Journal of Advanced Research最新文献

{"title":"miR-3606-3p alleviates skin fibrosis by integratively suppressing the integrin/FAK, p-AKT/p-ERK, and TGF-β signaling cascades","authors":"Yahui Chen, Yiyi Gong, Mengkun Shi, Haoxing Zhu, Yulong Tang, Delin Huang, Wei Wang, Chenyi Shi, Xueyi Xia, Ying Zhang, Jianlan Liu, Jia Huang, Mengguo Liu, Huyan Chen, Yanyun Ma, Ziyu Wang, Lei Wang, Wenzhen Tu, Yinhuan Zhao, Jinran Lin, Xiangguang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Fibroblast abnormalities are crucial causes of skin fibrosis, including systemic sclerosis (SSc) and keloids. However, their mechanisms, including underlying microRNA regulatory mechanisms, remain elusive.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study aimed to evaluate the roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of miR-3606-3p in regulating multiple fibroblast abnormalities.<h3>Methods</h3>The miR-3606-3p levels were evaluated in skin tissues and primary fibroblasts. RNA-seq and luciferase assays were employed to identify miR-3606-3p targets. Collagen contraction, western blotting, <em>in vivo</em> imaging, and real-time cellular analysis were used to assess fibroblast abnormalities. The therapeutic potential of miR-3606-3p was evaluated in mice.<h3>Results</h3>MiR-3606-3p decreased in skin tissues (SSc: Fold Change (FC) = − 2.95, P = 0.0101; keloid: FC = − 3.42, P &lt; 0.0001) and primary fibroblasts (SSc: FC = − 12.74, P = 0.0278; keloid: FC = − 2.08, P = 0.0021) from skin fibrosis patients, and negatively correlated with disease severity. Mechanistically, miR-3606-3p targeted the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of Integrin αV (<em>ITGAV</em>), GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (<em>GAB1</em>), and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (<em>TGFBR2</em>), all of these three targets increased in skin fibrosis. Simultaneously, miR-3606-3p inhibited fibroblast’s fibrogenesis, migration, inflammation, and proliferation by inhibiting ITGAV/integrin/FAK, GAB1/p-AKT/p-ERK, and TGFBR2/p-SMAD2/3 signaling. ITGAV-mediated integrin/FAK signaling unidirectionally activated the p-AKT/p-ERK and p-SMAD2/3 pathways. Knockdown of <em>GAB1</em> and <em>TGFRB2</em> reduced ITGAV-induced p-AKT/p-ERK and p-SMAD2/3 activities. MiR-3606-3p, <em>si-ITGAV</em>, <em>si-GAB1</em>, and <em>si-TGFBR2</em> exhibited significant inhibition of fibrogenesis and migration. Inflammation was primarily inhibited by si-ITGAV and si-GAB1, while proliferation was primarily inhibited by <em>si-TGFBR2</em>. Moreover<em>,</em> miR-3606-3p significantly attenuates skin fibrosis in keloid-bearing mice.<h3>Conclusions</h3>MiR-3606-3p is downregulated in skin fibrosis. Moreover, it negatively correlates with disease severity. Functionally, miR-3606-3p inhibits fibrogenesis, migration, inflammation, and proliferation of fibroblasts. Mechanistically, miR-3606-3p inhibits <em>ITGAV</em>, <em>GAB1</em>, and <em>TGFBR2</em> by targeting their 3′-UTRs. ITGAV-, GAB1-, and TGFBR2-activated integrin/AKT/ERK/SMAD2/3 signaling induced fibroblast abnormalities. In vivo, miR-3606-3p inhibits skin fibrosis in mice. Therefore, the multi-targeting, multi-phenotypic regulatory properties of miR-3606-3p suggest its potential utility in clinical treatment.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An accurate prediction for respiratory diseases using deep learning on bronchoscopy diagnosis images","authors":"Weiling Sun, Pengfei Yan, Minglei Li, Xiang Li, Yuchen Jiang, Hao Luo, Yanbin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Bronchoscopy is of great significance in diagnosing and treating respiratory illness. Using deep learning, a diagnostic system for bronchoscopy images can improve the accuracy of tracheal, bronchial, and pulmonary disease diagnoses for physicians and ensure timely pathological or etiological examinations for patients. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of the algorithms remains the key to this technology.<h3>Objectives</h3>To deal with the problem, we proposed a multiscale attention residual network (MARN) for diagnosing lung conditions through bronchoscopic images. The multiscale convolutional block attention module (MCBAM) was designed to enable accurate focus on lesion regions by enhancing spatial and channel features. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Map (Grad-CAM) was provided to increase the interpretability of diagnostic results.<h3>Methods</h3>We collected 615 cases from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, including 2900 images. The dataset was partitioned randomly into training sets, validation sets and test sets to update model parameters, evaluate the model’s training performance, select network architecture and parameters, and estimate the final model. In addition, we compared MARN with other algorithms. Furthermore, three physicians with different qualifications were invited to diagnose the same test images, and the results were compared to those of the model.<h3>Results</h3>In the dataset of normal and lesion images, our model displayed an accuracy of 97.76% and an AUC of 99.79%. The model recorded 92.26% accuracy and 96.82% AUC for datasets of benign and malignant lesion images, while it achieved 93.10% accuracy and 99.02% AUC for normal, benign, and malignant lesion images.