PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Nebulization of 2% lidocaine has no detectable impact on the healthy equine respiratory microbiota.","authors":"Lauren Holley, Hannah N Creasey, Daniela Bedenice, Sarah Reed, Debora Regina Romualdo da Silva, Victoria Trautwein, Melissa Mazan, Giovanni Widmer","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticosteroids remain the most common pharmaceutical approach for the treatment of equine asthma but can be associated with significant side effects, including respiratory microbiome alterations. The goal of the study was to assess the impact of 2% lidocaine nebulization, a projected alternative treatment of equine asthma, on the healthy equine respiratory microbiota. A prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded, 2-way crossover study was performed, to assess the effect of 1 mg/kg 2% lidocaine (7 treatments over 4 days) on the equine respiratory microbiota compared to control horses (saline and no treatment). Clinical assessments and respiratory samples, including nasal wash, endoscopic tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, were obtained at each sample collection timepoint. The profile of the respiratory bacterial microbiota was evaluated using 16S amplicon sequencing, and clinical data compared using related samples analyses, based on data normality. The treatment did not affect the clinical data or alter the tracheal and nasal microbiota in healthy horses. However, time explained 12.6% of microbiota variation among samples. A significant difference in bacterial composition was observed between nasal and tracheal samples, showing the greatest relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively. Bacterial DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not amplify with generic primers targeting the V4 variable region of the prokaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, despite attempting multiple DNA extraction methods and PCR protocols, and after excluding PCR inhibition. This observation indicates that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy horses has a low bacterial load.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0316079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic in vitro study of the effect of normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions on the biochemical and cellular interactions of clinically-available wound dressings with different physicochemical properties.","authors":"Shirin Saberianpour, Gianluca Melotto, Rachel Forss, Lucy Redhead, Susan Sandeman, Nadia Terrazzini, Dipak Sarker, Matteo Santin","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot, leg ulcers and decubitus ulcers affect millions of individuals worldwide leading to poor quality of life, pain and in several cases to limb amputations. Despite the global dimension of this clinical problem, limited progress has been made in developing more efficacious wound dressings, the design of which currently focusses on wound protection and control of its exudate volume. The present in vitro study systematically analysed seven types of clinically-available wound dressings made of different biomaterial composition and engineering. Their physicochemical properties were analysed by infrared spectroscopy, swelling and evaporation tests and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy. These properties were linked to the interactions with inflammatory cells in simulated normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. It was observed that the swelling behaviour and evaporation prevention at different glucose levels depended more on the engineering of the fibres than on the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of their biomaterials. Likewise, the data show that the engineering of the dressings as either non-woven or woven or knitted fibres seems to determine the swelling behaviour and interactions with inflammatory cells more than their polymer composition. Dressings presenting absorbent layers made of synthetic, non-woven fibres supported the adhesion of monocytes macrophages and stimulate the release of factors known to play a role in the chronic inflammation. Non-woven absorbent layers based on carboxymethyl cellulose mainly stimulating the iNOS, an enzyme producing free radicals; in the case of Kerracel this was combined with a swelling of fibres preventing the penetration of cells. Kaltostat, an alginate-based wound dressing, showed the higher level of swelling and supporte the adhesion of inflammatory cells with limited activation. Knitted dressings showed a limited adhesion of inflammatory cells. In conclusion, this work offers insights about the interactions of these wound dressings with inflammatory cells upon exudate changes thus providing further criteria of choice to clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0317258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross- analyzing the opinions and experiences of nurses, physiotherapists, dentists, midwives, and pharmacists with respect to addictive disorder screening in primary care: A qualitative study.","authors":"Agathe Edeline, Amelie Tripault, Jean Pierre Lebeau, Maxime Pautrat","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early addiction disorders screening is recommended in primary care. The goal of health system reform is to include allied health professionals in this screening. The appropriation of their new role has not yet been explored. The main aim of this study was to examine the perspective of allied health professionals in primary care on the screening of addictive disorders. This qualitative study inspired by the grounded theory was carried out between August 2018 and July 2019. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups were organized to include of primary care health professionals (physiotherapist, nurse, midwife, pharmacist, and dentist). Thirteen semi-structured individual interviews and four focus groups were recorded and coded. The paramedics described the advantages of their professions for the detection of addictions: home visits, prescription history, habit of intimate subjects, close consultations, etc. Despite daily practice-specific observation posts, they sometimes remained silent witnesses, and their helplessness hindered identification. They felt both closer to the patients and less legitimate than the doctors in dealing with addictions. Finally, their desire for a multidisciplinary approach was limited by the fear of disturbing the doctor and the confusion between betrayal and medical secrecy. Paramedical professionals claimed to have a complementary role to play in identifying addictions. Their reluctance echoed the concept of self-censorship, already described in studies with addictologists and patients. These results must be compared with the opinions of general practitioners and patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0315926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do CEOs with government work experience foster enterprise investment in pollution control?","authors":"Mixiang Peng, Dayuan Li, Chaolin Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As enterprise leaders, CEOs play a critical role in driving enterprise investment in pollution control. However, few studies have explored the motivations behind enterprise investment in pollution control, primarily how CEOs' early experiences influence their decisions. Based on the perspective of imprinting theory, this study examines the impact of CEOs with government work experience on enterprise investment in pollution control and the boundary conditions of this impact. Using data from a survey of private enterprises in China from 2008 to 2014, the empirical results indicate that CEOs with government work experience are likelier to promote enterprise investment in pollution control. Additionally, a CEO's perceptions of economic, social, and political status negatively moderate the relationship between their government work experience and enterprise investment in pollution control. This study enriches and deepens the study on career imprinting in non-commercial fields, status perception, and sustainable development and provides practical significance for hiring CEOs with government work experience to promote enterprise investment in pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0317903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ionic liquid-assisted sample preparation method pTRUST allows sensitive proteome characterization of a variety of bacterial endospores to aid in the search for protein biomarkers.","authors":"Masato Taoka, Ritsuko Kuwana, Yoshinari Murakami, Akiko Kashima, Yuko Nobe, Takamasa Uekita, Hiromu Takamatsu, Tohru Ichimura","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial endospores are ubiquitous and are responsible for various human infections. Recently, we reported that an ionic liquid (IL)-based sample preparation method (named pTRUST) facilitated highly efficient shotgun analysis of the Bacillus subtilis spore proteome in trace samples. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and applicability of the pTRUST technology using three different spore preparations: one purified from the closely related subspecies B. subtilis natto and two from B. licheniformis and B. cereus. We showed that the pTRUST method allowed rapid solubilization and processing of all tested spore samples prepared for highly sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Bioinformatics analysis using the BLAST program suggested that a set of 25 proteins commonly identified between the above three species and B. subtilis spores may be universal biomarkers among various bacterial species, including 43 spore-producing bacteria associated with industrial dairy processing environments and product spoilage. In contrast, the two identified proteins, D4FV94 in B. subtilis natto and Q737A2 in B. cereus, are likely species-specific biomarkers, because their orthologs are absent or rare in all organisms. The sensitivity and applicability of pTRUST, along with the putative protein biomarkers identified in this study, will facilitate a wide spectrum of spore research for biological and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0318186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of bovine and synthetic hydroxyapatite in micro- and nanosized on osteoblasts action and bone growth.","authors":"Maria Apriliani Gani, Gyubok Lee, Chrismawan Ardianto, Fedik Abdul Rantam, Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari, Rafi Addimaysqi, I Ketut Adnyana, Kangwon Lee, Junaidi Khotib","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0311652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a bone graft. However, information on the head-to-head osteoinductivity and in vivo performance of micro- and nanosized natural and synthetic HA is still lacking. Here, we fabricated nanosized bovine HA (nanoBHA) by using a wet ball milling method and compared its in vitro and in vivo performance with microsized BHA, nanosized synthetic HA (nanoHA), and microsized synthetic HA (HA). The results showed that the wet ball milling method successfully reduced the particle size of BHA to 40 nm without changing its natural characteristics. NanoBHA was able to maintain cell viability and induce cell proliferation and calcium deposits. NanoBHA promoted osteogenic differentiation via OPN as a specific regulator, with a 13-fold greater expression level. NanoBHA and HA also activated ERK1/2 indicated corresponding to the proliferation-differentiation and death of cells, respectively. The calvarial bone defect model showed that nanoBHA induced bone growth based on CT images, which is in line with the histological results showing the presence of bone cells and connective tissue at the nanoBHA implantation site. In conclusion, natural HA outperformed synthetic HA. Our findings will attract interest in further research into nanomaterials and their mechanism of action in bone remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0311652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring volatility transmission in Capesize freight contracts: Insights from energy and commodity markets.","authors":"Jackson Jinhong Mi, Shek Ahmed, Yanhui Chen","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analyzing the interactions between spot and time charter freight is crucial for the maritime industry. While numerous studies have explored the relationship between average freight indices and spillover effects, a gap remains in understanding the deeper connections between inter-regional shipping routes and chartering contracts. This research investigates the role of Capesize freight dynamics in shaping the regional dry bulk freight market, with a focus on the influence of energy and commodity price fluctuations. Utilizing the TVP-VAR model, we identify distinct trends across various investment horizons. The analysis reveals that short-term spillovers dominate the system, with crude oil serving as a consistent shock transmitter within the time charter network. The China-Brazil route drives spillovers across all periods, while the Australia-China route transitions from absorbing short-term volatility to transmitting long-term shocks. Similarly, the Tubarão-Rotterdam and Bolivar-Rotterdam