Journal of Advanced Research最新文献

{"title":"Selective Regulation of ray tissue for achieving ultrastable Zero-Poisson’s-ratio material out of wood","authors":"Xia Yu, Xinyi Zhou, Tong Wu, Bohua Ren, Tao Fang, Chaonan Cong, Guofang Wu, Lihong Yao, Xiaoding Wei, Bo Liu, Yun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Materials exhibiting a Poisson’s ratio of zero have attracted considerable interest due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including aerospace, athletic footwear, and sporting equipment. However, the high costs associated with their structural fabrication and the dependence on synthetic chemical materials for most zero Poisson’s ratio materials complicate the preparation processes of current elastic materials, resulting in negative environmental impacts.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study presents a sustainable treatment strategy that utilizes the inherent cellular structure of wood to achieve a zero Poisson’s ratio, thereby enhancing its elasticity.<h3>Methods</h3>By strategically selecting tree species with varying tissue compositions and employing simple chemical and heat treatments, we developed a commercially viable elastic wood material with a zero Poisson’s ratio that meets diverse stress rebound requirements.<h3>Results</h3>The unique internal structure of the wood not only provides high fatigue resistance—capable of withstanding 5000 cycles of compression at a strain of 40 %—but also ensures excellent resilience and processability. At a deformation level of 60 %, the elastic modulus reaches 90.9 MPa. Additionally, the material retains its elasticity even at extremely low temperatures of −196 °C and demonstrates the ability to endure elevated temperatures following carbonization at 1200 °C.<h3>Conclusion</h3>This study demonstrates that wood-based materials with a zero Poisson’s ratio exhibit remarkable stability after cyclic compression, presenting a viable pathway for developing superelastic materials suitable for both high- and low-temperature applications.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in statin adverse reactions and the potential mechanisms: A review","authors":"Weiwei Zeng, Huan Deng, Yuning Luo, Shilong Zhong, Min Huang, Brian Tomlinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Statins are the cornerstone of preventing and treating cardiovascular disease and can reduce LDL cholesterol by more than 60%. Although statins have high tolerability and safety, as the number of users increases, their adverse reactions in the liver, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and their potential to induce diabetes have also received widespread attention.Aim <strong>of review:</strong> How to maximize the lipid-lowering effect of statins, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, promote the rational application of statins in the clinic, and improve the risk–benefit level, in order to benefit more cardiovascular patients and provide reference for the related basic research of statins.<strong>Key scientific concepts of review:</strong> This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations of statin-related adverse reactions (associated myopathy, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, glycemic effects, central nervous system, hemorrhagic stroke, etc.), risk factors for triggering adverse reactions, statin interactions with other drugs (food), potential etiopathological mechanisms and common interventions in the clinic. Genetic diversity is strongly associated with statin adverse effects, and thus, in the future genetic testing may also be key to mitigating statin adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural small molecule hinokitone mitigates NASH fibrosis by targeting regulation of FXR-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis","authors":"Ze-Jiang Ma, Ying-Kun Qiu, Zhe-Wei Yu, Tian-Tian Song, Yi-Tong Hu, An-Kang Peng, Rong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Liver fibrosis is the common fate of NASH and poses a major health threat with very limited pharmacological treatments.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of hinokitone (HO), an isolated compound from <em>Agathis dammara</em>, on NASH fibrosis and its underlying mechanism.<h3>Methods</h3>To investigate the effect of HO on NASH fibrosis, C57BL/6 mice were either fed a high-fat diet (HFD) in conjunction with intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄ for 8 weeks or single CCl₄ for 14 days to establish mouse liver fibrosis model, and HO was administered by gavage simultaneously. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, HepG2 cells were stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) or tumor necrosis factor α plus actinomycin-D (Act-D + TNFα) to induce hepatocyte apoptosis model. Furthermore, hepatocyte Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) specifically knocked out mice were established by the albumin-Cre-loxP recombination enzyme system to ascertain the role of FXR in the anti-NASH fibrosis effects of HO.<h3>Results</h3>The results showed that HO presented dose-dependent anti-liver fibrosis efficacy in NASH mice induced by HFD + CCl₄ and CCl₄-induced mouse liver fibrosis. Cellularly, HO significantly inhibited PA-induced lipotoxic apoptosis and Act-D + TNFα-induced exogenous apoptosis in hepatocytes, which in turn prevented HSC activation. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis and surface plasmon resonance assay had identified hepatocyte FXR as a target of HO. Specifically, HO directly bound to FXR and upregulated its protein level by inhibiting proteasomal degradation. In turn, HO attenuated hepatocyte lipid deposition through upregulating the FXR’s downstream target genes <em>SHP</em> and <em>CES1</em>, and reduced cleaved-CASP8 level, thereby inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, HO lost its function in the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis when knockout hepatocyte FXR.<h3>Conclusion</h3>In conclusion, HO has an inhibitory effect on NASH fibrosis. This effect is mediated by targeting upregulation of hepatocyte FXR, which in turn attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis and thus indirectly inhibits the activation of HSCs.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 identified in aged dental pulp by single-cell RNA sequencing","authors":"Zhongchun Tong, Jie Wu, Qimei Gong, Yifang Yuan, Shengchao Wang, Wenkai Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Aging influences the regenerative and reparative functions of dental pulp, and an in-depth and complete understanding of aged dental pulp is highly important.<h3>Objective</h3>This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of young and aged dental pulp tissue via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), search novel markers of aged dental pulp, and further explore their mechanism.<h3>Methods</h3>ScRNA-seq was employed to analyze the heterogeneity of young and aged dental pulp tissue, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect new marker Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7) in aged dental pulp. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between young and aged dental pulp tissue related with senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were validated in aging model of H₂O₂-induced dental pulp fibroblast (DPF). The effect of IGFBP7 on cellular senescence were validated by SA-β-Gal, γ-H2AX, and F-actin cytoskeletal staining. RNA-seq was used to analyze the mechanism of IGFBP7 alleviating senescence of H₂O₂-induced DPFs.<h3>Results</h3>A total of 32,012 cells were sequenced from 8 dental pulp samples and categorized into 8 main clusters, including fibroblasts (FB), endothelial cells, monocytes, T cells, B cells, mesenchymal stem cells, Schwann cells, and nonmyelinating ScCs. The ratio of fibroblasts was the highest, and FB1 was the largest subcluster of fibroblasts in the young group. In aged dental pulp, the ratio of fibroblasts was relatively low, and fibroblasts had more cellular communication with other cell types in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signal pathways. IGFBP7 was significantly upregulated in the aged group. Recombinant IGFBP7 reduced the senescence of H₂O₂-induced DPFs.<h3>Conclusions</h3>These findings offer insights into the mechanisms of dental pulp aging and enhance our understanding of dental pulp at the single-cell level. Further comprehensive studies are required to clarify the exact mechanisms through which IGFBP7 influences dental pulp aging.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean nodulation shapes the rhizosphere microbiome to increase rapeseed yield","authors":"Yu Liu, Qin Han, Jiaming Zhang, Xuehai Zhang, Yuqin Chen, Mingbo Li, Yongfang Hao, Yujie Hong, Ruizhen Tang, Brett J. Ferguson, Peter M. Gresshoff, Jie Kuai, Guangsheng Zhou, Xia Li, Hongtao Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.034","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Crop rotation, a crucial agricultural practice that enhances soil health and crop productivity, is widely used in agriculture worldwide. Soybeans play a crucial role in crop rotation owing to their nitrogen-fixing ability, which is facilitated by symbiotic bacteria in their root systems. The soybean-rapeseed rotation is an effective agricultural practice in the Yangtze River Basin of China. However, the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this system remains unknown.