综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"miR444b.2-HsfA1-AOC1 module mediates heat priming-enhanced blast resistance in rice.","authors":"Jiehua Qiu,Xiuxiu Cao,Huanbin Shi,Zhengting Chen,Xiaoyu Zhang,Zijian Cao,Dongmei Huang,Hui Wen,Ya Chen,Yanjun Kou","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2505764122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505764122","url":null,"abstract":"As global climate change exacerbates extreme heat events, the interplay between heat stress and blast disease resistance in rice remains poorly understood. In this study, through integrated transcriptome profiling and systematic phenotyping of mutants in several thermosensory pathways, we identified HsfA1 as a positive regulator of heat priming-enhanced blast resistance in rice. Systematic analysis of microRNA (miRNA) dynamics, bioinformatics prediction, and RNA pull-down experiments revealed that miR444b.2, a temperature-responsive miRNA, directly suppresses the expression of HsfA1 by targeting the second exon of HsfA1 messenger RNA (mRNA). Genetic analyses demonstrated that heat stress-mediated suppression of miR444b.2 expression relieves the repression of HsfA1, thereby enhancing blast resistance in rice. Furthermore, HsfA1 directly binds to the promoter of AOC1, a key jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis gene, to activate its expression. Knockout of HsfA1 or AOC1 abolishes heat priming-enhanced JA accumulation and blast disease resistance, and the phenotypes are largely restored via AOC1 overexpression and MeJA treatment. Further identification of HsfA1 natural variants and generation of the HsfA1 uORF-edited lines with improved blast resistance offer potential strategies for breeding disease-resistant rice varieties. This study elucidates the miR444b.2-HsfA1-AOC1 module that links thermal sensing to JA-mediated blast resistance, providing a molecular blueprint for engineering climate-resilient crops with concurrent biotic-abiotic stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"66 1","pages":"e2505764122"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Loh and Ren: Motivating action among climate change believers.","authors":"Alyssa H Sinclair,Danielle Cosme,Kirsten Lydic,Diego A Reinero,Michael E Mann,Emily B Falk","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2515426122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2515426122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"70 1","pages":"e2515426122"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making","authors":"Charles Findling, Felix Hubert, International Brain Laboratory, Luigi Acerbi, Brandon Benson, Julius Benson, Daniel Birman, Niccolò Bonacchi, E. Kelly Buchanan, Sebastian Bruijns, Matteo Carandini, Joana A. Catarino, Gaelle A. Chapuis, Anne K. Churchland, Yang Dan, Felicia Davatolhagh, Eric E. J. DeWitt, Tatiana A. Engel, Michele Fabbri, Mayo A. Faulkner, Ila Rani Fiete, Laura Freitas-Silva, Berk Gerçek, Kenneth D. Harris, Michael Häusser, Sonja B. Hofer, Fei Hu, Julia M. Huntenburg, Anup Khanal, Chris Krasniak, Christopher Langdon, Christopher A. Langfield, Peter E. Latham, Petrina Y. P. Lau, Zach Mainen, Guido T. Meijer, Nathaniel J. Miska, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel, Jean-Paul Noel, Kai Nylund, Alejandro Pan-Vazquez, Liam Paninski, Jonathan Pillow, Cyrille Rossant, Noam Roth, Rylan Schaeffer, Michael Schartner, Yanliang Shi, Karolina Z. Socha, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Karel Svoboda, Charline Tessereau, Anne E. Urai, Miles J. Wells, Steven Jon West, Matthew R. Whiteway, Olivier Winter, Ilana B. Witten, Anthony Zador, Yizi Zhang, Peter Dayan, Alexandre Pouget","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09226-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-025-09226-1","url":null,"abstract":"The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood1. Here, to investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with a prior probability alternating between 0.2 and 0.8 in blocks of variable length. We found that mice estimate this prior probability and thereby improve their decision accuracy. Furthermore, we report that this subjective prior is encoded in at least 20% to 30% of brain regions that, notably, span all levels of processing, from early sensory areas (the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex) to motor regions (secondary and primary motor cortex and gigantocellular reticular nucleus) and high-level cortical regions (the dorsal anterior cingulate area and ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex). This widespread representation of the prior is consistent with a neural model of Bayesian inference involving loops between areas, as opposed to a model in which the prior is incorporated only in decision-making areas. This study offers a brain-wide perspective on prior encoding at cellular resolution, underscoring the importance of using large-scale recordings on a single standardized task. Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"645 8079","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09226-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-low core loss in Fe-enriched soft magnetic ribbons enabled by nanostructure and high-frequency domain engineering","authors":"Ravi Gautam, Shozo Hiramoto, Nikita Kulesh, Hiroaki Mamiya, Satoshi Okamoto, Nobuhisa Ono, Takeshi Ogasawara, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Hossein Sepehri-Amin","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-63139-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63139-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The next generation of power electronics necessitates materials capable of rapid response at tens of kilohertz frequencies while ensuring minimal core losses. Accelerating the advancement of power electronics hinges on addressing the current shortage of ultra-low core loss soft magnets, thereby enabling sustainable energy utilization and paving the way toward achieving zero carbon footprints. Here we demonstrate an approach that integrates nanostructure engineering with high-frequency domain structure control, significantly enhancing the performance of Fe-enriched amorphous ribbons. Our strategy reduces core loss by 55%, achieving an ultra-low loss of ~ 75 ± 1.3 W/kg at 10 kHz, 1 T. We attribute this improvement to optimized perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which is induced by positive magnetostriction and compressive stress generated from partial nanocrystallization of <i>α</i>-Fe in a residual amorphous matrix. These configurations lead to the formation of a narrow stripe-shaped magnetic domain (~ 4.8 ± 0.6 μm wide), resulting in minimal excess loss. These findings highlight a pivotal advancement in soft magnet design, facilitating energy-efficient, miniaturized power electronics for modern applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cas9 senses CRISPR RNA abundance to regulate CRISPR spacer acquisition","authors":"Xufei Zhou, Rucheng Diao, Xin Li, Christine A. Ziegler, Max J. Gramelspacher, Lydia Freddolino, Zhonggang Hou, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09577-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09577-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prokaryotes create adaptive immune memories by acquiring foreign DNA snippets, known as spacers, into the CRISPR array¹. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the RNA-guided effector Cas9 also assists the acquisition machinery by selecting spacers from <u>p</u>rotospacer <u>a</u>djacent <u>m</u>otif (PAM)-flanked DNA^2,3. Here, we uncover the first biological role for Cas9 that is independent of its dual RNA partners. Following depletion of crRNA and/or tracrRNA, <i>Neisseria</i> apoCas9 stimulates spacer acquisition efficiency. Physiologically, Cas9 senses low levels of crRNA in cells with short CRISPR arrays – such as those undergoing array neogenesis or natural array contractions – and dynamically upregulates acquisition to quickly expand the small immune memory banks. As the CRISPR array expands, rising crRNA abundance in turn reduces apoCas9 availability, thereby dampening acquisition to mitigate autoimmunity risks associate with elevated acquisition. While apoCas9’s nuclease lobe alone suffices for stimulating acquisition, only full-length Cas9 responses to crRNA levels to boost acquisition in cells with low immunity depth. Finally, we show that this activity is evolutionarily conserved across multiple type II-C Cas9 orthologs. Altogether, we establish an auto-replenishing feedback mechanism in which apoCas9 safeguards CRISPR immunity depth by acting as both a crRNA sensor and a regulator of spacer acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside a mosquito factory","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-02806-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-02806-1","url":null,"abstract":"Brazilian site could produce one kilo of mosquito eggs per week.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two ant species, one mother","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-02834-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-02834-x","url":null,"abstract":"Two brother ants defy species borders, by sharing the same mother despite being genetically different species.