PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Barriers to cleaning of shared latrines in slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329218","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0329218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickness absence rates in NHS England staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from multivariate regression and time series modelling.","authors":"Ewan McTaggart, Itamar Megiddo, John Bowers, Adam Kleczkowski","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0323035","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0323035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic placed immense strain on healthcare systems worldwide, with NHS England facing substantial challenges in managing staff illness-related absences amid surging treatment demands. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on sickness absence rates among NHS England staff is crucial to developing effective workforce management strategies and ensuring the continued delivery of healthcare. In this study, we use publicly available data to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sickness absence rates among NHS England staff between June 2020 and 2022. We begin with a data analysis to indicate the temporal patterns of sickness absence in NHS England staff between January 2015 and September 2022 inclusive. We then develop multivariate linear regression models to estimate COVID-19-related sickness absences. Indicators of COVID-19 activity, such as positive tests, hospitalizations, and ONS incidence, were incorporated. Furthermore, we use Seasonal ARIMA time series models to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on mental health-related absence. Our analysis highlights increases in sickness absence rates which coincide with the arrival of COVID-19 in England, and continue to rise throughout the pandemic. High periods of COVID-19 activity strongly correlated with staff absence, and the main categories driving the dynamics were COVID-19-related or mental health absences. We demonstrate that sickness absences in these two categories can be estimated accurately using multivariate linear regression (F(2, 15) = 132.63, [Formula: see text], adj [Formula: see text] =93.9%) and Seasonal ARIMA time series models, respectively. Moreover, we show that additional indicators of COVID-19 activity (positive tests, hospitalisations, ONS incidence) contain helpful information about staff infection pathways. This study offers insights into the dynamics of healthcare staff absences during a pandemic, contributing to both practical workforce management and academic research. The findings highlight the need for tailored approaches to address both infectious disease-related and mental health-related absences in healthcare settings during future health crises and opens new avenues for research into healthcare system resilience during crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0323035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on energy evolution and crack propagation of filling mortar-rock at different loading rates.","authors":"Hanqiu Wang, Chengyong Liu, Yuyi Wu, Yuhua Guan, Tongde Zhao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0327902","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0327902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shotcrete, as a highly efficient reinforcement material widely used in geotechnical engineering, demonstrates irreplaceable advantages in projects such as tunnel excavation, mine roadway support, and slope protection. However, when shotcrete becomes tightly bonded with rock masses, the energy evolution and crack initiation mechanisms between the two materials exhibit remarkable complexity. Different loading rates significantly alter the internal stress distribution and deformation characteristics within the composite system, thereby influencing the patterns of energy evolution and crack propagation. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the mechanical behavior of filling mortar-rock under varying loading rates. Firstly, uniaxial tests with four loading rates were conducted for the composite specimens, and the effects of loading rate on the mechanical parameters, energy evolution and fracture modes were analyzed. The results show that the mechanical parameters of the composite decrease with the rise of loading rate, and the decrease reaches the maximum when the mortar strength is M20. All three types of energies decreased exponentially with increasing loading rate. The decrease reaches the maximum at a mortar strength of M40. Subsequently, a damage model applicable to the composite specimens was established based on the development rules of the dissipated energy and the compaction coefficient. Finally, PFC2D was used to simulate and analyze the specimens with mortar grade of M30 to investigate the crack propagation and stress evolution process at four loading rates. The results show that tensile stress is the causative factor of crack propagation. The cracks first appeared at the interface, and were mainly distributed on both sides of the specimen after cracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0327902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Healthy Homes Study: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a place-based smoke-free home intervention in affordable housing.","authors":"Mark R Hawes, Deepalika Chakravarty, Jing Cheng, Margaret A Handley, Janice Y Tsoh, Tracy Kuo Lin, Robert A Hiatt, Maya Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328786","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Comprehensive clean air policies reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco and cannabis smoke, as well as nicotine aerosols, and improve health outcomes. However, these policies often do not apply to the eight million residents of multiunit affordable housing, many of whom are from minoritized populations. One strategy to promote smoke-free living environments is to increase the voluntary adoption of no-smoking rules in the home.