综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"In-memory phononic learning toward cognitive mechanical intelligence","authors":"Yuning Zhang, K. W. Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh9320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeh9320","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical intelligence seeks autonomous materials that embody memory, perception, learning, and decision-making within the mechanical domain. A fundamental challenge is to integrate memory with information processing in an efficient, scalable, and interpretable way that supports cognitive learning and decision-making. Here, we introduce in-memory phononic learning, a framework that unifies non-volatile mechanical memory with wave-based perception in a phononic metastructure. Spatial information is stored as structural states that program elastic-wave responses, allowing probing waves to act as queries that retrieve informative features through parallel, physically transparent localization modes. Learning is achieved by offline optimization of input waveforms to selectively combine these features for multitask memory-pattern recognition without hardware redesign, with decisions inferred directly from output-energy responses. We experimentally and numerically demonstrate high-accuracy classification across tasks from geometric shapes to handwritten digits. Overall, this work elevates “materials that compute” toward “cognitive matter” that can interpret, reason, and learn through wave physics, laying a foundation for scalable and robust autonomous material systems.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction-based cryo-EM resolves the continuous conformational spectrum of CTP synthase catalysis.","authors":"Chen-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Wu, Shu-Ying Guo, You Fu, Wei Wang, Ji-Long Liu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2620271123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2620271123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capturing enzymes under native turnover conditions remains a grand challenge in structural biology. Here, we develop a reaction-based cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) strategy that directly samples <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) from actively catalyzing mixtures containing only natural substrates and allosteric effectors. By integrating reaction-based sampling with three-dimensional variability analysis, we resolve a continuous conformational spectrum of CTPS during catalysis. This approach visualizes the chemical progression of 4-phosphoryl-uridine triphosphate (4Pi-UTP) formation and reveals a previously unobserved co-occupancy pattern of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and CTP at the reaction end point. Cross-validation with nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs demonstrates that UTP phosphorylation by ATP, rather than mere ATP binding, shifts the conformational ensemble toward more closed states. Our findings establish reaction-based cryo-EM as a framework for resolving chemically annotated conformational ensembles without predefining a single trapped intermediate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2620271123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytic facilitation of somatic NMDARs underpins hippocampal E-S potentiation.","authors":"Xi Dong, Zhaohui Chen, Yi Fu, Zhi Wang, Wei Lu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2607168123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607168123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EPSP-spike (E-S) potentiation is a form of plasticity defined by a persistent increase in neuronal spike output for a given synaptic input, reflecting enhanced E-S coupling independent of synaptic strength. However, its cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that brief induction of E-S potentiation triggers a sustained calcium activity increase in astrocytes adjacent to the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. Mechanistically, E-S potentiation critically requires GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) localized to the neuronal soma. Sustained astrocytic activity promotes E-S potentiation through vesicular release of D-serine, which enhances tonic activation of somatic NMDARs, suppresses A-type potassium currents, and produces a lasting increase in neuronal excitability. Functionally, this astrocyte-dependent E-S potentiation lowers the threshold for subsequent long-term potentiation, conferring a metaplastic influence on hippocampal circuits. These findings identify an astrocyte-neuron signaling mechanism that drives intrinsic plasticity and establish somatic NMDARs as a key site of astrocytic regulation of hippocampal output.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2607168123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A moveable feast: Neurons become less picky eaters after hibernation.","authors":"Sonal Kedia","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2630041123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2630041123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2630041123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taylor's law beyond finite moments: A route to dynamic financial risk.","authors":"Svetlozar T Rachev","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2632396123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2632396123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2632396123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale framework for heme crystallization inhibition: From single-molecule step-capping to parasite suppression.","authors":"Huan-Jui Lee, Sandra Massih, Mahnoor Abdullah, Hariharan Annadurai, Jeffrey D Rimer, David J Sullivan, Peter G Vekilov","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2613405123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2613405123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heme crystallization is central to malaria parasites' survival during the erythrocytic stage of the disease, yet how clinically relevant antimalarial drugs modulate this process at the molecular level remains unclear. Here we employ stage-resolved parasite assays and multiscale in vitro approaches to explore the interactions between lumefantrine (LF), one of the popular components of current combination therapies, and hematin crystallization. Pulse LF suppresses <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> during both ring and trophozoite stages. Under biomimetic conditions, LF markedly reduces β-hematin crystal growth rates. High-resolution atomic force microscopy reveals that individual LF molecules bind directly to crystal steps, physically constraining step motion through a previously unreported step-capping mechanism. This localized inhibition propagates to the mesoscale, producing step broadening, reduced interstep spacing, and