PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptor does not contribute to atherosclerosis in male or female ApoE-knockout mice.","authors":"Nicole L Svedberg, Wenxi An, Sorelle Tan, Iris Z Jaffe","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360618","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young women have a lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) compared to age-matched men, protection that is lost with aging or obesity. There are sex differences in human plaque histopathology, where male plaques are more inflamed and female plaques have more smooth muscle cell (SMC) content. The hormone aldosterone activates the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to regulate gene transcription. Elevated aldosterone is seen with obesity and associates with significantly increased incidence of MI. Cell-type specific knockout (KO) of MR reveals a role for endothelial cell and myeloid MR in atherogenesis and plaque inflammation in male, but not in female, mice. SMC-KO of the MR did not impact plaque phenotype in male mice, but female mice have never been studied. Thus, the role of SMC-MR in atherosclerosis was tested for the first time in female mice, directly comparing male and female littermates to identify potential sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Atheroprone male and female mice with SMC-specific MR deletion were generated by crossing ApoE-KO mice to MRflox/flox×SMA-Cre-ERT2+/- mice to generate ApoE-KO/SMC-MR-KO and ApoE-KO/SMC-MR-intact littermate controls. Significant knockdown of MR mRNA expression was confirmed in aorta from male and female littermates in this model. After 8 weeks high fat diet (HFD), SMC-MR-KO did not impact aldosterone levels, blood pressure, fasting glucose and cholesterol, or body weight, although males weighed significantly more than females. Atherosclerotic plaque size and phenotype were characterized histologically in aortic root sections. SMC-MR-KO did not significantly impact aortic root plaque area in male or female mice, although females had larger plaques than males. Analysis of Oil-Red-O-stained aortic root sections revealed no significant sex or genotype difference in the percentage of the plaque made up of necrotic core or neutral lipids. Analysis of Masson's Trichrome-stained sections showed no impact of SMC-MR-KO on the percentage of the plaque composed of fibrosis. Finally, immunofluorescent staining of aortic root sections showed no impact of SMC-MR-KO on the percentage of the plaque that was positive for smooth muscle actin or Mac2, neither of which differed significantly by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In ApoE-KO mice fed HFD for 8 weeks, SMC-MR-KO does not impact traditional cardiovascular risk factors or atherosclerotic plaque size or plaque composition in early atherosclerosis in either sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of revised antral follicle count threshold on PCOS diagnosis: A comparative clinical study.","authors":"Saloni Kamboj, Neena Malhotra, Reeta Mahey, Taruna Arora, Aditi Goyal, Snigdha Soni, Anshu Jyoti, Spondita Banerjee, Rintu Kutum","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0358554","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0358554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical impact of the revised antral follicle count (AFC) threshold on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional observational study including women diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, stratified by AFC: 12-19 (low AFC) and ≥20 (high AFC). Clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters were compared against controls and amongst low and high AFC group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 336 PCOS women, 208 (62%) had an AFC between 12 and 19 and would not meet the revised ≥20 follicle threshold for the diagnosis of polycystic morphology. These women had worse metabolic and androgenic profiles than controls, and were similar to the high AFC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excluding low AFC women may misclassify patients who require clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0358554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-aware intrusion detection systems: A sustainability-driven approach to network security.","authors":"Abdullah Alshammari","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0355453","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0355453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has intensified network security challenges. Simultaneously, growing computational demands raise critical concerns about energy consumption and environmental sustainability. This paper proposes a Green-Aware Intrusion Detection System (GA-IDS) integrating sustainability metrics with machine learning to balance detection performance and energy efficiency. The framework employs a lightweight convolutional neural network optimized for resource-constrained platforms with dynamic power management and adaptive computational scaling. A novel carbon-conscious scheduling algorithm dynamically adjusts model complexity based on real-time grid carbon intensity. Experimental evaluation on CICIDS2017, NSL-KDD, and ToN-IoT datasets demonstrates 98.7% detection accuracy with 43% energy reduction compared to traditional deep learning-based IDS. The carbon-aware scheduler reduces emissions by 58.7% during high-carbon grid conditions without compromising detection quality. Comprehensive ablation studies validate component contributions, and comparative analysis against ten state-of-the-art approaches confirms GA-IDS achieves the highest Green Efficiency Score (0.0796), demonstrating superior balance between security performance and environmental responsibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0355453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-based computational prioritization of Emodin-8-glucoside as a candidate ligand for the VEGFR1 kinase domain in