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe the protocol for the Healthy Homes study-a wait-list cluster randomized controlled trial of a smoke-free home intervention for affordable housing residents. The intervention was adapted from a prior version using the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model and the Behavior Change Wheel. We will enroll 544 residents at 48 affordable housing sites across Northern California. Sites will be randomized to intervention or wait-list control. Resident participants will receive a one-hour coaching session on how to adopt a smoke-free home. Housing staff will be trained as lay health workers to provide brief cessation coaching. Residents and staff will complete follow-up visits at 3 and 6 months. The intervention will be delivered in English, Spanish, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), and Vietnamese. The primary resident outcome is voluntary adoption of a smoke-free home for 90 days or more at 6 months. The secondary outcome is carbon monoxide-verified point prevalence tobacco abstinence. For lay health workers, the primary outcome is change in Smoking Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices scores. We will assess cost-effectiveness and use the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to evaluate implementation outcomes, including characteristics of successful adopters and multilevel drivers of behavior change.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Expanding access to smoke-free affordable housing is critical for reducing racial and ethnic health inequities. This study has the potential to support voluntary smoke-free home adoption, increase quitting, and reduce secondhand smoke exposure among affordable housing residents.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06170437.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of maternal versus paternal imprisonment on their children's health: A scoping review.","authors":"Naomi Gadian, Abigail Dunn, Donna Arundel, Sara Morgan, Paula Harriott, Lucy Wainwright, Emma Plugge","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329131","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329131","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Rates of imprisonment for both women and men are high in England and Wales yet no official records report the number of people in prisons who are parents. Reports suggested 54% of people in prison have children under the age of 18 years which is estimated to affect 312,000 children annually. Research has examined the impact of parental imprisonment on their children, but little is known about the health and wellbeing outcomes for children who experience maternal versus paternal imprisonment. The Prison Reform Trust reported only 9% of children live with their father at the time of their mother's incarceration, whilst 75% of children live with their mother at their father's incarceration. The aim of this scoping review was to review the published evidence about the health impacts of maternal versus paternal imprisonment to enable a better understanding of the differential impacts on affected children and to identify where gaps in the evidence remain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping review was used to address how do the physical, mental and behavioural health, along with healthcare service use differ between children who experience their mother being imprisoned, compared to those who experience their father being imprisoned. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PyschINFO, Web of Science, Delphis and IBBS. The search yielded 9,773 results, which after screening and removal of duplicates, resulted in 20 papers being included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All included papers compared data relating to outcomes for children who had experienced maternal or paternal imprisonment to children with no parental imprisonment, and three compared maternal to paternal imprisonment. Eighteen used populations in the United States of America and of these, thirteen used data from two studies. Having experienced either parent being in prison results in considerable impacts on the health of children, as well as their support networks and the stigma they encounter. The findings comprised of four main categories of health: physical health, mental health, behavioural health and healthcare service use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;This review highlighted how atomised the study designs and study populations were in addition to the varied findings about the impact of maternal and paternal imprisonment on children. The sparsity of literature resulted in challenges addressing the original study question about how health and wellbeing outcomes differ for children experiencing maternal versus paternal imprisonment and no clear conclusions can be drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;There is limited understanding about the impact of maternal or paternal imprisonment on their children's health and behaviour, despite the substantial implications their imprisonment has and the stigma. It is important to consider that the absence of clear significant findings, does ","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0329131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Interpretable multimodal classification for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329294","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311811.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0329294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Based Gait Analysis Interpretation Tools (EB-GAIT) treatment recommendation and outcome prediction models to support decision-making based on clinical gait analysis data.","authors":"Michael H Schwartz, Andrew G Georgiadis","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328036","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clinical gait analysis (CGA) has historically relied on clinician experience and judgment, leading to modest, stagnant, and unpredictable outcomes. This paper introduces Evidence-Based Gait Analysis Interpretation Tools (EB-GAIT), a novel framework leveraging machine learning to support treatment decisions. The core of EB-GAIT consists of two key components: (1) treatment recommendation models, which are models that estimate the probability of specific surgeries based on historical standard-of-practice (SOP), and (2) treatment outcome models, which predict changes in patient characteristics following treatment or natural history. Using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), we developed and validated treatment recommendation models for 12 common surgeries that account for more than 95% of the surgery recorded in our CGA center's database. These models demonstrated high balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. We used Shapley values for the models to enhances interpretability and allow clinicians and patients to understand the factors driving treatment recommendations. We also developed treatment outcome models for over 20 common outcome measures. These models were found to be unbiased, with reliable