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KH–R3H domain cooperation in RNA recognition by the global RNA-binding protein KhpB","authors":"Kenji Fukui, Takeshi Murakawa, Seiki Baba, Takashi Kumasaka, Takato Yano","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-62302-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62302-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>KhpB, also known as EloR, is a recently discovered global RNA-binding protein in various pathogenic bacteria that regulates critical cellular processes. KhpB is unique in containing both an R3H domain and a KH domain, which are universal RNA/DNA-binding domains found across various proteins involved in diverse cellular functions. However, the precise roles of these domains in KhpB’s RNA-binding mechanism remain unclear, particularly as no structural data of the R3H domain bound to RNA/DNA have been reported for any protein. In this study, we present the crystal structures of both the RNA-free and RNA-bound forms of <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> KhpB dimer. These structures reveal that the KH and R3H domains cooperate to form a composite RNA-binding site capable of binding a single RNA molecule. Notably, the coordinated interaction requires RNA molecules that are at least 7 nucleotides long. This interaction induces conformational changes, including the closure of the RNA-binding cleft between the two domains. The structural data further reveal that KhpB primarily interacts with the phosphate backbone of RNA, while most of the base moieties remain solvent-exposed. These findings provide structural insights into the molecular function of KhpB and shed light on the RNA-binding strategies of other R3H domain-containing proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TaCEP15 peptide signaling cascade modulates primary root length and drought tolerance in wheat","authors":"Wen Yang,&nbsp;Renhan Li,&nbsp;Man Feng,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Yumei Zhang,&nbsp;Huiru Peng,&nbsp;Yingyin Yao,&nbsp;Zhaorong Hu,&nbsp;Zhongfu Ni,&nbsp;Wen Song,&nbsp;Feng Qin,&nbsp;Fuminori Takahashi,&nbsp;Qixin Sun,&nbsp;Mingming Xin","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady1949","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ady1949","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Drought stress poses an environmental challenge affecting crop yield. Small signaling peptides play crucial roles in the regulation of stress responses in plants. Here, we unveil that the TaCEP15 peptide interacts with the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase TaCEPRL. Knockout of <i>TaCEP15</i> or <i>TaCEPRL</i> increases primary root length and enhances drought tolerance in wheat. TaCEPRL interacts with and phosphorylates TaSnRK1α, leading to the degradation of TaSnRK1α. The presence of TaCEP15 intensifies the phosphorylation and degradation of TaSnRK1α. Consistently, overexpressing <i>TaSnRK1</i>α boosts primary root elongation and augments drought tolerance. In addition, we identify the transcription factor TabZIP9, which binds to the <i>TaCEP15</i> promoter and suppresses its transcription. A-to-T substitution in the <i>TaCEP15</i> promoter decreases the binding affinity of TabZIP9. As expected, transgenic plants with <i>TabZIP9</i> knockout or overexpression exhibit noteworthy changes in primary root length and drought tolerance. Our findings shed light on the importance of the peptide signaling pathway in regulating primary root length and responding to drought stress in wheat.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.ady1949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microenvironment-driven transformable self-assembly nanoplatform enables spatiotemporal remodeling for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","authors":"Chuan Hu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Ma,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Yaxin Chen,&nbsp;Yujun Song,&nbsp;Qingsong Tang,&nbsp;Xinling He,&nbsp;Yitao Wang,&nbsp;Huile Gao,&nbsp;Jinming Zhang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5245","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5245","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The aberrant vasculature within the inflamed joint cavity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only exacerbates joint pathology but also restricts the effective delivery of therapeutic drugs. Herein, we propose a strategy that involves the rapid and sustained vasculature repair alongside microenvironment-driven drug delivery to achieve multifaceted RA management. The transformable, self-assembling nanoplatform specifically accumulates in the inflamed joint cavity guided by a vascular targeting peptide (STP). Subsequently, STP detaches and undergoes shape transformation, forming nanofibers on the vascular endothelium, which serve as a rapid-acting physical barrier in the short term and facilitate sustained vascular normalization in the long term. Concurrently, the remaining nanoparticles undergo charge reversal and RGD exposure, enabling precise delivery of anti-RA agent triptolide and the immunomodulatory agent metformin. Collectively, this study provides a potent strategy for rapid, sustained, and precise spatiotemporal remodeling of RA using a simple yet intelligent self-assembling nanoplatform.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu5245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}