<h3>Conclusion</h3><!-- -->These results demonstrated that our network outperforms other methods in diagnostic performance. The accuracy of our model is roughly the same as that of experienced physicians and the efficiency is much higher than doctors. MARN has great potential for assisting physicians with assessing the bronchoscopic images precisely.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteroides uniformis ameliorates pro-inflammatory diet-exacerbated colitis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ferroptosis","authors":"Caiguang Liu, Linxin Liu, Zhenyi Tian, Shukai Zhan, Yun Qiu, Manying Li, Tong Li, Ren Mao, Shenghong Zhang, Minhu Chen, Zhirong Zeng, Xiaojun Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>A pro-inflammatory diet is positively associated with the risk and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, ferroptosis has been observed in patients with different dietary patterns-associated intestinal inflammation, while the mechanisms underlying the effects of a pro-inflammatory diet and whether it mediates ferroptosis are unknown.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying pro-inflammatory diet-mediated colitis and explore potential intervention strategies.<h3>Methods</h3>Mice were fed a dietary inflammatory index-based pro-inflammatory diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, colitis was chemically induced using 2.5 % dextran sulfate sodium. The body weight, pathological score, immune response and mucosal barrier function were evaluated to assess intestinal inflammation. Intestine tissue transcriptomics, fecal microbiome analysis and serum metabolomics were applied to identify diet–microbe–host interactions. Additionally, the dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and intestinal specimens of 32 patients with Crohn’s disease were evaluated. The biological functions of <em>Bacteroides uniformis</em> were observed <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.<h3>Results</h3>Pro-inflammatory diet induces low-grade intestinal inflammation in mice and exacerbates colitis by activating glutathione peroxidase 4-associated ferroptosis in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway. These effects are reversed by ferrostatin-1 treatment. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory diet triggers colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites. Notably, supplementation with <em>B. uniformis</em> improves the pro-inflammatory diet-aggravated colitis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ferroptosis. Moreover, <em>B. uniformis</em> is non-enterotoxigenic and non-enteroinvasive in co-cultures with intestinal epithelial cells.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Pro-inflammatory diet drives colitis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ferroptosis, possibly in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory diet restriction and microbial-based therapies may be effective strategies for preventing and treating IBD.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-10 deficiency suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis by enriching gut Parabacteroides distasonis","authors":"Jing Yu, Lili Feng, Zhanhao Luo, Jingyi Yang, Qiang Zhang, Chen Liu, Dayi Liang, Yanchun Xie, Hongmin Li, Junli Gong, Zhen He, Ping Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>The intricate interplay of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gut microbiota influences tumor development and progression, yet the impacts on colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remain incompletely understood.<h3>Methods</h3>The impact of <em>Il10</em> deficiency on CRC metastasis was first evaluated in CRC metastasis tumor samples and mouse model. Antibiotic sterilization and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment were used to assess the role of gut microbiota in IL-10 mediated CRC metastasis, and full-length 16S rDNA sequencing analysis further identified the potential target bacteria influencing CRC metastasis. The inhibitory effect of <em>Parabacteroides distasonis</em> (<em>P. distasonis</em>) on CRC metastasis was evaluated by oral administration in mice. Key metabolites involved in <em>P. distasonis</em> inhibition of CRC metastasis was identified by widely-targeted metabolome analysis and validated both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. The underlying mechanisms of P-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4-HPAA) inhibiting CRC metastasis was investigated via RNA-sequencing and validated in cellular experiments.