the context of placenta previa.","authors":"Deniz Inan, Sinan Karageçili, Nouman Ali","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0345201","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0345201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placenta previa is a serious obstetric condition associated with abnormal placental implantation and hemorrhagic complications, for which no targeted pharmacological therapy is established. This study applied an integrated structure-based computational workflow to explore the intracellular VEGFR1 kinase domain as a candidate molecular target. Twenty-one phytochemicals were screened using AutoDock Vina and MOE, with Emodin-8-glucoside consistently prioritized among the highest-ranked compounds. Redocking of the co-crystallized ligand 8ST reproduced its experimental pose with a heavy-atom RMSD of 1.465 Å. Comparative 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations showed persistent binding-site association of Emodin-8-glucoside and the 8ST control. End-point energy estimates were method dependent, with MM-GBSA yielding a negative mean estimate while MM-PBSA yielded a near-zero estimate with substantial variability. DFT analysis produced a HOMO-LUMO gap of 0.13204 Hartree (approximately 3.59 eV). SwissADME and ProTox 3.0 identified low gastrointestinal absorption, P-glycoprotein substrate behavior, high polarity, and several predicted toxicity liabilities. Overall, Emodin-8-glucoside represents an in-silico-prioritized exploratory candidate requiring biochemical, selectivity, placental-cell, and pregnancy-safety validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0345201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of wooden beams at Herodium palace-fortress: Modeling tree-felling events and their implications on site chronology.","authors":"Lior Regev, Roi Porat, Avner Botosh, Yakov Kalman, Johanna Regev, Eugenia Mintz, Uzi Leibner, Elisabetta Boaretto","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0352580","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0352580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The site of Herodium is best known for its impressive, well-preserved palace fortress, built by Herod the Great, towards the end of the 1st century BC. The site's conical shape, artificially created to transform it into Herod's monumental burial complex, is clearly seen from afar. The impressive preservation of wooden beams and posts at the site has allowed for a rigorous radiocarbon study of the beams' felling dates and their potential implications for the timing of construction activities at the site. A total of 24 14C measurements were performed on specific growth rings from 11 beams and posts, associated with six (sub) phases at the site. This level of detail, combined with Bayesian modeling and sensitivity testing of potential seasonal offsets, has revealed that the wood used at the site originates from four main tree-felling events. Apparently, the first event might have been as early as Alexander Jannaeus's time, in the first quarter of the 1st century BC - a period not currently identified in the archaeological record at the site. The second reflects an extensive supply of wood, felled during the period corresponding to the beginning of the main phase of Herod's massive construction activity (40-30 BC, approximately), followed by a possible third felling event towards the end of Herod's life or shortly after. The fourth felling event was identified in beams used during the Bar-Kokhba revolt in 132-136 AD. However, the beams were felled several decades earlier, around 100 AD, between the Great Revolt (66-71 AD) and the Bar-Kokhba one, in a period characterized by limited documented occupation, indicating that the wood was used several decades after the trees were felled. The origin of some of those beams is probably from the extensive gardens Herod planted at the site.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0352580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for functional recovery in individuals with hereditary spastic paraplegia: Protocol for a pilot clinical trial.","authors":"Vivek K Pandey, Holly M Elliott, Amara G Sharp, Emma S Ballenger, Zamiar Karianne, Parag Gad, Rich Cohn, Aaron G Taylor, Emanuela Piermarini, Peter W Baas, Samir P Patel, Sara S Salles, Zakari R Dymock, Michael A Samaan, Rahul Sachdeva","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359948","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive lower-extremity spasticity, weakness, and gait impairment resulting from corticospinal tract degeneration. With no disease-modifying therapies available, novel strategies to improve motor function are needed. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation approach that may improve motor function but has not been prospectively evaluated in HSP. This study will assess the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of repeated tSCS in adults with HSP.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>This prospective, open-label, single-arm pilot trial will enroll 15 adults with HSP. Participants will receive 16 tSCS sessions over 8 weeks targeting the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral levels, followed by an 8-week follow-up. Outcomes will assess gait performance, spasticity, disease severity, mobility, walking endurance, muscle strength, 3D gait biomechanics, electromyography, and HSP-specific patient-reported measures. Exploratory blood-based neurodegenerative biomarkers and metabolomic and lipidomic profiles will investigate potential biological correlates of treatment response. Assessments will occur at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 16. Feasibility and safety will be evaluated through recruitment, retention, adherence, and adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0359948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A data-driven approach.","authors":"Sander C J Verfaillie, Anouk Verveen, Denise