<h3>Objectives</h3>The aim of this study was to decipher the mechanisms by which previous soybean cultivation enhances the growth of subsequent rapeseed.<h3>Methods</h3>Soybeans with three distinct nodulation genotypes were rotated with rapeseed, and the impact of previous soybean cultivation on subsequent rapeseed growth was evaluated by examining the soybean root secretome and soil rhizosphere microbiome.<h3>Results</h3>Soybean-rapeseed rotation significantly enhanced subsequent rapeseed growth and yield, especially when supernodulating soybean plants were used, which released the most nitrogen into the soil rhizosphere. The differences in soybean nodulation capability led to variations in root exudation, which in turn influenced the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Notably, the supernodulating soybean plants promoted <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em> family of bacteria growth by secreting oleic acid and <em>cis</em>-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and further attracted them through <em>cis</em>-4-hydroxy-D-proline. Furthermore, the exogenous application of <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em> bacteria, either alone or in combination with rhizobia, significantly enhanced the growth of rapeseed.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Our data definitively demonstrated the crucial role of previous soybean cultivation in enhancing the yield of rapeseed, with the assistance of <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em> bacteria and rhizobia. This study elucidates the role of soybean nodulation in rhizosphere bacterial dynamics, highlighting its importance in sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-friendly multi-stimuli responsive α-CD polymer-gated mesoporous carbon nanoherbicides for enhanced paraquat delivery","authors":"Jiangtao Dong, Guoquan Wang, Xiaona Li, Anhui Han, Wanpeng Zhang, Yuhang Yue, Yue Yang, Yishan Wang, Bowen Yuan, Jiahui Wang, Yuhui Peng, Runqiang Liu, Si Chen, Xuezhong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Weeds seriously affect crop yield in global agricultural production. Paraquat (PQ), as one of low cost and highly effective herbicide, is forbidden or severely restricted in production and sales owing to its lethal toxicity to humans. Creating an efficient and bio-friendly PQ formulation is crucial to facilitate the open use of PQ in world’s agriculture.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study aims to construct one intelligent and bio-friendly mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) nanoherbicides coated with α-CD polymer (CDP) gatekeepers.<h3>Methods</h3>MCN was prepared through the low-concentration hydrothermal way, calcined and carbonized. PEG stalks were immobilized on MCN surface by amidation reaction. The PQ was trapped in the MCN pores via physical diffusion adsorption and the robust π–π effects between electron-deficient PQ and electron-rich MCN. CDP gatekeepers were fastened via host–guest effects between the chamber of α-CD units and PEG stalks.<h3>Results</h3>The PQ-loaded MCN-PEG@CDP nanoherbicides integrated with multi-stimuli responses to amylase, elevated temperature under sunlight, and competitors at leaf interface to control the PQ release for efficient weed control, while appeared low PQ leakage under the simulated human gastric or intestinal conditions, low cytotoxicity to human normal cells <em>in vitro</em>, and high mouse survival rate <em>in vivo</em>. Even through the nanoherbicides inevitably contact with water or intake by beneficial insects, they appear good biosafety on zebrafish (<em>D. rerio</em>) and honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera L</em>.).<h3>Conclusion</h3>The as-prepared nanoherbicides have high herbicidal efficacy and low risks to non-target species, and could promote the open use of PQ in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage P2Y12 regulates iron transport and its inhibition protects against atherosclerosis","authors":"Yang-Xi Hu, Hong-Min You, Mei-Rong Bai, Wen-Heng Yue, Fang-Fang Li, Bo-Wen Hu, Ya-Sha Chen, Xiang-Yu Shen, Yue Wu, Jia-Mei Wang, Zhi-Qing He, Xia Tao, Qing Jing, Chun Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Iron retention is commonly observed in atherosclerotic plaques and is believed to be detrimental to atherosclerosis. Platelet P2Y12 is a target of antiplatelet therapy in preventing thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. The protective effect of P2Y12 on hematopoiesis reported by our previous work implies the involvement of P2Y12 in iron metabolism.