PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among pregnant women in Kenya: A multilevel data analysis of the 2022 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey.","authors":"Gebrie Getu Alemu, Dagnew Getnet Adugna, Amare Mesfin, Muluken Chanie Agimas, Lemlem Daniel Baffa, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay, Mekuriaw Nibret Aweke, Tewodros Getaneh Alemu, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329458","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron and folic acid deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) remains low in Kenya. Despite several studies on IFAS adherence in Kenya, they do not assess the national scope and clustering effects using advanced analytical models. Therefore, we aimed to assess IFAS adherence and its associated factors among pregnant women in Kenya using data from the 2022 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, which was obtained from the official Demographic and Health Survey program database. Weighted samples of 8,460 participants were used in the analysis. The study employed a multivariable multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Variables from the bi-variable model that had p < 0.25 were considered in the multivariable analysis. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariable model, and the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with its 95% CI was reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of IFAS among pregnant women in Kenya was 61.72% (95% CI: 60.68, 62.75). Women aged 20-39 years were 1.3 to 1.7 times more likely to adhere to IFAS during pregnancy, with the likelihood increasing steadily by age group. Moreover, primigravida [aOR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.41)], with a family size of ≥ 10 [aOR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.59, 0.90)], antenatal care visits ≥ 4 [aOR = 3.96 (95% CI: 1.91, 8.23)], first start of antenatal care at the third trimester of pregnancy [aOR = 0.30 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.62)], and with a higher level of education [aOR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.35, 1.90)] were statistically significant factors associated with adherence to IFAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Nearly two in five pregnant women didn't receive IFAS for the recommended periods. Factors such as maternal age, parity, antenatal visits, and education enhanced IFAS adherence, whereas large family size and starting antenatal care in the third trimester of pregnancy reduced adherence. Therefore, the community, government, and non-governmental organizations should enhance adherence by implementing customized interventions on the factors identified as positive and negative associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact assessment for just transition of protein production systems.","authors":"Harpinder Sandhu, Amie Sexton, Priyambada Joshi, Lee Recht, Ayon Chakraborty, Sukhbir Sandhu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328789","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the impacts of protein production systems is necessary to plan the just transition of food systems. We analysed 285 studies to assess the impacts of 13 protein systems across 25 indicators under five key categories-natural capital, human capital, social capital, produced capital and governance. Nine protein systems (regenerative, organic, rangelands, free-range poultry, sustainable energy cultivated meat, conventional energy cultivated meat, mixed grains and livestock, pastoralists and plant-based) have overall positive impacts across all five categories. In comparison, four protein systems have negative impacts (small-scale beef, caged poultry, industrial pork, and confined feeding operations). We then used this in-depth assessment to develop five 'what if' future scenarios to track and assess the transition of protein production systems to 2050. Rapid reduction of industrial production may contribute to a just and inclusive transition of protein production systems. This assessment can help reduce risks associated with negative impacts and assist in governing and managing protein production systems towards long-term sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0328789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between physical activity level and cardiovascular disease: An empirical analysis based on CHARLS data in 2018.","authors":"Haiwei Li, Liang Luo, Jing Zhang, Yanhao Zhao, Peipei Cheng, Dan Liu, Liwei Guo","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329232","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was a global public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity level (PAL) and CVD among middle-aged and older adults in China, to provide evidence to inform strategies for CVD prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The diagnosis of CVD was based on self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease or stroke, while PAL were classified using calculations derived from a structured questionnaire. Both datasets were obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for the primary correlation analysis. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was employed to examine the potential nonlinear association between PAL and CVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final analysis included 9,015 participants, 1,069 of whom were diagnosed with CVD, yielding a prevalence of 11.86%. After adjusting for all covariates, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the moderate PAL group (600-3000 MET-minutes/week) and the high PAL group (>3000 MET-minutes/week) were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.97) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.87), respectively, compared to the low PAL group (<600 MET-minutes/week). Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant linear relationship between PAL and CVD (nonlinear P > 0.05), indicating that the OR for CVD decreased with higher levels of PAL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a negative correlation between PAL and the prevalence of CVD. Furthermore, our findings suggested that middle-aged and older adults should maintain moderate to high levels of physical activity, as this was associated with a lower risk of CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of gram-positive bacteria from urinary tract infection: A four-year retrospective study in a tertiary health setting in southern Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullah M Alkahtani, Abdulah J Alqahtani, Abdulaziz Alamri, Mohammed Mushabab Assiry, Mona Elfaki, Yahya Mohammed Shabi, Mohamed E Hamid","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328042","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem causing significant health-related and economic losses. Gram-positive causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually underestimated or overlooked by physicians.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among major gram-positive bacteria from UTIs in a tertiary care health hospital in southern Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional retrospective study was done in a tertiary health setting in southern Saudi Arabia between 2019 and 2022, to identify the major gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic resistance. Data were collected from the hospital records and was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common gram-positive species were Enterococcus faecalis (44.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.1%), and Enterococcus faecium (12.9%), beta-hemolytic streptococci (8.4%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1.8%). The 1540 isolates showed an overall susceptibility of 71.0%, compared to a resistance of 29.0%. The most resistance was among Enterococcus faecium (54.5%), Enterococcus gallinarum (42.4%), Enterococcus faecalis (34.3%), and MRSA (27.2%). The most common resistance was to erythromycin (75.7%), followed by cefotaxime (73.9%), tetracycline (70.5%), ciprofloxacin (54.3%), and Synercid (53.6%). The prediction model indicates an increase in the prevalence of resistance in MRSA and, to a lesser extent, with E. faecalis, E. faecium, and beta-hemolytic streptococci.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant gram-positive species, surpassing Staphylococcus aureus. Almost remarkable resistance was observed to most of the antibiotics that are frequently used in the study area, mainly erythromycin, cefotaxime, and tetracycline. Performing continuous monitoring of drug susceptibility may help with the empirical treatment of bacterial agents in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0328042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium-induced impairment in growth, photosynthetic apparatus and redox regulation in green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) plant attenuated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate.","authors":"Md Tanveer Hussain, Md Sabibul Haque, Md Fazle Rabbi, Hafsa Tasnim, Md Asiful Haque, Arnab Saha, Akm Golam Sarwar, Md Nesar Uddin, Md Alamgir Hossain","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329373","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hazardous Cadmium (Cd) contamination in vegetables from anthropogenic Cd-abundant agroecosystems is a decisive threat to plants and human health. This study examined the prospective roles of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating Cd-induced toxic effects in green amaranth plants. The seeds of green amaranth (cv. Ghretokanchan) plant were primed with SA (100 and 250 µM) and MeJA (2.5 and 5 µM) and 21-d-old seedlings were set in six conditions under a hydroponic system: (i) Control, (ii) Cd (10 µM CdCl2·H2O), (iii) Cd with 100 µM SA, (iv) Cd with 250 µM SA, (v) Cd with 2.5 µM MeJA, and (vi) Cd with 5.0 µM MeJA. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design having three replications. Cd exposure for three weeks markedly impaired plant growth, pigment contents, leaf gas exchange, and photosystem-II efficiency; increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels indicating induced oxidative stress; and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes. However, seed priming and supplementation of SA and MeJA significantly remediated these Cd-mediated adverse effects. Compared to Cd-alone treatment, 100 and 5 µM of SA and MeJA considerably improved total dry weight by 45% and 94%, respectively whereas leaf MDA and H2O2 levels were substantially reduced by 100 µM SA (37% and 14%) and 5 µM MeJA (35% and 21%). An extensive activity of antioxidants and considerable reduction in Cd uptake and translocation from medium-root-shoot was apparent due to the supplementation of SA and MeJA. The study effectively optimized the levels of SA and MeJA for the improvement of Cd tolerance based on metal uptake, morpho-physiology, and redox regulation, and concludes that either 100 µM SA or 5 µM MeJA could be used for the alleviation of Cd-toxicity in green amaranth plants in Cd-contaminated soils through further field trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comprehensive analysis of bioinformatics and system biology reveals the association between Girdin and hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329658","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315534.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fluorescent reporter plasmids for single-cell and bulk-level composition assays in E. faecalis.","authors":"Kelsey M Hallinen, Keanu A Guardiola-Flores, Kevin B Wood","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329532","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232539.