PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"A pre-post single-arm pilot trial of a digital multicomponent intervention for self-efficacy enhancement among online support groups of primary caregivers of children with neuro-muscular disorders: SEE-NMD protocol.","authors":"Nashit Irfan Aziz, Wardah Khalid, Sara Khan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0349543","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0349543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are progressive genetic neuromuscular disorders that impose substantial caregiving demands on families. In Pakistan, where disease-modifying therapies remain largely inaccessible, care is predominantly supportive, frequently resulting in psychological distress and diminished caregiver confidence. An individual's belief in their capacity to execute required behaviours, self-efficacy, is a recognised determinant of caregiving quality, yet evidence on caregiver self-efficacy in SMA and DMD within low-resource settings remains sparse. This protocol describes the methods for an exploratory, single-arm, pre-post trial. The trial aims to generate preliminary evidence on changes in self-efficacy following a multicomponent, digitally delivered intervention and its implementation feasibility among primary caregivers of children with SMA and DMD in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>A single-arm, pre-post study design will recruit primary caregivers of children with SMA and DMD enrolled in the Treat-NMD Registry of Pakistan, with 40 caregivers per condition (80 total) analyzed as separate disease-specific cohorts. An eight-week intervention will be delivered via online support groups, comprising educational video clips, expert-led live sessions, pictorial guides, and progressively tapering audio reminders. The primary outcome, self-efficacy, will be measured using a culturally adapted, content-validated Urdu version of the DMD Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (DMD-CSES), assessed at baseline (T0) and eight weeks post-intervention (T1). Pre- and post-intervention scores will be compared using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, depending on the data distribution, with analyses conducted in STATA Version 17.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethics Review Committee of Aga Khan University (2025-11875-37040). Verbal informed consent will be obtained from all participants, and confidentiality will be maintained throughout the trial. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and shared with the Treat-NMD registry network.</p><p><strong>Trial registration name and number: </strong>NCT07356063, Date of registration: 11/January/2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0349543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of unmet discharge needs on readmission or mortality among acute respiratory failure survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Addressing Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (APICS-COVID) multicenter prospective cohort study.","authors":"Harris L Carmichael, Danielle Groat, Victor D Dinglas, Somnath Bose, Mustafa Mir Kasimov, James C Jackson, Naga Preethi Kadiri, Maria Isabel Trejo-Zambrano, Carla M Sevin, Tom Greene, Dale M Needham, Samuel M Brown","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361770","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF) often face long-term impairments known as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. These impairments, coupled with fragmented healthcare, contribute to high rates of readmission and mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged healthcare systems, providing an important opportunity to evaluate healthcare fragmentation before and during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2020 to July 2022, this prospective multicenter study (APICS-COVID) enrolled ARF survivors discharged home from acute care hospitalization. The primary exposure was unmet healthcare needs within 1-4 weeks post-discharge and the primary composite outcome was 3-month readmission and mortality. We additionally compared unmet healthcare needs in this study versus a predominately pre-pandemic cohort from an identical study protocol (APICS-01).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 patients enrolled, 94% had at least one unmet healthcare need. The median (IQR) number of healthcare needs upon discharge was 18 (11-25) and the median proportion of unmet healthcare needs was 26% (17-36%). Follow-up appointments were the most frequent unmet need. Higher vs. lower unmet healthcare needs were not significantly associated with 3-month readmission or mortality (aRR 0.61, p = 0.22). Compared to the APICS-01 cohort, the frequency of 3-month readmission/mortality was lower (14% vs. 29%, p = 0.26), despite higher unmet needs in the APICS-COVID cohort (26% vs. 16%, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across six US academic hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, we did not detect a significant association between higher and lower unmet healthcare needs and 3-month readmission or mortality. Compared to APICS-01, unmet follow-up appointments increased but readmission and mortality decreased. Home health services, durable medical equipment, and medications remained robust during pandemic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0361770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Service quality and customer satisfaction in online shopping: Implications for sustainable digital commerce.","authors":"Mohammed Al Awadh","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362194","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified competition among online retailers, making e-service quality increasingly important for building customer trust, satisfaction, and sustainable customer-platform relationships. This study examines the relationships among e-service quality, customer trust, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty using a second-order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework. The five SERVQUAL dimensions such as empathy, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and tangibles were modeled as first-order constructs reflecting the higher-order construct of service quality. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 402 respondents with prior online-shopping experience. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and SEM were employed to assess the measurement and structural models. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and overall model fit. The structural results showed that service quality significantly and positively influenced customer trust and customer satisfaction, while customer trust significantly enhanced satisfaction. Trust also partially mediated the relationship between service quality and satisfaction, indicating that e-service quality improves satisfaction both directly and through increased customer confidence. The SERVQUAL dimensions contributed positively to overall service quality, with responsiveness and assurance showing particularly strong contributions, while empathy exhibited a comparatively moderate contribution. In contrast, customer loyalty had no significant direct effect on trust or satisfaction, and its indirect effect on satisfaction through trust was also nonsignificant. These findings demonstrate that reliable, responsive, secure, and well-designed digital services are important for strengthening trust and satisfaction in competitive e-commerce environments. By identifying trust as a key mechanism linking multidimensional e-service quality with customer satisfaction, the study contributes to SERVQUAL and digital-commerce literature and provides implications for the economic and relational sustainability of e-commerce platforms through more resilient and durable customer relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0362194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the effects of nicotine concentration and nicotine source claims on oral nicotine pouch packaging engagement, self-reported perceptions and use intentions, and product trial in young adults and adults: Protocol for a randomized trial.","authors":"Lauren Long, Mahmood A Alalwan, Elsa Alvarado, Anna Kozar, Elise M Stevens, Ce Shang, Megan E Roberts, Elizabeth G Klein, Abigail Shoben, Darren Mays","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362172","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel nicotine products and evidence on how features of ONP packaging affect product engagement, perceptions, use intentions, and behavior is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We outline the protocol for a randomized trial examining how nicotine concentration and nicotine source claims affect engagement with ONP packaging using psychophysiological measures, self-reported ONP perceptions and use intentions, and ONP trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06192316).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2024 and 2027, we will recruit 450 participants, comprised of: 150 young adults ages 18-24 who are susceptible but do not use tobacco; 150 young adults ages 18-24 who use tobacco; and 150 adults ages 25-65 who use tobacco. Participants complete procedures at an in-person laboratory visit. During the visit, participants complete pre-exposure self-report measures and are randomized between subjects to one of nine conditions in a 3 (Nicotine Concentration: None, Low, or High) x 3 (Nicotine Source Claim: None, Tobacco Free, or Synthetic) design. Within conditions, participants view 16 ONP pack images, in random order, reflecting different ONP brands and flavors. During exposure, we collect psychophysiological measures including heart rate, skin conductance, and visual attention. After exposure, participants complete self-report measures of ONP perceptions and use intentions, and a timed behavioral task where they are presented with ONP packages corresponding to their randomized condition and brands and flavors shown in the stimuli. Participants can try one of the products, and ONP trial is the behavioral outcome of interest. However, the packages do not contain ONPs; they contain commercially available pouches with food grade ingredients. At visit conclusion, participants are de-briefed and receive their incentive for participating.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This project will generate evidence on the effects of nicotine concentration and source claims on ONP packaging in young adults who are not using but susceptible to tobacco, young adults using tobacco, and adults using tobacco to inform potential regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0362172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of empathy in the association between interpersonal communication competence and attitudes toward disability in higher education.","authors":"Şenay Delimehmet Dada, Adile Emel Sardohan Yıldırım","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0358732","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0358732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing positive attitudes toward people with disabilities is crucial for social equality and integration. This study examines the relationship between university students' attitudes toward people with disabilities, their empathy levels, and their interpersonal communication competence, with a focus on the mediating role of empathy. Data from 587 students were collected using a cross-sectional survey design and analyzed using correlation analysis and path analysis-based mediation modeling. The findings indicate that higher empathy and communication competence are associated with more positive attitudes and lower levels of prejudice. Empathy partially mediated the association between communication competence and egalitarian attitudes, whereas the indirect association between communication competence and prejudiced attitudes was not statistically significant. In addition, demographic factors such as gender and age were associated with attitudes, with female students reporting more positive views. These results underline the relevance of empathy and communication skills for inclusive attitudes and suggest that higher education institutions may consider policies that strengthen these competencies. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how empathy and communication are associated with disability-related attitudes in higher education.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0358732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the immune microenvironmental atlas of breast cancer molecular subtypes based on single-cell transcriptomics.","authors":"Shihua Lin, Yangxinyue Zheng, Zushun Chen, Menoudji Djetoyom Patrice, Li Wang, Xia Li, Yunpeng Zhang, Xingda Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361987","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer progression is closely linked to immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), but the immune landscape differences across HER2-positive (HER2+), triple-negative (TNBC), and ER-positive (ER+) subtypes have yet to be systematically characterized. In this study, we characterized immune landscape differences across HER2-positive (HER2+), triple-negative (TNBC), and ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers using single-cell RNA sequencing data, focusing on T cells, macrophages, and B cells. Our analysis revealed that cytotoxic CD8 + T cells were more abundant in TNBC but showed signs of dysfunction. Macrophage subsets, including an NDUFB8 + population, exhibited divergent functional orientations across subtypes. B cells in TNBC exhibited functional alterations, characterized by a decreased proportion of plasmablasts and an increased proportion of memory B cells. Single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis predicted a set of subtype-specific candidate transcription factors (TFs), including E2F8 across all subtypes and ATF7 in HER2 + tumors, whose activity correlated with clinical outcomes. Finally, mapping multicellular communication networks revealed both conserved and subtype-specific signaling pathways. Together, these results present a detailed transcriptional landscape of immune heterogeneity in breast cancer and contribute novel insights that may inform the design of subtype-specific immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0361987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous midazolam alters short-interval paired-pulse TMS responses differently in younger and older adults.","authors":"Keith M McGregor, Seyed A Safavynia, Thomas Novak, Ashton M Weber, Jessica Wang, Joe R Nocera, Anna Woodbury, Bruce Crosson, Paul S García","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0353088","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0353088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aging is associated with changes in cortical excitability and altered responsiveness to benzodiazepines, but the effects of benzodiazepine challenge on motor cortical paired-pulse physiology in older adults remain incompletely understood. We examined whether intravenous midazolam differentially modulates corticospinal excitability and short-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses in younger and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen younger adults (18-35 years) and sixteen older adults (50-69 years) underwent single-pulse and paired-pulse (conditioning stimulus: 110% motor threshold; test stimulus: 143% motor threshold) TMS of the left primary motor cortex at baseline and during intravenous midazolam administration. Single-pulse motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude was used to assess corticospinal excitability. Short-interval paired-pulse responses were quantified as the ratio of conditioned to unconditioned MEP amplitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, younger adults showed greater corticospinal excitability than older adults, reflected by larger single-pulse MEP amplitudes (adjusted p = 0.04). Younger adults demonstrated paired-pulse inhibition at baseline, reflected by a conditioned/unconditioned MEP ratio below 1.0 (ratio = 0.73; adjusted p < 0.01), whereas older adults did not show inhibition and instead had a mean ratio above 1.0 (ratio = 1.25). Midazolam reduced single-pulse MEP amplitudes in both groups. During midazolam administration, paired-pulse inhibition was no longer observed in younger adults, and older adults continued to show no evidence of inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Younger and older adults differed in baseline corticospinal excitability and in short-interval paired-pulse TMS responses. Intravenous midazolam reduced corticospinal excitability and altered paired-pulse response patterns, eliminating baseline paired-pulse inhibition in younger adults while producing little measurable change in older adults. These findings suggest that aging may modify the net motor cortical response to benzodiazepine challenge. The results should be interpreted in relation to the paired-pulse stimulation parameters used and support further studies using complementary approaches to characterize age-related differences in inhibitory and facilitatory motor cortical circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0353088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13743024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-feature fusion for grassland information extraction and temporal change monitoring.","authors":"Xiyuan Liu, Jie Chen, Zijin Liu, Xiaohua Zhu, Shigao Jiang, Wanli Kang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0347821","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0347821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grasslands play a vital role in maintaining ecological security and supporting sustainable development, yet accurate extraction and dynamic monitoring remain challenging in complex mountainous regions. This study takes Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, as the study area and develops a multi-feature fusion framework on the Google Earth Engine platform by integrating optical imagery, Sentinel-1 SAR data, vegetation indices, texture features, topographic factors, and time-series characteristics. A Random Forest model was employed for high-accuracy grassland extraction, while multi-temporal remote sensing observations from selected cloud-free years between 2000 and 2025 were used to analyze long-term spatial distribution and temporal dynamics. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) was introduced to assess grassland ecological conditions, and Nanshan Pasture was selected to investigate the impacts of topography, human activities, and climatic factors on grassland variation. The results show that multi-feature fusion significantly improves classification accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) of 93.79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7165 in the optimal feature combination scheme, with optical and SAR data exhibiting strong complementarity under complex terrain conditions. Grassland area in Chengbu County remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2025, with annual variations ranging from 47.32 to 52.15 km² and no significant long-term change trend. The mean FVC exhibited relatively stable interannual fluctuations, with values generally ranging from 0.59 to 0.72 during most years. However, spatial analysis of FVC trends revealed considerable heterogeneity, with significant decreasing trends observed in localized areas, particularly in the southwestern part of Nanshan Pasture, indicating potential vegetation degradation risks. In Nanshan Pasture, FVC showed a significant negative correlation with DEM (r = -0.2839) and precipitation (r = -0.589), while correlations with human activities and land surface temperature were relatively weak. Overall, grassland dynamics in the study area may reflect the combined effects of environmental conditions and human activities, although the relationships identified in this study mainly represent statistical associations rather than causal mechanisms. The proposed framework provides an effective methodological reference for grassland monitoring, ecological assessment, and sustainable management in subtropical mountainous grassland environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0347821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stepwise fresh porcine head model for three-dimensional dissection of ventricular, limbic, and deep venous anatomy.","authors":"Sara Ganaha, Abdi Ermolo, Yuji Katayama, Yohei Kitamura","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361913","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep ventricular, limbic, cisternal, and deep venous structures form a compact three-dimensional anatomical system that is difficult to understand from two-dimensional resources alone. We evaluated the technical feasibility of organizing fresh ex vivo porcine heads into a four-module, stepwise dissection model for demonstrating these relationships. Five porcine heads obtained from a regulated food supply chain were prepared without formalin fixation, vascular injection, or specialized laboratory equipment. A neurosurgery resident performed the dissections under faculty supervision. Anatomical feasibility was assessed by the successful identification of prespecified targets within transcallosal, transchoroidal, interforniceal, posterior deep venous, and atrial-inferior horn dissections. The complete four-module sequence was achieved, and all prespecified anatomical targets were identified during dissection in all five specimens. In an independent image-based assessment of three specimens with complete unannotated photographic sets, 26 of 31 targets were identifiable in all three specimens, whereas five deep ventricular or venous targets were identifiable in two of three specimens. The dissection demonstrated the spatial continuity of the caudate nucleus, fornix, foramen of Monro, choroid plexus, thalamostriate vein, velum interpositum, internal cerebral veins, Galenic venous system, hippocampal formation, choroidal fissure, and adjacent cisternal spaces. Natural vascular coloration remained visible without injection and supported orientation during sequential dissection. This low-infrastructure preparation may serve as an accessible physical reference for understanding the three-dimensional continuity of deep ventricular, limbic, cisternal, and venous anatomy, particularly where access to human cadaveric dissection is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0361913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and Chinese art teachers' career exploration behavior: The roles of job substitution risks, job insecurity, and organizational AI readiness.","authors":"Jia Li, Yun Gao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362478","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0362478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in art education raises questions about teachers' professional security and career development. Drawing primarily on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory and, in a complementary manner, on Career Construction Theory (CCT), this cross-sectional study examined associations among AI adoption, perceived job substitution risk, job insecurity, career exploration behavior, and organizational AI readiness. Survey data from 381 Chinese art teachers were analyzed using Mplus 7.4. AI adoption was positively associated with career exploration behavior. Statistically significant indirect associations were observed through job substitution risk, job insecurity, and their hypothesized sequential combination. Organizational AI readiness positively moderated the AI adoption-career exploration relationship: the association was stronger at higher readiness. COR theory offers a resource-threat interpretation of the indirect associations, while CCT highlights that career exploration may reflect threat-related coping, growth-oriented development, or both. The data did not separately measure these motivations or establish causal ordering. The findings provide context-specific insights into career exploration among art teachers during AI-related technological change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 11","pages":"e0362478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13742945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}