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study further investigated the role of P2Y12 in the iron metabolism of macrophages, the key player in systemic iron homeostasis and atherosclerosis.<h3>Methods</h3>The association between serum iron and the use of P2Y12 inhibitors was evaluated by a case-control study in human. Secondary iron overload and atherosclerosis animal models were established in <em>P2Y12</em>-deficient zebrafish to explore the role of P2Y12 in macrophage iron metabolism <em>in vivo</em>. Both iron-overloaded murine primary peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and ox-LDL–treated PMs with <em>P2Y12</em> knockdown were used for <em>in vitro</em> studies. RNA sequencing and pharmacological approaches were performed to investigate the downstream mechanisms.<h3>Results</h3>Increased serum iron level was positively associated with P2Y12 inhibitor usage [odds ratio (OR) = 10.333 (1.281–83.370)]. Elevated serum iron level and transferrin saturation, reduced hepatic and splenic iron content, and decreased iron staining in macrophages were observed in secondary iron overload <em>P2Y12</em>-deficient zebrafish. Deficiency of <em>P2Y12</em> in <em>ApoEb^-/-</em> zebrafish fed a high-fat diet reduced atherosclerosis progression and intraplaque iron retention. Furthermore, reduced ferritin, restored cell viability and expression of ferroptosis marker proteins, and decreased ROS formation and inflammatory cytokines were observed in both iron-overloaded and ox-LDL–treated PMs with <em>P2Y12</em> knockdown <em>in vitro</em>, while reversed phenotypes were observed after agonist-induced P2Y12 activation. Mechanistically, <em>P2Y12</em> inhibition in iron-overloaded or ox-LDL–treated PMs suppressed NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and hepcidin expression, both of which were reversed by P2Y12 activation.<h3>Conclusion</h3>P2Y12 inhibition decreased hepcidin autocrine through repressing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in macrophages, preventing intracellular iron retention and atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD34+CLDN5+ tumor associated senescent endothelial cells through IGF2-IGF2R signaling increased cholangiocellular phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Xin-yu Zhu, Wen-ting Liu, Xiao-juan Hou, Chen Zong, Wei Yua, Zhe-min Shen, Shu-ping Qu, Min Tao, Meng-meng Xue, Dao-yu Zhou, Hao-ran Bai, Lu Gao, Jing-hua Jiang, Qiu-dong Zhao, Li-xin Wei, Xue Yang, Zhi-peng Han, Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>The heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to tumor malignancy and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of the cholangiocellular phenotype (CCA) within HCC remain unclear. Emerging studies support that the cross-talk among the host cells within tumor microenvironment (TME) sustains the cancer cell plasticity.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study sought to identify the specific cell types involved in the formation of CCA and to elucidate their functional roles in the progression of HCC.<h3>Methods</h3><strong>S</strong>ingle-cell RNA sequencing was employed to identify the specific cell types involved in the formation of CCA. Both in vitro and vivo analyses were used to identify the tumor-associated senescent ECs and investigate the function in TME. The diethylnitrosamine-induced model was utilized to investigate the interaction between senescent ECs and MSCs, aiming to elucidate their synergistic contributions to the progression of CCA.<h3>Results</h3>Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a distinct senescent-associated subset of endothelial cells (ECs), namely CD34⁺CLDN5⁺ ECs, which mainly enriched in tumor tissue. Further, the senescent ECs were observed to secrete IGF2, which recruited mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the TME through IGF2R/MAPK signaling. In primary liver cancer model, MSCs exhibited a strong tumor-promoting effect, increasing the CCA and tumor malignancy after HCC formation. Interestingly, knockdown of IGF2R expression in MSCs inhibited the increase of CCA caused by MSCs in HCC. Meanwhile, it was revealed that MSCs released multiple inflammatory and trophic-related cytokines to enhance the cancer stem cell-like characteristics in HCC cells. Finally, we demonstrated that CEBPβ up-regulated IGF2 expression in tumor senescent ECs by combining with <em>Igf2</em>-promtor-sequence.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Together, our findings illustrated that tumor associated senescent ECs in HCC recruited the MSCs into TME, enhancing cancer stem cell (CSC)-like features of HCC cells and contributing to the CCA formation.