<h3>Results</h3>We revealed that serum IL-10 levels were markedly elevated in metastatic CRC patients compared to non-metastatic cases. In parallel, <em>Il10</em>-deficiency (<em>Il10^−/</em>) in mice resulted in decreased CRC metastasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Mechanistically, <em>Il10^−/−</em> mice reshaped gut microbiota composition, notably enriching <em>P. distasonis</em>. The enriched <em>P. distasonis</em> produced 4-HPAA, which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and subsequently inhibited the expression of <em>VEGFA</em>, a typical oncogene, thereby sequentially suppressing CRC metastasis. Importantly, engineered bacteria capable of producing 4-HPAA effectively hindered CRC metastasis. Furthermore, AHR depletion significantly disrupted the 4-HPAA-induced reduction in CRC cell migration and the inhibition of metastasis in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> lung metastasis mouse models.<h3>Conclusions</h3>These findings demonstrate the significance of IL-10 deficiency in suppressing CRC metastasis through the 4-HPPA-AHR-<em>VEGFA</em> axis mediated by gut <em>P. distasonis</em>, suggesting that <em>P. distasonis</em> or 4-HPAA supplementation could offer a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC metastasis prevention.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"9 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adhesion conductive cardiac patch based on methoxytriethylene glycol-functionalized graphene effectively improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction","authors":"Xu Wang, Hao Wang, Xin Liu, Yuan Zhang, Jiamin Li, Heng Liu, Jing Feng, Wenqian Jiang, Ling Liu, Yongchao Chen, Xiaohan Li, Limin Zhao, Jing Guan, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Abnormal electrical activity of the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) may lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Graphene-based conductive hydrogels can simulate the microenvironment of myocardial tissue and improve cardiac function post-MI. However, existing methods for preparing graphene and its derivatives suffer from drawbacks such as low purity, complex processes, and unclear structures, which limiting their biological applications.<h3>Objectives</h3>We propose an optimized synthetic route for synthesizing methoxytriethylene glycol-functionalized graphene (TEG-GR) with a defined structure. The aim of this study was to establish a novel self-adhesion conductive cardiac patch based on TEG-GR for protecting cardiac function after MI.<h3>Methods</h3>We optimized π-extension polymerization (APEX) reaction to synthesize TEG-GR. TEG-GR was incorporated into dopamine-modified gelatin (GelDA) to construct conductive cardiac patch (TEG-GR/GelDA). We validated the function of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch in rat models of MI, and explored the mechanism of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch by RNA sequencing and molecular biology experiments.<h3>Results</h3>Methoxytriethylene glycol side chain endows graphene with high electrical conductivity, low immunogenicity, and superior biological properties. In rats, transplantation of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch onto the infarcted area of heart can more effectively enhance ejection fraction, attenuate collagen deposition, shorten QRS interval and increase vessel density at 28 days post-treatment, compared to non-conductive cardiac patch. Transcriptome analysis indicates that TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch can improve cardiac function by maintaining gap junction, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing cardiomyocytes apoptosis.<h3>Conclusion</h3>The precision synthesis of polymer with defined functional group expands the application of graphene in biomedical field, and the novel cardiac patch can be a promising candidate for treating MI.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaempferol regulating macrophage foaming and atherosclerosis through piezo1-mediated MAPK/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway","authors":"Tianjiao Chu, Yuman Wang, Shihao Wang, Jinze Li, Zheng Li, Zihao Wei, Jing Li, Yifei Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Antioxidants represented by kaempferol have been shown to be effective against atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear.<h3>Objectives</h3>The aim of this research was to reveal the mechanism of kaempferol regarding the treatment of AS and accumulation of foam cell.<h3>Methods</h3>We explored the contribution of kaempferol to the levels of inflammatory factors, scavenger receptor CD36, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, MAPK/NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, Ca²⁺ and Piezo1 levels in RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL. In addition, to explore whether kaempferol inhibits ox-LDL-induced foamy macrophage through Piezo1, we extracted macrophages from Piezo1 macrophage-specific knockout (<em>Piezo1</em>^Δ<em>^LysM</em>) mice. For further validation, <em>ApoE^-/-</em> and Piezo1 macrophage-specific knockout mice (<em>Piezo1</em>^Δ<em>^LysM/ ApoE^-/-</em>) were generated.<h3>Results</h3>The results showed that kaempferol notably suppressed inflammatory response, CD36 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential elevation, ROS production, MAPK/NF-κB expression, Ca²⁺ expression, and increased Nrf2/HO-1 levels in RAW264.7. In addition, depletion of macrophage Piezo1 also effectively reduced lipid droplet deposition, inflammatory factor expression, oxidative damage, MAPK/NF-κB, Ca²⁺ expression, and increased Nrf2/HO-1 expression in mouse BMDMs, and the results were still consistent after kaempferol treatment. In vivo studies have shown that kaempferol significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, the beneficial effect of kaempferol was attenuated in Piezo1 depletion mice.