Visser, Pythia Nieuwkerk, Brent Appelman, Ronald Boellaard, Caroline M van Heugten, Janneke Horn, Hanneke E Hulst, Menno D de Jong, Tanja A Kuut, Tessa van der Maaden, Yvonne M G van Os, Maria Prins, Johanna M A Visser-Meily, Michele van Vugt, Cees C van den Wijngaard, Bart N M van Berckel, Jos A Bosch, Nelleke Tolboom, Hans Knoop","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359844","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is important to determine whether the persistent cognitive and fatigue complaints, as part of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), are associated with underlying patterns and specific symptoms clusters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate symptom clusters and clinical phenotypes in PASC. We included n = 153 individuals (53 years old, 66% female, 2 years post SARS-CoV-2 infection) categorized into groups with (n = 88) and without (n = 65) PASC, defined by severe fatigue and concentration problems using validated cut-offs. Symptom clusters (i.e., component loadings and component scores) were identified using principal component analyses (PCA, eigenvalue[EV]>1.0), using clinical, somatic, coping and sleep factors, symptom severity, neuropsychological and physical tests (totalling 19 tests and questionnaires). We then used logistic regression techniques on (participant-level) component scores (standardized) to investigate associations with PASC. Finally, K-means clustering methods to identify clinical phenotypes. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, nationality and time since infection. PCA identified 5 components, explaining 70% of the variance. We labelled these components as follows: (1) PEM, ME/CFS and sleep symptoms, coping factors (EV = 7.0, 36.9% variance), (2) information-processing speed (EV = 2.5, 13.3%), (3) executive functioning (EV = 1.5, 8.0%, (4) physical performance (EV = 1.2, 6.5%), (5) somatic comorbidities and hospital admission (EV = 1.0, 5.5%). Logistic regression showed that only the first component scores (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 97.1 [16.5-570.3], p < 0.001,), and none of the others (all p > 0.05), associated with PASC. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct clinical phenotypes among individuals with severe chronic fatigue: one marked by physical impairment and the other by diminished cognitive performance. Consistent with existing literature, we confirmed that PASC is a heterogeneous syndrome marked by extensive, interrelated symptoms. Notably, we identified specific cognitive and physical clinical phenotypes. These findings are important for future targeted diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0359844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating microRNAs as potential candidate biomarkers of left ventricular reverse remodeling after myocardial infarction: A pilot study.","authors":"Roksana Gozdowska, Marcin Konopka, Anna Hojka-Osińska, Grzegorz Jas, Katarzyna Czarzasta, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska, Wojciech Braksator, Dominika Klimczak-Tomaniak, Marek Kuch","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360414","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial infarction (MI) induces cardiac remodeling and lead to heart failure. Some patients experience reverse remodeling, characterized by improved LV function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a crucial role in remodeling processes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the role of miRNAs in cardiac reverse remodeling after MI and identify candidate miRNAs that could predict better response to cardiac rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 39 patients following their first MI. For final analysis, 10 patients meeting echocardiographic criteria for LVRR at 8-week follow-up (absolute LVEF increase ≥ 10% or LVESV reduction ≥ 15%) were matched with 10 patients with stable LV status (SLVS). All patients completed a cardiac rehabilitation program. Expression of 375 circulating miRNAs was quantified - those with higher baseline accumulation in the LVRR group were identified as candidate biomarkers and their target genes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty patients (mean age 57 ± 9 years) were analyzed. At baseline, the SLVS group exhibited significantly higher LVEF compared to the LVRR group (53% vs. 44%, p = 0.013). Baseline regional contractility impairment in all LVRR patients was reversed in 70% of them at follow-up. Fourteen miRNAs (-15b-5p, -24-3p, -29c-3p, -99b-5p, -127-3p, -146a-5p, -199a-3p, -361-5p, -502-5p, -625-5p, -376c-3p, -18b-5p, -342-5p, and -429) were identified as candidate LVRR biomarkers. Enrichment analysis linked their targets to PI3K-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, and HIF-1 pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies 14 candidate miRNAs as LVRR biomarkers post-MI. These findings highlight the biological relevance of non-coding RNA and support the need for further research and validation in large, non-pooled cohorts.</p><p><strong>Unstructured abstract: </strong>Myocardial infarction triggers adverse cardiac remodeling, though some patients achieve left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR), marked by functional and structural recovery. This pilot study investigated 39 patients to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that predict positive responses to cardiac rehabilitation. Comparing 10 LVRR responders against 10 stable patients, we quantified 375 miRNAs via RT-qPCR. At baseline, the stable group had higher ejection fractions (53% vs. 44%, p = 0.013), but 70% of LVRR patients reversed regional contractility impairment by the 8-week follow-up. We identified 14 potential biomarkers, including novel candidates (miR-502-5p, miR-376c-3p, and miR-18b-5p), whose target genes enrich pathways like PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and FoxO. These findings bridge the gap between preclinical data and clinical