chen, Degao Wang, Ke Chen, Fangfang Ge, Wenhu Zhou, Kun Liang

{"title":"Two-Dimensional MXenes: Innovative Materials for Efficient Thermal Management and Safety Solutions.","authors":"XiaoYan Hu, Qi Fan, Shengchao Wang, Yanxin Chen, Degao Wang, Ke Chen, Fangfang Ge, Wenhu Zhou, Kun Liang","doi":"10.34133/research.0542","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0542","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have garnered important attention due to their remarkable electrical and thermal conductivity, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and multifunctionality. This review explores the potential of MXene materials in various thermal applications, including thermal energy storage, heat dissipation in electronic devices, and the mitigation of electromagnetic interference in wearable technologies. Recent advancements in MXene composites, such as MXene/bacterial cellulose aerogel films and MXene/polymer composites, have demonstrated enhanced performance in phase change thermal storage and electromagnetic interference shielding, underscoring their versatility and effectiveness. Although notable progress has been made, challenges remain, including the need for a deeper understanding of photothermal conversion mechanisms, improvements in mechanical properties, exploration of diverse MXene types, and the development of sustainable synthesis methods. This paper discusses these aspects and outlines future research directions, emphasizing the growing importance of MXenes in addressing energy efficiency, health, and safety concerns in modern applications.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0542"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery of Staircase Chirality through the Design of Unnatural Amino Acid Derivatives. 通过设计非天然氨基酸衍生物发现阶梯手性。

IF 11 1区综合性期刊

Research Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.34133/research.0550

Anis U Rahman, Yu Wang, Ting Xu, Kambham Devendra Reddy, Shengzhou Jin, Jasmine X Yan, Qingkai Yuan, Daniel Unruh, Ruibin Liang, Guigen Li

{"title":"Discovery of Staircase Chirality through the Design of Unnatural Amino Acid Derivatives.","authors":"Anis U Rahman, Yu Wang, Ting Xu, Kambham Devendra Reddy, Shengzhou Jin, Jasmine X Yan, Qingkai Yuan, Daniel Unruh, Ruibin Liang, Guigen Li","doi":"10.34133/research.0550","DOIUrl":"10.34133/research.0550","url":null,"abstract":"Chirality has garnered significant attention in the scientific community since its discovery by Louis Pasteur over a century ago. It has been showing a profound impact on chemical, biomedical, and materials sciences. Significant progress has been made in controlling molecular chirality, as evidenced by the several Nobel Prizes in chemistry awarded in this area, particularly for advancements in the asymmetric catalytic synthesis of molecules with central and axial chirality. However, the exploration of new types of chirality has been largely stagnant for more than half a century, likely due to the complexity and challenges inherent in this field. In this work, we present the discovery of a novel type of chirality-staircase chirality as inspired by the design and synthesis of unnatural amino acid derivatives. The architecture of staircase chirality is characterized by 2 symmetrical phenyl rings anchored by a naphthyl pier, with the rings asymmetrically displaced due to the influence of chiral auxiliaries at their para positions. This unique staircase chiral framework has been thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic techniques, with its absolute configuration definitively confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. Remarkably, one of the staircase molecules exhibits 4 distinct types of chirality: central, orientational, turbo, and staircase chirality, a combination that has not been previously documented in the literature. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to analyze the relative energies of individual staircase isomers, and the results are in agreement with our experimental findings. We believe that this discovery will open up a new research frontier in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis, with the potential to make a substantial impact on the fields of chemistry, medicine, and materials science.","PeriodicalId":21120,"journal":{"name":"Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"0550"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0