PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Decision factors for the selection of AI-based decision support systems-The case of task delegation in prognostics.","authors":"Kai Heinrich, Christian Janiesch, Oliver Krancher, Philip Stahmann, Jonas Wanner, Patrick Zschech","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision support systems (DSS) integrating artificial intelligence (AI) hold the potential to significantly enhance organizational decision-making performance and speed in areas such as prognostics in machine maintenance. A key issue for organizations aiming to leverage this potential is to select an appropriate AI-based DSS. In this paper, we develop a delegation perspective to identify decision factors and underlying AI system characteristics that affect the selection of AI-based DSS. Utilizing the analytical hierarchy process method, we derive decision weights for these characteristics and apply them to three archetypes of AI-based DSS designed for prognostics. Additionally, we explore how users' expertise levels impact their preferences for specific AI system characteristics. The results confirm that Performance is the most important decision factor, followed by Effort and Transparency. In line with these results, we find that the archetypes of prognostics systems using Direct Remaining Useful Life estimation and Similarity-based Matching best fit user preferences. Moreover, we find that novices and experts strongly prefer visual over structural explanations, while users with moderate expertise also value structural explanations to develop their skills further.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for pediatric chest x-ray diagnosis: Repurposing a commercial tool developed for adults.","authors":"Prerana Agarwal, Alexander Rau, Helen Ngo, Ambika Seth, Fabian Bamberg, Elmar Kotter, Jakob Weiss","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) tools to support radiological workflows is constantly increasing, yet dedicated solutions for children are largely unavailable. Here, we repurposed an AI-tool developed for chest radiograph interpretation in adults (Lunit INSIGHT CXR) and investigated its diagnostic performance in a real-world pediatric clinical dataset. 958 consecutive frontal chest radiographs of children aged 2-14 years were included and analyzed with the commercially available AI-tool. The reference standard was determined in a dedicated reading session by a board-certified radiologist. The original reports validated by specialized pediatric radiologists, were considered as second readings. All discordant findings were reanalyzed in consensus. The diagnostic performance of the AI-tool was validated using standard measures of accuracy. For this, the continuous AI output (ranging from 0-100) was binarized using vendor recommended thresholds recommended for adults and optimized thresholds identified for children. Relevant findings were defined as consolidation, atelectasis, nodule, cardiomegaly, mediastinal widening due to mass, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. 200 radiographs [20.9%] demonstrated at least one relevant pathology. Using the adult threshold, the AI-tool showed a high performance for all relevant findings with an AUC 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95) and. In stratified analysis by age (2-7 vs. 7-14-years-old) a significantly higher performance (p < 0.001) was found for older children with an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.98) with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 82.3% respectively, which further increased using optimized thresholds for children. Repurposing existing AI-tools developed for adult application to pediatric patients could support clinical workflows until dedicated solutions become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25(OH)D levels and mortality risk among middle-aged and elderly populations in the U.S.: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yaowen Hu, Faliang Gao, Yuan Yang, Wei Yang, Huibo He, Jie Zhou, Yujie Zhao, Xi Chen, Wenyan Zhao, Xiaopeng He","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly populations in the U.S.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018. A total of 22,130 participants aged 40-70 years were included. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured and categorized. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Multivariable-adjusted models and various statistical analyses were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (≤50.00 nmol/L) was 33.59%, and insufficiency (≤75.00 nmol/L) was 71.74%. For all-cause mortality, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) across different 25(OH)D levels (< 25.00, 25.00-49.99, 50.00-74.99, and ≥ 75.00 nmol/L) were 1.00, 0.78 (0.65, 0.93) p = 0.0069, 0.59 (0.49,0.72) p < 0.0001, and 0.54 (0.44, 0.66) p < 0.0001 respectively. Similar patterns were observed for CVD mortality. There was no significant difference in cancer mortality between the moderately deficient and severely deficient groups, but lower mortality was found in the insufficient and sufficient groups compared to the severely deficient group. An L-shaped association between serum vitamin D levels and mortality was identified. Subgroup analyses were consistent with the main findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are linked to lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. The relationship is nonlinear: increases in concentration reduce death risk below a certain threshold, but above it, the association weakens. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of anxiety and depression levels on the Big Five personality traits.","authors":"Fatma Tuygar Okutucu, Hacer Akgul Ceyhun","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression and burnout is quite high in medical students, and they differ in terms of personality traits and self-perception. The Big Five Model has embraced the idea of five basic personality traits: neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and personality perceptions may be affected by stress. We aimed to test whether there are changes in the Five-Factor Model personality traits of medical students in response to anxiety and depression levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among medical students. Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) were used respectively. The Five Factor Personality Inventory(FFPI) was used to evaluate the personality traits and to investigate their associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 900 students via e-mail and 733 data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety (n=233, 31.8%) and depression (n=184, 25.1%) were found to be high in medical students. History of psychiatric illness and suicide were significantly high in those with high anxiety and depression levels. In the correlation analysis, increasing anxiety and depression levels were positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. In the linear regression analysis, it was seen that both depression and anxiety positively influenced neuroticism and anxiety negatively influenced openness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent among medical students and had an impact on their personality traits. Depression had an impact on neuroticism, and anxiety had an impact on openness. However, these results should be confirmed with prospective cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0321373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter study on rates and risk factors of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a low-income economy.","authors":"Ogugua Ndubuisi Okonkwo, Martha-Mary Udoh, Olukorede Adenuga, Wilson Ovienria, Affiong Ibanga, Dennis Nkanga, Idris Oyekunle, Toyin Akanbi, Chineze Agweye","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the rate and identify risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in Nigerian patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study of consecutive RRD patients attending four ophthalmic clinics, recruited over a period of twelve months. Biodata, presenting complaints, symptom duration, best corrected visual acuity, extent of RRD, status of macular attachment, presence, and grade of PVR and fellow eye were assessed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 (Pearson Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's Exact test, and logistic regression analysis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>154 of 174 eyes with RRD were included in the final analysis, and 53/154 (34.4%) developed PVR. Twenty eyes (11.5%) had media opacity, and detailed retinal examination was not possible (diagnosed via B-scan ultrasound). 154 RRD was analyzed. Therefore, the rate of all PVR was53/154 (34.4%). Grades of PVR: Grade D: 27 eyes (50.9%), Grade C: 19 eyes (35.9%), Grade B: 5 eyes (9.4%), and Grade A: 2 eyes (3.8%). The rate of advanced PVR grades D + C is 46/154 (29.8%). Forty-six of 53 PVR eyes (86.6%) had vision 3/60 or less (p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with PVR were extremes of age, i.e., < 25 and >66 years (especially older age (>66 years)), previous intraocular surgery, longer symptom duration, and RD features including 4-quadrant involvement, total RD, macular involvement by RD, and presence of fellow eye RD. Gender, Myopia, and trauma were not risks for PVR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Previous reports of PVR rates in Nigerians may have been underestimated. A multi-pronged approach, including research into adjuvant pharmacotherapy, can reduce PVR rates and improve treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0316058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary report on the feasibility of regression-based alignment of diagnostic thresholds for harmonized use of international classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome.","authors":"Yukari Motoki, Risa Kaneshige, Yuichiro Fujieda, Kenji Oku, Eriko Morishita, Masahiro Ieko, Tatsuya Atsumi, Kiyoshi Ichihara, Junzo Nojima","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2023, international rheumatology societies issued new classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The criteria require scoring antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) titers as moderate or high using the traditional thresholds of 40U or 80U determined by \"standardized\" ELISA. With current popularity of non-standardized aPL assays (non-ELISA), we aimed to broaden the application of the criteria by estimating equivalent thresholds for them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four types of aPLs (aCL/aβ2GPI-IgG/IgM) were measured using six reagents in 50 APS and 50 non-APS patients. By regression analysis of measurements between standardized ELISA and non-ELISA assays, thresholds equivalent to 10, 20, 40 and 80U were estimated for each assay. Data points below the detection limit of each assay were excluded from the regression. The diagnostic thresholds were also evaluated using \"specificity-based\" method described by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). This approach allegedly estimates diagnostic thresholds that attain predefined specificities of 0.975 and 0.995 in distinguishing APS from non-APS cases, respectively corresponding to moderate and high titers. The between-assay concordance of diagnostic classification using the estimated thresholds was calculated as kappa coefficient (κ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using major-axis regression, thresholds equivalent to the traditional units (10 - 80U) were estimated for non-ELISA assays, which led to harmonized semi-quantitative classification with high κ values. Conversely, the specificity-based method yielded thresholds that dissociated from the traditional ones, particularly for IgG-isotype assays, resulting in lower κ values than regression-based method (P = 0.0039 - 0.0098).