<h3>Conclusions</h3>These results collectively provide compelling evidence that kaempferol regulates CD36-mediated mitochondrial ROS production by inhibiting the Piezo1 channels and Ca²⁺ influx, and then regulates the downstream pathways of NF-κB/MAPK and HO-1/Nrf2, inhibiting to the formation of foam cells. In conclusion, this study revealed a potential mechanism by which the natural antioxidant kaempferol prevents foamy macrophage.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycyrrhiza, a commonly used medicinal herb: Review of species classification, pharmacology, active ingredient biosynthesis, and synthetic biology","authors":"Liwei Wu, Tingyu Ma, Chenxi Zang, Zhichao Xu, Wei Sun, Hongmei Luo, Meihua Yang, Jingyuan Song, Shilin Chen, Hui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Licorice is extensively and globally utilized as a medicinal herb and is one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines with valuable pharmacological effects. Its therapeutic components primarily reside within its roots and rhizomes, classifying it as a tonifying herb. As more active ingredients in licorice are unearthed and characterized, licorice germplasm resources are gaining more and more recognition. However, due to the excessive exploitation of wild licorice resources, the degrading germplasm reserves fail to meet the requirements of chemical extraction and clinical application.<h3>Aim of Review</h3>This article presents a comprehensive review of the classification and phylogenetic relationships of species in genus <em>Glycyrrhiza</em>, types of active components and their pharmacological activities, licorice omics, biosynthetic pathways of active compounds in licorice, and metabolic engineering. It aims to offer a unique and comprehensive perspective on <em>Glycyrrhiza</em>, integrating knowledge from diverse fields to offer a comprehensive understanding of this genus. It will serve as a valuable resource and provide a solid foundation for future research and development in the molecular breeding and synthetic biology fields of <em>Glycyrrhiza</em>.<h3>Key Scientific Concepts of Review</h3>Licorice has an abundance of active constituents, primarily triterpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Modern pharmacological research unveiled its multifaceted effects encompassing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. Many resources of <em>Glycyrrhiza</em> species remain largely untapped, and multiomic studies of the <em>Glycyrrhiza</em> lineage are expected to facilitate new discoveries in the fields of medicine and human health. Therefore, strategies for breeding high-yield licorice plants and developing effective biosynthesis methods for bioactive compounds will provide valuable insights into resource conservation and drug development. Metabolic engineering and microorganism-based green production provide alternative strategies to improve the production efficiency of natural products.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention Over Vulnerable Brain Regions Associating Cerebral Palsy Disorder and Biological Markers","authors":"Muhammad Hassan, Jieqong Lin, Ahmed Ameen Fateh, Wei Pang, Luning Zhang, Wang Di, Guojun Yun, Hongwu Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<h3><strong>Introduction</strong>:</h3>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder caused by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia during fetal brain development. Early intervention in CP favors medications and therapy; however, detecting early brain development with CP is critical. It is inevitable to thoroughly examine brain-vulnerable regions associated with biological traits (BTs). Variations in BTs were evident in children with CP; however, it is critical to explore the BTs’ impact on the brains of health controls (HC) and CP-disordered children.<h3><strong>Objective</strong>:</h3>This study associates BTs with HC and CP children. This study investigates the neurodevelopment of HC and CP underlying BTs. This study establishes a benchmark of BT’s association and HC and CP children.<h3><strong>Method</strong>:</h3>The introduced AWG-Net is composed of customized spatial-channel (CSC) and multi-head self (MHA) attentions, where CSC blocks are incorporated at the first few stages, MAH at later stages, and cumulative-dense structures to propagate susceptible regions to deeper layers. The training samples include T1-w, T2-w, Flair, and Sag, annotated with age, gender, and weight.<h3><strong>Results</strong>:</h3>The significant results for HC and CP are Age (HC: MAE=1.05, MCS₁₀=85.63, R₂=0.844; CP: MAE=1.16, MCS₁₀=84.79, R₂=0.717), gender (HC: Acc=82.98%, CP: Acc= 82.00%), and weight (HC: MAE=4.65, MCS₁₀=56.30, R₂=0.78; CP: MAE=2.85, MCS₁₀=70.24, R₂=0.82). Vulnerable regions for age are the cerebellar hemisphere, frontal, occipital, and parietal bones in OC and inconsistent in CP. HC and OP commonalities are in the frontal bone and cerebellar hemisphere with HC and discrepant in the occipital and temporal bones for CP. Similarly, gender differences are found for HC and CP.