prediction intervals and accuracy comparable to experimental measurement error. We illustrated the application of EB-GAIT through a case study, showcasing its utility in providing treatment recommendations and outcome predictions. We then use simulations to show that combining recommendation and outcome models offers the possibility to improve outcomes for treated limbs, maintain outcomes for untreated limbs, and reduce the number of surgeries performed. For example, under the counterfactual situation where femoral derotation osteotomies are administered only when they align with historical standard of practice (&gt; 50% probability of surgery) and are predicted to improve the Gait Deviation Index (change &gt; 7.5 points), the model predicts a 11 percentage point reduction in surgeries (26% limbs currently, 15% limbs simulated), a 6 point improvement in Gait Deviation Index among treated limbs (6 currently, 12 simulated), and no change in Gait Deviation Index for untreated limbs (2 currently, 2 simulated). EB-GAIT represents a significant step toward precision medicine in CGA, offering a promising tool to enhance treatment outcomes and patient care. The EB-GAIT approach addresses the limitations of the conventional CGA interpretation method, offering a more structured and data-driven decision-making process. EB-GAIT is not intended to replace clinical judgment but to supplement it, providing clinicians with a second opinion grounded in historical data and predictive analytics. While the models perform well, their effectiveness is constrained by historical variability in treatment decisions and the inherent complexity of patient outcomes. Future efforts should focus on refining model inputs, incorporating surgical details, and pooling data ","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Menstrual hygiene practices among high school girls in urban areas in Northeastern Ethiopia: A neglected issue in water, sanitation, and hygiene research.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329125","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0329125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and morphological alterations in breast tissue of transgender patients undergoing dihydrotestosterone therapy.","authors":"Jinho Lee, Maryam Foroughi, Vanderlene Kung, Rabeka Ali, Saachi Parikh, Ann McMonigal, Yun Yu, Austin Nguyen, Gabriel Zangirolani, Lina Gao, Joanna Pucilowska, Ozlen Saglam","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0325034","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0325034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many patients undergoing gender-affirming surgery (GAS) opt for reconstructive procedures rather than total mastectomy to achieve a more masculine chest contour. The impact of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment on breast tissue remains unclear. This study evaluates the morphological changes and protein expression levels in breast tissue associated with hormonal and molecular pathways in patients receiving short-term or long-term DHT treatment before GAS. A total of 230 breast tissue samples were categorized into three groups: nontreatment, short-term treatment (STT, < 12 months), and long-term treatment (LTT, ≥ 12 months). Paired samples (n = 33) were stained for estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR). NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) analysis was conducted on a subset (n = 17), including two incidental breast cancer (BC) cases. Among morphological parameters assessed, atrophy and secretory changes differed significantly among groups. In the LTT group, ER-alpha expression was elevated in lactiferous ducts, while AR H-scores were higher in both STT and LTT groups. ER and AR expression levels were strongly correlated in the STT and LTT groups (r = 0.93-0.99). DSP analysis revealed increased ER expression in the treated groups and higher AR expression in peripheral lobules of the LTT group (log2FC = 1.3, p = 0.03). Ki-67, CDK6, and CD45 levels decreased in the LTT group, while INPP4B and BCL6 increased. DHT treatment leads to significant morphological and molecular changes in both benign and cancerous breast tissue. Altered expression of biomarkers such as INPP4B and CD45 in the LTT group and breast cancer samples suggests a potential role in BC development, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0325034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of estimated glucose disposal rate with kidney stones in U.S. non-diabetic adults and possible mediating mechanisms: NHANES 2009-2020.","authors":"Haowen Liang, Ying Wei","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328576","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0328576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney stone formation has been linked to insulin resistance (IR). However, the association between the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) - a novel surrogate marker for IR - and kidney stone occurrence in non-diabetic adults remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2009 and 2020 who self-reported a history of kidney stones. To assess the relationship between eGDR and kidney stones, we applied a range of statistical methods, including weighted proportions, multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, subgroup analysis, and mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final analysis included 8,051 participants, of whom 8.71% reported a history of kidney stones. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that, compared to the lowest eGDR quartile, the fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for kidney stone in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.87 (0.61-1.26), 0.54 (0.34-0.85), and 0.46 (0.28-0.77), respectively. The RCS plot indicated a significant non-linear inverse association between eGDR and kidney stone risk. ROC curve analysis showed that the association between eGDR and the risk of kidney stones was more pronounced compared to the other five IR indicators, as evidenced by a higher area under the curve. Mediation analysis identified albumin (ALB) and red cell distribution width (RDW) as partial mediators in the association between IR and kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research results indicate that lower levels of eGDR are associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones in non-diabetic adults. Furthermore, ALB and RDW may partially mediate the relationship between IR and kidney stones.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0328576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}