PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the temporal correlations of factors affecting traffic safety on mountain freeways: Through new crash frequency modelling methods.","authors":"Liang Zhang, Zhongxiang Huang, Aiwu Kuang, Jie Yu, Lei Zhu, Songtao Yang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential factors contributing to safety risks on mountainous freeways exhibit significant seasonal clustering and temporal correlations. However, these temporal characteristics have not been accurately captured by existing crash modeling methods, which severely compromise model fit and may lead to erroneous conclusions. This study makes three major contributions. Firstly, a multidimensional crash dataset involving design features, traffic conditions, pavement performance, and weather conditions was established based on eight quarterly datasets of mountain freeways in China. Secondly, two new crash modeling methods considering temporal correlations were proposed. The first model embedded an autoregressive structure and a time linear trend function within a Poisson model, while the second model incorporated an autoregressive structure and time-varying regression coefficients within a Poisson model. The superiority of the new models over seven existing time-correlated models was validated in terms of goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, and the significant associations between crash frequencies across different quarters were also confirmed. Moreover, this study quantitatively analyzed the causes of crash frequency on mountainous freeways in China, revealing several significant conclusions. For instance, special road sections such as interchanges, tunnels, and service areas exhibit higher crash risks. Increased traffic volumes, especially with a higher proportion of trucks, are associated with elevated crash risks. Enhancing pavement smoothness and skid resistance was found to effectively mitigate crashes. Moderate rainfall increases crash risks, whereas heavy rainfall alters travel plans and paradoxically reduces crash frequency. To the best of our knowledge, this study introduced the first temporal correlation modeling method specifically addressing the unique temporal characteristics of safety-influencing factors on China's mountainous freeways, offering valuable insights for the development of effective safety countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0319831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Prevalence and risk factors of the most common multimorbidity among Canadian adults.","authors":"Obed Mortey, Gerald Mugford, Kris Aubrey-Bassler, Hensley H Mariathas, Ugochukwu Odimba, Zhiwei Gao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317688.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0321700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inhibitor-free, versatile, fast, and cheap precipitation-based DNA purification method.","authors":"Zhe F Tang, David R McMillen","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleic acid purification is a key step in molecular biology workflows, and especially critical in synthetic biology. Two common techniques are phenol chloroform extraction and silica column adsorption. We have determined that commercial silica columns appear to elute a currently unidentified substance that can inhibit subsequent enzymatic reactions if not sufficiently diluted. To resolve this inhibition, we have developed a novel purification approach in which we achieve simultaneous protein removal and DNA precipitation through the application of chaotropic salts and alcohol/polyethylene glycol. While prior DNA precipitation approaches require 2 steps to remove protein and precipitate DNA, and 4 steps to remove RNA and precipitate DNA, our method accomplishes all of them in a single step. Our approach matches the speed and versatility of silica column purification while additionally being substantially cheaper, as well as avoiding restrictions on the maximum size of purified DNA fragments and the need for gel extraction to remove primer dimers below 700 bps. Our purification technique has also enabled us to uncover an important insight into nucleic acids: Gibson Assembly generates mainly linear DNA that transforms poorly into the cloning host E. coli, which is linked to suboptimal levels of functional colony formation after transformation. We show that decreasing the concentration of the linear DNA by 100-fold dramatically increases circularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0317658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pesticide residue detection model for food based on NIR and SERS.","authors":"Fuchao Yan, Rui Zhang, Shuqi Wang, Ning Zhang, Xueyao Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a multivariate calibration model based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) techniques, aiming to achieve efficient and accurate detection of pesticide residues in food by integrating the spectral information from both techniques. The study utilizes the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion-based Variable Space Iterative Optimization algorithm (HSIC-VSIO) for feature variable selection, and combines it with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to build a spectral fusion quantitative model. Experimental results show that the calibration set Root Mean Square Error (RMSE1) of the NIR and SERS feature-layer fusion model is 0.160, the prediction set RMSE (RMSE2) is 0.185, the prediction set coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.988, and the Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) is 8.290. Compared to single spectral techniques, the NIR and SERS spectral feature-layer fusion method demonstrates significant superiority in detecting pesticide residues in complex matrix samples. The findings further validate the high sensitivity of SERS technology in detecting low concentrations of pesticides and show that the feature-layer fusion method effectively suppresses matrix interference, enhancing the model's generalization ability. This study provides a reliable tool for the rapid and accurate detection of pesticide residues in food and offers new insights into the application of spectral analysis technologies in the food safety field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in urine output from shelter cats is explained by shelter location, not kennel size.","authors":"Allison Andrukonis, Nathaniel J Hall","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring and decreasing stress in cats housed in animal shelters is essential for maintaining adequate welfare. Urine output is a potential indicator of shelter cat stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the provision of extra space using a portal connecting two kennels and daily petting on urine output at two different municipal shelters in the United States. Cats (n =  59) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Control, Portal, Petting, and Portal and Petting. Litter clumps were weighed daily for five days as a measure of urine output. Additionally, cats were given a daily Cat Stress Score. Experimental group did not significantly predict urine output nor Cat Stress Score. However, living at Shelter B significantly predicted increased urine output. The results from the present study suggest that shelter-related factors might impact urine output of cats more than kennel size or petting alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Borrelia burgdorferi-mediated induction of miR146a-5p fine tunes the inflammatory response in human dermal fibroblasts.","authors":"Berta Victoria, Sarah A Noureddine, Michael G Shehat, Travis J Jewett, Mollie W Jewett","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0322305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286959.