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The regression-based conversion of diagnostic thresholds is practical in harmonizing diagnostic classification across major aPL assays. The specificity-based method may need adjusted predefined-specificities to estimate thresholds that are equivalent to the traditional thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal effects of Ephedra foeminea aqueous extracts: Metabolomic characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking.","authors":"Giulia Bennici, Inas Al Younis, Abeer Sharfalddin, Mutaz Akkawi, Fuad Al-Rimawi, Khaled Sawalha, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Mariusz Jaremko","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ephedra foeminea Forssk. is a medicinal plant traditionally used across various cultures and recognized for its historical significance in herbal medicine. It has been used as an herbal infusion to treat multiple respiratory diseases, headaches, and nasal congestion, as well as to prevent and manage breast cancer. In order to evaluate the validity of this ancestral knowledge, we aimed to investigate hot aqueous extracts of E. foeminea branches and fruits firstly by using untargeted metabolomic analysis, characterizing the chemical profiles of hot aqueous extracts from E. foeminea branches and fruits through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, two in vitro studies were conducted to assess the anticancer and antioxidant potentials of the extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and a total phenolic content assay. Anticancer activity was evaluated by assessing cytotoxicity using the MTT assay on MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking was performed to explore the interactions between compounds identified in E. foeminea and selected cancer-related proteins, as well as the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that the branch extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the fruit extract, which was associated with a higher phenolic content in the branch extract (49.5 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g). The fruit extract exhibited greater cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, suggesting potential anticancer activity. Molecular docking analysis identified henryoside, guajavarin, and neohancoside as the most active compounds with anticancer and antiviral properties. These findings support the traditional use of E. foeminea Forssk. and highlight its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for further research into therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and bioactivity potential of marine sponges (Biemna fistulosa, Callyspongia diffusa, and Haliclona fascigera) from Kenyan coastal waters.","authors":"Teresia Nyambura Wacira, Huxley Mae Makonde, Joseph Nyingi Kamau, Christopher Mulanda Aura, Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0325642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sponges have been reported as a rich source of bioactive compounds, which could potentially be developed into lead compounds for pharmaceutical use. The present study aimed to identify sponges and assess the biological activity of their extracts against human disease-causing organisms, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Morphological characterization and DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene characterized three sponge species (Biemna fistulosa, Callyspongia diffusa and Haliclona fascigera). The Kirby-Bauer test assessed the antimicrobial activity of the extracts, and the inhibition zone diameters (IZD) were measured. The extracts were further subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests to determine the antibiotic susceptibility. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the organic compounds in the sponges' extracts. The methanolic extract of B. fistulosa (28.00 ± 3.5 mm) and H. fascigera. (28.33 ± 3.8 mm) exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against E. coli, surpassing the positive control (27.67 ± 0.9 mm). The inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extract of the C. diffusa (29.33 ± 2.4 mm) against P. aeruginosa was observed to be higher compared to the standard antibiotic streptomycin (26.67 ± 0.7 mm). The methanolic extract of H. fascigera demonstrated the lowest MIC (0.53 ± 0.0 mg mL-1) compared to the streptomycin drug (1.36 ± 0.0 mg mL-1), and showed an MBC of 1.25 mg mL-1 against E. coli. The GC-MS chromatogram data analysis identified 114 distinct compounds categorized into 39 classes across three sponge extracts: 11.4% of these compounds demonstrated documented antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. This study