settings, highlighting the therapeutic potential of non-coding RNAs in cardiac reverse remodeling and necessitating further validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial infections and antibiotic susceptibility in children with sickle-cell anemia on malaria chemoprevention using Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) or Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Uganda.","authors":"Winnie Nambatya, Moses Ocan, Grace Ndeezi, Dennis Kalibbala, Ritah Namusoosa, Freddie Bwanga, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Joanita Kirikumwino, Alisen Ayitewala, Isaac Ssewanyana, John Ssenkusu, Robert Opoka, Feiko O Ter Kuile, Kamija S Phiri, Bjarne Robberstad, Richard Idro","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0340838","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0340838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Over 300,000 babies are born annually with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite malaria chemoprevention and early penicillin prophylaxis, these children develop febrile illnesses. The effect of malaria chemoprevention regimens on the incidence of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance is unclear. We assessed incidence of bacterial infections and resistance patterns in children with SCA receiving weekly DP or monthly SP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was nested in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing weekly DP with monthly SP. Participants were children aged 6 months to 15 years with SCA, followed every two months for a median of 14.7 months (IQR 11.2-18.2) and evaluated at all sick visits. Blood cultures were obtained for episodes of fever (axillary temperature >38℃) and processed using the BD BACTEC automated system. Bacterial identification was by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina DNA Prep Kit, and antimicrobial resistance genes were characterized using AMRFinderPlus. Analyses were conducted in STATA 18.0 and limited to Ugandan participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 725 enrolled participants, 437 were from Uganda (221 DP; 216 SP). The mean (SD) age was 7.3 (3.8) years, and 52.4% were male. Pathogenic bacteria were rarely isolated, including Escherichia coli (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Streptococcus agalactiae. (1), and Enterococcus faecalis (1). The cumulative incidence of bacterial growth over 22 months of follow-up was 2.3% (95% CI: 1.12-4.73). Children with positive cultures tended to have higher fevers and more hospitalizations. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. Multiple resistance genes were identified, including plasmid-mediated sulfonamide resistance via sul2 in both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pathogenic bacteria were infrequently isolated from Ugandan children with SCA receiving malaria chemoprevention. The presence of sul2 indicates the possibility of plasmid-mediated sulfonamide resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0340838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide resistance status predetermines behavioural responses and oviposition fitness in Anopheles coluzzii.","authors":"Ehimwenma Aghahowa, Victor N Enwemiwe, Eric Esiwo, Precious O Edhebe, Sarah E Ifeta, Chioma C Ojianwuna","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360986","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioural resistance is one of the major public health challenges facing planned vector control strategies involving insecticides. Understanding the behaviour of mosquitoes holistically when exposed to insecticides could be key to adding up to the fight against resistance. This study evaluated the behavioural responses and oviposition fitness of male and female Anopheles coluzzii exposed to selected pyrethroids, including lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), and DDT (4%). Male and female mosquitoes, aged three to five days, were exposed in eight replicates to selected insecticides for 60 minutes. Susceptibility to insecticide exposure was assessed in a total of 2,000 mosquitoes (eight replicates of 25 per sex per insecticide, across three insecticides), while behavioural assays used resistant and unexposed cohorts of 15 mosquitoes per replicate, in triplicate, for three insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, and DDT). Resistant male and female mosquitoes were separated in holding buckets, tagged, sugar-fed, and kept to acclimatize for 1 hour before further exposure for the behavioural study. Square-shaped containers connected by a pipe into an H-shape were used for the experiment. Resistant mosquitoes (n = 15) were exposed to different chambers with insecticide-treated paper (WITP) and without insecticide-treated paper (WOITP) in triplicate. A similar experiment was done for unexposed mosquitoes. The flight efficiency, resting efficiency, repellency, landing, and biting efficiency of mosquitoes were recorded. Sex crossing between exposed and unexposed mosquitoes was done, and oviposition fitness was assessed. Flight efficiency of resistant mosquitoes WITP increased (mean 3.00-30.5) whereas WOITP decreased (mean 2.00-0.50) significantly (p < 0.0001). Resting efficacy WITP decreased (mean 12.50-0.00) while WOITP increased (mean 11.50-13.50) significantly (p < 0.0001). Repellency WITP decreased (mean 14.00-0.00), while WOITP did not follow a regular pattern. Likewise, landing and biting did not follow a regular pattern. Unexposed female mosquitoes had the highest blood meal (mean of 11.5). The highest ovipositioning was recorded in unexposed males and females (mean of 0.33), but no ovipositioning was recorded in other crosses (mean of 0.00). Insecticide exposure induces both behavioural avoidance and reproductive impairment in resistant Anopheles coluzzii, emphasizing the importance of incorporating behavioural endpoints into resistance monitoring programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}