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0322305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparity in school children's reading skills in 11 African countries.","authors":"Huafeng Zhang, Stein T Holden","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To promote SDG Goal 4 and \"education for all\", this study investigates children's basic reading skills in 11 low-income and lower-middle-income African countries, using standardized reading tests from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Research specifically examining children's reading skills and disparities across socioeconomic groups in African contexts remains scarce. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by providing comparative evidence on reading skills disparities across diverse social backgrounds, including children with disabilities. Our study provides new evidence on the \"Learning Crisis in the Global South\", revealing alarmingly low levels of reading skills but with considerable variation across the 11 African countries studied. Substantial reading skills differences exist between children with disabilities or from disadvantaged backgrounds-those living in rural areas, and from poorer, less educated families-and their non-disabled and non-disadvantaged peers. Notably, these disparities are often more pronounced in countries with higher overall reading proficiency. Moreover, there are persistent gaps between children with and without disabilities across the countries and socioeconomic groups in this study. Encouragingly, strengthening education systems is a promising way of improving the reading skills of children with disabilities. These findings underscore the diverse challenges faced by children from different backgrounds in varying contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of health-promoting leadership of nursing managers on the work withdrawal behaviors and psychological safety of nurses.","authors":"Darya Esmaeilbeigi, Mahdi Sahraei Beiranvand, Fatemeh Mohammadipour","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Health-promoting leadership is a novel organizational strategy aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases in the workplace and promoting the health needs of staff. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of health-promoting leadership of nursing managers on the nurses' withdrawal behaviors and psychological safety.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Structural equation modelling was used to verify the conceptual model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 346 nurses working in educational hospitals in the western provinces of Iran were included using stratified random sampling by 2023. The research instruments included a checklist of demographic and occupational characteristics, health-promoting leadership, withdrawal behaviors, and psychological safety questionnaires. Pearson's correlation and structural equation modelling were used to investigate the relationships between the variables. We followed the STROBE Checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed a significant negative relationship between health-promoting leadership and withdrawal behaviors and a significant positive relationship with nurses' psychological safety. There was also a negative and significant relationship between the withdrawal behaviors and psychological safety. Health-promoting leadership can explain 45% and 52% of the variance in psychological safety and withdrawal behaviors, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While emphasizing the importance of leadership styles, the findings of this study indicate that nurse leaders should acknowledge the significance of health promotion leadership as a crucial set of behaviors to foster psychological safety and reduce withdrawal behaviors among nurses, thereby enhancing their quality of care and performance.</p><p><strong>Implications for nursing management: </strong>The results draw the attention of nursing managers to health-promoting leadership and its relationships, and create an impetus for changing leadership styles and addressing the lack of mutual understanding. Considering this finding, it appears necessary to create clearer prospect for the nursing profession by teaching health-promoting leadership principles to nursing managers and nurses without managerial positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0321131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of mirabegron and vibegron in the treatment of Overactive Bladder (OAB) in older women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiankun Zhang, Junpeng Chi, Keyuan Lou, Junjie Zhao, Feng Gao, Yuanshan Cui","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After the introduction of anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), the discovery of β-adrenergic agonists has helped reduce the side effects associated with the former. Currently, the two available medications, mirabegron and vibegron, are β-adrenergic agonists. However, clinical practitioners are still faced with the dilemma of which drug to choose.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze and compare the efficacy and adverse effects of the two medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials using mirabegron and vibegron for the treatment of OAB. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched. The search cutoff date was July 25 2024. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized methods. A meta-analysis was then conducted using RevMan software and a random-effects model, with studies weighted according to sample size and variance. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan, and results were presented as effect sizes (e.g., mean difference or risk ratio).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three randomized controlled trials compared the safety and efficacy of mirabegron and vibegron head-to-head, involving 368 patients. The trials, each lasting 8 or 12 weeks. The trials compared the changes in various indices of the OABSS (Overactive Bladder Symptom Score) between the two drugs. The statistical methods used in the analysis included Mean Difference (MD), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), p-value, and I² statistic. For OABSS: MD =  0.38, 95% CI =  - 0.19 to 0.95, p =  0.28, I² =  21%; for Q1: MD =  0.08, 95% CI =  - 0.01 to 0.26, p =  0.31, I² =  4%; for Q2: MD =  0.08, 95% CI =  - 0.21 to 0.37, p =  0.67, I² =  0%; for Q3: MD =  0.05, 95% CI =  - 0.45 to 0.56, p =  0.90, I² =  0%; for Q4: MD =  - 0.21, 95% CI =  - 0.68 to 0.27, p =  0.35, I² =  0%. The relative risk (RR) of adverse effects between the two drugs was: RR =  0.87, 95% CI =  0.57 to 1.34, p =  0.27, I² =  25%; for constipation: RR =  0.73, 95% CI =  0.37 to 1.43, p =  0.27, I² =  25%; and for dry mouth: RR =  0.98, 95% CI =  0.42 to 2.30, p =  0.78, I² =  0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There appears to be no statistically significant difference in efficacy and safety between mirabegron and vibegron for OAB patients. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0317550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Trade facilitation, market size, and supply chain efficiency of Taiwan semiconductor companies.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0322506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299322.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0322506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}