PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Explainable classification of goat vocalizations using convolutional neural networks.","authors":"Stavros Ntalampiras, Gabriele Pesando Gamacchio","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient precision livestock farming relies on having timely access to data and information that accurately describes both the animals and their surrounding environment. This paper advances classification of goat vocalizations leveraging a publicly available dataset recorded at diverse farms breeding different species. We developed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture tailored for classifying goat vocalizations, yielding an average classification rate of 95.8% in discriminating various goat emotional states. To this end, we suitably augmented the existing dataset using pitch shifting and time stretching techniques boosting the robustness of the trained model. After thoroughly demonstrating the superiority of the designed architecture over the contrasting approaches, we provide insights into the underlying mechanisms governing the proposed CNN by carrying out an extensive interpretation study. More specifically, we conducted an explainability analysis to identify the time-frequency content within goat vocalisations that significantly impacts the classification process. Such an XAI-driven validation not only provides transparency in the decision-making process of the CNN model but also sheds light on the acoustic features crucial for distinguishing the considered classes. Last but not least, the proposed solution encompasses an interactive scheme able to provide valuable information to animal scientists regarding the analysis performed by the model highlighting the distinctive components of the considered goat vocalizations. Our findings underline the effectiveness of data augmentation techniques in bolstering classification accuracy and highlight the significance of leveraging XAI methodologies for validating and interpreting complex machine learning models applied to animal vocalizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0318543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in attitudes of mental health care staff surrounding the implementation of peer support work: A qualitative study.","authors":"Guillermo Ruiz-Pérez, Madeleine Küsel, Sebastian von Peter","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The integration of Peer Support Workers (PSWs) in mental health settings may encounter resistance due to the attitudes of Mental Health Workers (MHWs). At the same time, PSWs may initiate changes in the attitudes, as well as in the larger institutional culture. This paper addresses the question of which changes happen and how they occur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work is part of the ImpPeer-Psy5 study, funded by the German Innovation Fund, which examines the nationwide implementation of PSWs in health insurance-funded mental health care. Data were derived from two qualitative sub-studies: QUAL1encompassed 57 problem-centered interviews conducted with PSWs, MHWs working together with PSWs, and service users; QUAL2 consisted of one focus group and five interviews only with MHWs. Qualitative data were analyzed using a modified thematic analysis adapted to a collaborative research approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main findings included that working with PSWs makes MHWs better integrate lived experience insights into their caregiving, pay more attention to life contexts, advance towards a more appreciative language, use diagnostic categories more flexibly, and show more openness towards their own affectedness. These changes are reported to be mediated by the simple presence of PSWs, their \"role model\" function for other staff, or more direct forms of feedback and critique.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, staff attitudes changed as a result of reflexive processes induced by their interactions with PSWs. This poses a dilemma as changes in MHWs and larger institutions are expected to occur prior to the implementation of peer support work to facilitate their integration. Further research is needed to evaluate whether and how staff training can facilitate the implementation of PSWs by targeting MHWs' attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0319830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive model for left ventricular reverse remodeling after pharmacological therapy in children with recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Yong Han, Suyuan Qin, Cheng Chen, Danyan Su, Yusheng Pang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacological advances have improved pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) prognosis, which manifests as left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). However, significant inter-individual variability exists in therapeutic response. Identifying predictors is critical for individualizing management to inform device and transplant timing.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a nomogram for predicting LVRR in pediatric DCM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 146 children hospitalized for DCM from January 2012 to June 2023. 55 exhibited LVRR. A nomogram predicting pediatric DCM-LVRR was developed using univariate analysis and logistic regression to select predictors. The nomogram was validated via bootstrapping and receiver operating characteristic curves for discrimination. Calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Decision curve analysis evaluated performance and utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension Z-score, and QRS interval were associated with the occurrence of LVRR. Discrimination was high (C-index 0.903) and internally validated on bootstrapping with 1000 repetitions (Adjusted C-index 0.895). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed no significant deviation between nomogram predictions and outcomes (χ2 =  10.883; P =  0.207). DCA revealed that the model was clinically useful at threshold probabilities > 4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed and internally validated a nomogram predicting LVRR for pediatric DCM patients, exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity and clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0321126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophysical assessments and blood profiling reveal physiological adaptations and environmental interactions of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha).","authors":"Saeed Anwar, Abdul Kader, Smrity Kona Debnath, Faria Jarin, Abu Saleh Mohammad Sayem, Md Faruque Miah","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) is a migratory fish of great economic and cultural importance in Bangladesh. However, its physiological adaptations to diverse environmental conditions are not well understood. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the biophysical, hematological, and biochemical characteristics of hilsa shad from riverine, estuarine, and marine environments in Bangladesh. We sampled 180 adult fish from nine sites, revealing significant habitat-specific variations in water quality, with marine sites showing the highest levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and specific conductance. Hematological analysis showed that fish from riverine environments had higher hematocrit values, which are crucial for oxygen transport during migration. Post-spawning fish exhibited elevated hemoglobin, RBC counts, and hematocrit levels, reflecting adaptations to the metabolic demands of migration and spawning. WBC counts were higher in females, particularly in estuarine and marine environments, suggesting a stronger immune response to environmental stressors. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant variations in liver enzyme activity, albumin, and cortisol levels, with elevated cortisol in riverine fish during spawning season, indicating heightened stress. These findings enhance our understanding of hilsa shad's physiological ecology, providing critical insights for conservation and management strategies amid environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of cDNA library of Dalbergia odorifera induced by low temperature stress and screening of low temperature tolerant genes.","authors":"Shaocui Li, Xia An, Fayong Li, Yining Chen, Xiaowen Li","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To systematically analyze the gene function of Dalbergia odorifera, the seedlings of D. odorifera were treated with low-temperature stress for 6 h. Total RNA was extracted from a mixture of seedling roots, stems, and leaves, and a low-temperature-induced D. odorifera yeast cDNA expression library was constructed. The library volume was 1.032 × 108 CFU, and the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) identification of the library bacterial fluid showed that the amplification was around 1000 bp, with a single randomly distributed band, indicating that the library had been recombinantly inserted into the pYES2 vector. The GO (Gene Ontology) analysis showed that the library genes were mainly involved in metabolic and stress signaling pathways. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the genes were primarily related to energy and metabolic pathways. Twenty-one genes were screened or obtained at -20°C for low-temperature tolerance. In addition, the organ expression profiles of the candidate genes were analyzed based on RNA-seq data, and the expression profiles of the candidate genes under low-temperature stress were also examined. The construction of the yeast library provides genetic resources for the analysis of the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance of D. odorifera, which is important for comprehending and utilizing the genetic resources of D. odorifera.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0318935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors for readmission due to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Yueju Cai, Xiaolan Li, Ping Wang, Yanyan Song","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause of hospital readmission among neonates, but the factors contributing to post-discharge readmission remain unclear. Our study aimed to identify predictive factors associated with readmission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study included 421 neonates born at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation with hyperbilirubinemia between January and December 2021. The neonates were divided into a readmission group and a control group, and logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors associated with readmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 421 neonates studied, 32 (7.6%) were readmitted. Logistic regression analysis identified preterm birth (<37 weeks), ABO hemolysis, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) level at discharge as significant predictive factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Additionally, a decrease in birth weight was significantly linked to an increased risk of readmission (OR = 0.998, P = 0.013), although the effect size was relatively small.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonging hospitalization and implementing robust post-discharge monitoring may be essential for neonates with prematurity, ABO hemolysis, G6PD deficiency, or elevated TSB levels at discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enhanced amygdala-anterior cingulate white matter structural connectivity in Sahaja Yoga Meditators.","authors":"Oscar Perez-Diaz, Daylín Góngora, José L González-Mora, Katya Rubia, Alfonso Barrós-Loscertales, Sergio Elías Hernández","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301283.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0321765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of an intelligent management platform for home medication for children with leukemia.","authors":"Dahui Zhong, Yang Liu, Lin Mo, Li Zhang, Xuelan Shen, Qiumeng Xiang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0320790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to establish an intelligent management platform for home medication for children with leukemia and verify its efficacy in enhancing home medication compliance in children with leukemia using intelligent approaches.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children with leukemia who were treated in a hospital in Chongqing, China, between January and April 2022 were enrolled. The user intentions and requirements for an intelligent management platform for home medication were analyzed for both the patient and their family, leading to the establishment of an intelligent management platform with multiple ports. Children with leukemia who were at the maintenance stage of the treatment during July-December 2023, were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. For medication management, hard copies of chemotherapy records and regular outpatient follow-up data were collected from both groups. For the experimental group, data were also acquired from the intelligent management platform. The self-efficacy in rational medication, rate of missed/incorrect administration, and unplanned admission rate of the two groups were assessed after three months of intervention. The usage efficiency of the platform was also evaluated in children and caregivers in the experimental group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intelligent management platform for home medication for children with leukemia comprised a patient-end WeChat applet, a medical staff-end WeChat applet, and a Web management end, with each applet having distinct functions. After three months of intervention, the self-efficacy score in rational medication of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (33.93 vs. 30.03, P <  0.05). Furthermore, the rate of missed or incorrect administration of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (10% vs. 26.76%, P <  0.05). The rates of unplanned admission of the two groups did not differ significantly (P >  0.05). Moreover, the overall satisfaction of the experimental group of children and caregivers with the proposed platform was 94.29%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed management platform for home medication for children with leukemia was associated with increased self-efficacy in the rational medication of these children and a reduced missed/incorrect administration rate, thereby providing an effective approach for more accurate and safer home medication for these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0320790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Toward better drivability: Investigating user preferences for tip-in acceleration profiles in electric vehicles.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0321684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311504.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0321684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic freedom index effects on inbound tourism in European countries: A spatial analysis.","authors":"Sakar Hasan Hamza, Qingna Li, Mohsen Khezri","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the significance of economic freedom in tourism dynamics, especially from a spatial standpoint, its nuanced influence remains unexplored mainly in current research. To fill this gap, our study introduces a novel spatial panel data analysis to investigate how various components of the economic freedom index affect tourist arrivals in 41 European countries from 2005 to 2018. By employing this innovative approach, we uncover the complex interdependencies between economic freedom and tourism and highlight the significance of regional economic characteristics on the tourism sector's health. Our findings reveal that a one percent increase in GDP per capita of neighboring nations corresponds to a 0.4 percent increase in tourist arrivals to the home country. In comparison, a similar rise in neighboring countries' prices leads to a 0.4 percent decrease in inbound tourists. Most economic freedom variables, including the Business Freedom Index, Investment Freedom Index, Labor Freedom Index, Trade Freedom Index, and Government Integrity Index, demonstrate statistically significant positive effects. However, a one percent increase in the Monetary Freedom Index of neighboring countries results in a 0.747 percent reduction in homebound tourists. Notably, enhancements in the country's and neighboring countries' Investment Freedom Index and Government Integrity Index contribute to increased arrivals. This research contributes to the broader understanding of economic policies' impact on tourism, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to leverage economic freedom for tourism development. The application of a spatial panel data approach marks a significant methodological advancement in tourism studies, opening new avenues for analyzing economic influences on tourism at a regional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0316133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}