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetic nano adsorbent for removal of metal ions.","authors":"Mutairah S Alshammari, Marwa M El-Tyieb, Mariam E Fawzy, Eida S Al-Farraj, Hussein M Ahmed","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329686","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a result of global urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals are one of the hazardous contaminants facing the world. The adsorption process using agricultural wastes can achieve one of the sustainable development goals for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Moringa and tea extracts were utilized to synthesize iron nanoparticles for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Se2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+). This method offers a sustainable substitute for conventional chemical wastewater treatment methods. Furthermore, the use of magnetic iron nanoparticles reduces the need for extra separation processes by making it simple to separate the adsorbent from the treated waste using a magnetic field. Various techniques were employed to characterize the prepared nanoparticles, such Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline phase of alpha-FeNPs in the synthesized nanoparticles. The EDX analysis verified the presence of oxygen and iron in the nanoparticles, indicating that the iron was in an oxide form. This study aimed to investigate the removal of heavy metals using nano-magnetic composites of moringa (FeNPs-M) and tea (FeNPs-T). To assess the effectiveness of the FeNPs-M several parameters were tested, including pH, contact time, initial concentration, and nanoparticle dosage. The results indicated that the efficiency of FeNPs-M was significantly higher than that of FeNPs-T for the removal of heavy metals from synthetic solutions, achieving removal efficiency are 96.5% 99.71%, 96.73%, 93.16%, and 91.83% of Cu2+, Pb2+, Se2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+, respectively, when using FeNPs-M, while the removal efficiency are 96.36%, 93.40%, 79.83%, 78.6%, and 77.77% of Cu2+, Pb2+, Se2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+, respectively, 25 °C, with a contact time of 45 min, a pH of 3.0, concentration 3.0 mg/L, a sorbent dose of 0.8 g/L, and 200 rpm at 25 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and numerical simulation of a semi-cast-in-situ synthetic material sports surface on shock absorption performance optimization.","authors":"Hong Wang, Pan Zhang, Weitao Zheng, Gan Liu, Yong Ma, Rui Han","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329393","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent issue of moisture-induced \"heave\" in synthetic sports surfaces can affect athlete safety and surface performance. The objective of the study was to design an innovative synthetic material athletic track structure that mitigates adhesive failure between the synthetic layer and the cement base due to underground moisture. The new structure ensures field safety and meets biomechanical requirements for performance and shock absorption. Numerical simulation methods are employed to analyze the shock absorption performance of the synthetic material track and field facility, incorporating the new structure, and subsequently to propose optimization strategies for the structural design. The optimal structure adopted a circular casting hole design, with a cast-in-situ surface layer thickness of 12 mm, a prefabricated surface layer thickness of 6 mm, a hole diameter of 45 mm, and a hole spacing of 80 mm arranged in a square pattern. The results indicated that the proposed structure not only met the required standards for shock absorption, but also offered a promising solution to the issue of moisture-induced \"heave\" prevalent in traditional sports surfaces. The study provided important theoretical support and practical guidance for the scientific and efficient construction of athletic tracks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0329393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long lasting effects of perinatal exposure to the Chlorpyrifos pesticide on sleep, breathing, and neuroinflammation in adult mice.","authors":"Elena Miglioranza, Laura Rullo, Sara Alvente, Stefano Bastianini, Dario Coraci, Viviana Lo Martire, Loredana Maria Losapio, Gabriele Matteoli, Camilla Morosini, Emilia Volino, Alessandro Silvani, Roberto Rimondini, Sanzio Candeletti, Patrizia Romualdi, Giovanna Zoccoli, Chiara Berteotti","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328581","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-life exposure to environmental stressors may increase the risk of disease later in life. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used pesticide and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can cross the placental barrier and can be found in breast milk, leading to excessive cholinergic stimulation. Acetylcholine is involved in sleep and respiratory regulation. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether perinatal CPF exposure affects sleep-related breathing together with promotion of neuroinflammatory processes in adulthood. To explore these effects, CPF (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered orally to dams from mating to weaning. The offspring were not directly treated. At 17-18 weeks of age, male and female offspring underwent electroencephalographic and electromyographic electrode implantation to monitor sleep-wake cycles. Recordings were conducted over 48 hours in home cages, and for 7 hours in a plethysmographic chamber to assess sleep-related breathing pattern. At the end of recordings, hippocampal tissues were collected for gene expression analysis via real-time PCR. Results revealed that CPF perinatal exposure increased sighs and apneas during sleep in adult mice, especially in female. Additionally, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was upregulated while expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor genes was downregulated in the hippocampus of female mice born to CPF-treated dams. These findings suggest that perinatal CPF exposure can induce long-lasting alterations in sleep-related respiratory patterns and hippocampal inflammatory responses, with a sex-specific susceptibility-females being more affected. This highlights the perinatal period as a critical window of vulnerability to environmental toxicants such as pesticides. The results support the hypothesis that adult sleep and brain inflammation phenotypes may be modulated by early-life chemical exposures during pregnancy and lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 8","pages":"e0328581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}