routes display comparable shifts, transmitting short-term spillovers but absorbing long-term volatility. These findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to manage risks amidst economic and geopolitical uncertainties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0317487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pangenome analysis reveals the center of origin and evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and 1c clade species.","authors":"Allison L Coomber, Amanda C Saville, Ignazio Carbone, Michael Martin, Vanessa C Bieker, Jean Beagle Ristaino","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and its close relatives in the 1c clade. We used whole genome sequence data from 69 isolates of Phytophthora species in the 1c clade and conducted a range of genomic analyses including nucleotide diversity evaluation, maximum likelihood trees, network assessment, time to most recent common ancestor and migration analysis. We consistently identified distinct and later divergence of the two Mexican Phytophthora species, P. mirabilis and P. ipomoeae, from P. infestans and other 1c clade species. Phytophthora infestans exhibited more recent divergence from other 1c clade species of Phytophthora from South America, P. andina and P. betacei. Speciation in the 1c clade and evolution of P. infestans occurred in the Andes. P. andina-P. betacei-P. infestans formed a species complex with indistinct species boundaries, hybridizations between the species, and short times to common ancestry. Furthermore, the distinction between modern Mexican and South American P. infestans proved less discrete, suggesting gene flow between populations over time. Admixture analysis indicated a complex relationship among these populations, hinting at potential gene flow across these regions. Historic P. infestans, collected from 1845-1889, were the first to diverge from all other P. infestans populations. Modern South American populations diverged next followed by Mexican populations which showed later ancestry. Both populations were derived from historic P. infestans. Based on the time of divergence of P. infestans from its closest relatives, P. andina and P. betacei in the Andean region, we consider the Andes to be the center of origin of P. infestans, with modern globalization contributing to admixture between P. infestans populations today from Mexico, the Andes and Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0314509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A protocol for loading Calcein-AM into extracellular vesicles from mammalian cells for clear visualization with a fluorescence microscope coupled to a deconvolution system.","authors":"María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez, Jaime E Castellanos, Myriam L Velandia-Romero","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures produced and released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. Due to their characteristics, EVs play crucial roles in cellular communication and signaling, holding an immense potential as biomarkers and molecular transporters. Various methods have been developed to label and characterize EVs, however, visualizing EVs remains a process that requires highly specialized and expensive equipment, which is not always available in all the laboratories. In this study, we adapted a protocol originally designed for EVs analysis by flow cytometry using Calcein-AM, and convert it into a useful and effective tool for visualizing EVs by epifluorescence microscopy coupled with a deconvolution system. This approach can be very useful for basic EVs analyses, enabling researchers to verify their distribution and internalization across cells. Such insights can guide decisions on whether to advance to more detailed analysis using confocal microscopy or to perform additional assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0317689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrips dynamics in Allium crops: Unraveling the role of reproductive mode and weather variables in Thrips tabaci population development.","authors":"Bettina Porta, Ben Vosman, Pablo González Barrios, Richard G F Visser, Guillermo A Galván, Olga E Scholten","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrips tabaci is the main thrips species affecting onion and related species. It is a cryptic species complex comprising three phylogenetic groups characterized by different reproductive modes (thelytoky or arrhenotoky) and host plant specialization. Thrips tabaci populations vary widely in genetic diversity, raising questions about the factor(s) that drive this diversity. We investigated the genetic diversity, reproductive mode, and heteroplasmy frequency in T. tabaci populations from different Allium spp fields in six locations in the Netherlands in 2021 and at two locations from the North and South of Uruguay over three years to unravel how the diversity is structured in the populations and if changes can be associated with weather variables. The thrips populations from each location studied were characterized by sequencing 33 individuals per sampling using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The reproductive mode was determined using specific primers and a phylogenetic analysis. Daily data for the weather variables was obtained from agrometeorological experimental stations located in the Uruguayan sampled crop fields. The diversity, reproductive mode, and heteroplasmy of T. tabaci populations in onion crops exhibited significant year-to-year variation depending on the location. Changes in the relative frequency of each reproductive mode in populations are associated with weather variables: precipitation, temperature, number of frosts, and relative humidity. Heteroplasmy frequency was associated with the same weather variables except temperature. In Uruguay and the Netherlands, T. tabaci thelytokous haplotype H1 was the most common, showing different heteroplasmy levels within and between the populations. In the field populations, a high frequency of heteroplasmic H1 individuals was associated with low precipitation, while all H1 individuals were also associated with high temperature and high relative humidity. In Uruguay, heteroplasmy was associated with arrhenotokous T. tabaci haplotypes, which were highly common in the North, pointing at specific adaptations leading to a faster population build-up. All this information may be instrumental for designing more precise integrated pest management techniques in both conventional and organic production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0314019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}