corroborates sponges as a promising source of bioactive compounds, which are valuable leads for drug discovery and development. Future research must explore their mechanisms, molecular-level toxicity, and lead optimization to enhance drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0325642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to psychiatric care in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kaleab Berhanu, Abayneh Birlie, Tizibt Fiseha, Yared Reta, Yohannes Gebreegziabhere","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathways to care are the steps individuals went through before finally consulting formal psychiatric services. In developing countries, people with mental disorders (PWMDs) often first consult traditional or religious healers, which may delay treatment. Although studies from different part of Ethiopia confirm this trend, factors influencing indirect pathways remain insufficiently explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify pathways to psychiatric care and factors associated with indirect pathways among PWMDs who received psychiatric care from Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 446 PWMDs and used the World Health Organization pathway to psychiatric care encounter form to elicit the pathways to psychiatric care. We conducted a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors significantly associated with indirect pathways.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Most of the PWMDs in the study (72.9%) went through indirect pathways. From sociodemographic characteristics, being in the age group between 41-50 years (AOR = 8.27; 95% CI (2.94, 23.18)) and over 50 years (AOR = 6.46; 95% CI (2.00, 20.82)), being female (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI (1.34, 4.73)), being primary school attendees (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI (1.20, 7.40)), being farmer (AOR = 13.00; 95% CI (3.11, 54.31)), and living in the same house with 4-8 people (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI (1.11, 6.95)) were found to be significantly associated with indirect pathways. While from clinical characteristics, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI (1.10, 6.50)) and anxiety (AOR = 3.94; 95% CI (1.37, 11.34)), perceived stigma (AOR = 5.86; 95% CI (3.00, 11.45)), and facing problems during the help-seeking process (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI (0.21, 0.90)) were found to be significantly associated with indirect pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population, PWMDs primarily used indirect pathways as their first point of contact. Several demographic and clinical factors were significantly associated with utilizing indirect pathways. This study has implications for reducing delays by enhancing psychiatric service integration and establishing effective referral systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphisms in MTNR1A (rs2119882) and CLOCK (rs1801260) genes are associated with facial acne susceptibility in gas station workers.","authors":"Yi Chi, Xueqin Yang, Donglin Deng, Peimao Li, Yingbiao Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between circadian rhythm gene polymorphisms, specifically MTNR1A rs2119882 and CLOCK rs1801260, and the risk of acne in an occupational population. MTNR1A encodes a melatonin receptor involved in circadian rhythm regulation, while CLOCK is a core transcription factor in the molecular circadian clock. Both genes are essential in maintaining hormonal balance, sleep-wake cycles, and inflammatory responses-factors closely associated with acne pathogenesis. A case-control study was conducted among 90 participants, comprising acne-affected workers (AAG), acne-free workers (AFG), and healthy control group (HCG). Peripheral blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted for genotyping of MTNR1A rs2119882 and CLOCK rs1801260 polymorphisms. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and occupational data were obtained via structured interviews. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between gene polymorphisms and acne risk, adjusting for relevant covariates. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings. In the overall population, no significant association was found between MTNR1A rs2119882 polymorphisms and acne risk. However, CLOCK rs1801260 polymorphisms showed a strong association with acne susceptibility. Under the dominant model, participants carrying the AG/GG genotypes exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing acne compared to those with the AA genotype (unadjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.27-11.31; adjusted OR = 5.08, 95% CI: 1.41-18.33). In the additive model, the risk of acne increased with additional G alleles (unadjusted OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.22-7.13; adjusted OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.25-9.81). Subgroup analysis among night shift workers revealed a significant association between MTNR1A rs2119882 and acne risk, such that carriers of the CC genotype exhibited increased susceptibility (adjusted OR = 3.97, p = 0.049). Moreover, individuals with AG/GG genotypes at CLOCK rs1801260 showed an even higher risk (OR = 4.96, 95% CI: 1.22-20.14). This study suggests that circadian rhythm gene polymorphisms, particularly CLOCK rs1801260, are associated with acne risk, especially in individuals working rotating night shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0329150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}