<h3><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</h3>Age and gender are marginally less affected by the brain regions vulnerable to CP than weight estimation. T1-w is appropriate for age, weight, and gender. The learned trends are different for HC and CP in brain development and gender while slightly different in the case of weight.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Deep Learning for Histopathology Image Classification Using Supervised Contrastive Learning","authors":"Md Mamunur Rahaman, Ewan K.A. Millar, Erik Meijering","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3><strong>Introduction:</strong></h3>Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating effective diagnostic tools for early detection and treatment. Histopathological image analysis is crucial for cancer diagnosis but is often hindered by human error and variability. This study introduces HistopathAI, a hybrid network designed for histopathology image classification, aimed at enhancing diagnostic precision and efficiency in clinical pathology.<h3><strong>Objectives:</strong></h3>The primary goal of this study is to demonstrate that HistopathAI, leveraging supervised contrastive learning (SCL) and hybrid deep feature fusion (HDFF), can significantly improve the accuracy of histopathological image classification, including scenarios involving imbalanced datasets.<h3><strong>Methods:</strong></h3>HistopathAI integrates features from EfficientNetB3 and ResNet50, using HDFF to provide a rich representation of histopathology images. The framework employs a sequential methodology, transitioning from feature learning to classifier learning, mirroring the essence of contrastive learning with the aim of producing superior feature representations. The model combines SCL for feature representation with cross-entropy (CE) loss for classification. We evaluated HistopathAI across seven publicly available datasets and one private dataset, covering various histopathology domains.<h3><strong>Results:</strong></h3>HistopathAI achieved state-of-the-art classification accuracy across all datasets, demonstrating superior performance in both binary and multiclass classification tasks. Statistical testing confirmed that HistopathAI’s performance is significantly better than baseline models, ensuring robust and reliable improvements.<h3><strong>Conclusion:</strong></h3>HistopathAI offers a robust tool for histopathology image classification, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and supporting the transition to digital pathology. This framework has the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and patient outcomes, paving the way for broader clinical application. The code is available from GitHub<!-- --> <!-- -->footnote<span><span>https://github.com/placeholder-link</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>..","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient discrete Chebyshev polynomials strategy for tempered time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger problems","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Heydari, Dumitru Baleanu","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;An interesting type of fractional derivatives that has received widespread attention in recent years is the tempered fractional derivatives. These fractional derivatives are a generalization of the well-known fractional derivatives, such as Caputo and Riemann-Liouville. In fact, these derivatives are obtained by multiplying the expressed fractional derivatives by an exponential factor. These fractional derivatives have an additional parameter called &lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x3BB;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.971ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 583.5 848.5\" width=\"1.355ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-3BB\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt; such that in the case of &lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x3BB;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.971ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 2418.1 848.5\" width=\"5.616ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-3BB\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(861,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-3D\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1917,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, the classical Caputo or Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is obtained.&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Employing the Caputo tempered fractional derivative to define time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a coupled system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Applying the orthonormal discrete Chebyshev polynomials (ODCPs) to solve these problems. For t","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}