causing surface kinetic roughening. In contrast to its strong inhibition of crystal growth, LF enhances hematin nucleation by promoting the formation of mesoscopic hematin-rich clusters, as detected by a combination of scattering and microscopy techniques. Attachment of the nucleated crystallites to larger crystal surfaces initiates a nonclassical inhibition sequence by straining the crystal interface, which further impedes step growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2613405123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of avian iridescence via melanogenesis.","authors":"Soraia Barbosa, Carina Bittner, Roberto Arbore, Pedro M Araújo, Paulo Pereira, Pedro Andrade, Csaba Fekete, Rita Afonso, Sandra Afonso, M Francisca Amorim, Cristiana I Marques, Michaël P J Nicolaï, João Carita, Jindřich Brejcha, Ricardo J Lopes, Joel M Alves, Fernando Cruz, Jèssica Gómez-Garrido, Cristina Zamarreño, Marta Gut, Tyler Alioto, Muhammad Akhtar Ali, Andrea Hilpert, Anita Hecht, Erdmann Spiecker, Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri, Shosuke Ito, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Leif Andersson, Joseph C Corbo, Nicolas Vogel, Miguel Carneiro","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2614444123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614444123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The iridescent colors of birds originate in nanoscale feather structures that interact with light. Although the physical principles governing avian iridescence are well established, the molecular mechanisms assembling these nanostructures into photonic materials remain unknown. Here, we integrated genomic, cellular, and optical approaches to investigate the molecular basis of iridescent color formation in birds. We leveraged mutations that arose in the domesticated Indian peafowl and natural color variation in wild birds. In peafowl, we identified eight genes underlying gains, losses, and shifts of iridescence, whereas in two wild species, we used single-cell transcriptomics to profile asymmetric feathers in which iridescent and noniridescent barbules develop on opposite sides of the same feather. We found that all peafowl mutations mapped to melanogenesis genes, showing that variation in this pathway can modify diverse geometric features of feather photonic nanostructures. Mutations altering melanin composition collapsed multilayered photonic systems and yielded noniridescent tissues, whereas changes in melanosome abundance, elongation, or deposition timing generated multilayer architectures with variable periodicity and color. We further show in peafowl that transitions from noniridescent to iridescent plumage were associated with single-nucleotide mutations in a melanogenesis gene, suggesting that, in species already capable of forming multilayered nanostructures, iridescence can be gained by relatively small genetic changes. Single-cell transcriptomes from wild species also supported extensive melanocyte-centered regulatory rewiring associated with iridescence, including changes in melanosome maturation, trafficking, and intercellular signaling. Together, these results show that the nanoscale order underlying iridescence is developmentally plastic and highly responsive to the melanogenic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2614444123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-homocysteine triggers an adaptive response that extends lifespan through the <i>YBT1</i> ABC transporter.","authors":"Koji Masumura, Sayaka Kawasaki, Mayu Tsutsumi, Hiiro Yamashita, Muneyoshi Kanai, Haruto Nakajo, Wakaba Yagi, Shoma Katsunoi, Kaori Yoneyama, Miyuki Kawano-Kawada, Takayuki Sekito, Takafumi Ogawa, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaki Mizunuma","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2621286123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2621286123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a fundamental methyl donor; however, the physiological role of its byproduct and competitive inhibitor, <i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), remains unclear. Here, we show that transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production triggered by SAH during the early logarithmic phase mimics partial SAH hydrolase inhibition, extending the yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) through a hormetic mechanism. This study reveals that the dual nature of ROS in aging is determined by the specific degree of SAH hydrolase activity. We identified the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Ybt1 as a key downstream effector of SAH. Ybt1 localizes to the vacuolar membrane and facilitates the sequestration of SAM from the cytosol into the vacuole. Notably, <i>YBT1</i> overexpression extends CLS, mimicking SAH effects through an integrated pathway involving target of rapamycin complex 1 downregulation, autophagy, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. Our findings establish that SAH acts as a metabolic signal coupling nutrient and energy availability to longevity via Ybt1, defining an adaptive/hormetic response for lifespan regulation in yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2621286123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Roff: Ecological readiness must evolve with AI.","authors":"Gayatri Mishra","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2627861123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2627861123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2627861123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural insights into the coupling mechanism of vectorial CO₂ uptake by DAB1.","authors":"Naiya R Phillips, Luke M Oltrogge, Jonathan P Remis, David F Savage","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2616712123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2616712123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CO₂ transporters enable bacterial CO₂-concentrating mechanisms by catalyzing directional hydration of CO₂, yet the basis of this vectorial carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity remains an open question. We used cryoelectron microscopy to determine the structure of the DAB1 complex from <i>Thermocrinis albus</i> to 2.29 Å, revealing a heterotrimer in which a deeply buried β-CA active site in DabA is structurally coupled to the proton-translocating subunit DabB. Two conformational states define distinct solvent channels for substrate entry and product exit. A suppressor screen identifies mutations that disrupt coupling while retaining CA activity, underlying the importance of conserved residues that link proton translocation to active-site remodeling. These results support a model in which proton-driven conformational changes regulate substrate access to the active site, enabling vectorial CO₂ hydration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2616712123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}