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of remnant cholesterol inflammatory index for stroke risk: Evidence from the China health and Retirement Longitudinal study","authors":"Jiaying Chen, Qiheng Wu, Haotian Liu, Weike Hu, JiaJia Zhu, Zhong Ji, Jia Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Remnant cholesterol (RC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are established stroke risk factors, but their joint impact remains unclear.<h3>Objectives</h3>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the remnant cholesterol inflammatory index (RCII), a novel index integrating RC and hs-CRP, in assessing stroke risk.<h3>Methods</h3>We analyzed 9,898 participants aged 45 years or older, with no history of stroke at baseline, from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). RCII was calculated using the formula: RCII = RC (mg/dL) × hs-CRP(mg/L)/10. A subset of 5,704 participants was studied to investigate the relationship between cumulative RCII exposure and stroke incidence. The associations of both baseline and cumulative RCII with stroke risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model.<h3>Results</h3>During a median 7-year follow-up, 560 participants (5.7 %) experienced an incident stroke. Stroke incidence escalated with increasing RCII quartiles, from 3.5 % (Q1) to 7.6 % (Q4). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, each standard deviation increase in RCII was significantly associated with a 10.6 % increased risk of stroke (HR = 1.106, 95 % CI: 1.048–1.167). ROC analysis revealed that RCII had the highest AUC at 0.581, higher than RC (0.566) and hs-CRP (0.560), though the difference with RC was not statistically significant (P = 0.166). Mediation analysis indicated a reciprocal mediation between RC and hs-CRP on stroke risk. In a 3-year subset analysis, 288 participants suffered a stroke. Participants with cumulative RCII levels exceeding 36.14 had a significantly increased risk of incident stroke (HR = 1.462, 95 % CI: 1.102–1.939). Subgroup analyses showed a significant positive association between elevated RCII levels and stroke risk in males, but not in females.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Elevated levels of RCII, both at baseline and cumulative, are significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke. Early intervention in patients with high RCII may further help reduce stroke risk.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving grain yield and salt tolerance by optimizing plant height with beneficial haplotypes in rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"Ruidang Quan, Juan Wang, Hua Qin, Liang Chen, Dinglin Xiao, Zihan Zhao, Zhanying Zhang, Xiaoyang Zhu, Zichao Li, Rongfeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.), a staple food for billions worldwide, is challenged by salt stress. Owing to the limited understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of rice salt tolerance, few genes have been identified as valuable in rice breeding, causing a major bottleneck in the development of high-yield, salt-tolerant rice varieties.<h3>Objective</h3>This study aims to identify salt tolerance genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with breeding potential in rice.<h3>Methods</h3>Field trials were conducted with 166 Chinese rice cultivars from saline-affected regions and 412 global rice accessions to assess salt tolerance. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify key loci related to high yield and salt tolerance. Additionally, the impact of introducing beneficial haplotypes on grain yield and salt tolerance was assessed.<h3>Results</h3>The optimal rice plant height of 100–120 cm was crucial for sustaining high yield under both normal and salt stress conditions. GWAS revealed 6 novel QTLs/genes associated with rice plant growth and grain yield across various environments, distinct from previously recognized salt stress-related genes. Notably, the gene <em>PHS10.1</em>, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase, may regulate carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, influencing plant growth and grain yield. Certain haplotypes of the genes regulating plant height and grain yield, including <em>SD1</em>, <em>Ghd7.1</em>, <em>GH3.5,</em> and <em>PHS10.1</em>, were selected in traditional breeding. Moreover, optimizing plant height through the introgression of beneficial alleles of these genes increased grain yield in recipient lines under both normal and saline conditions.<h3>Conclusion</h3>We propose that utilizing beneficial haplotypes to optimize plant height can effectively balance the growth–stress trade-offs in rice plants. This represents a promising breeding strategy for the development of crop varieties that are both high-yielding and salt-tolerant.","PeriodicalId":14952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}