PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Effects of rumen-protected or unprotected Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, rumen fermentation, immunity and antioxidation in fattening goats.","authors":"Caixia Zhang, Jiyu Han, Hairong Wang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0330512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics have been suggested to promote growth and immune performance in animals through long-term feeding. Among probiotics, Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) has been shown to have varying effects on the growth of ruminants. However, the impact of rumen-protected C. butyricum on ruminant organisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rumen-protected and rumen-unprotected C. butyricum on the growth and plasma metabolites of fattening goats after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. A total of 24 fattening goats, aged 7-8 months, were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) control (CON); (2) unprotected C. butyricum (CB); and (3) rumen-protected C. butyricum (RPCB). After a 10-week feeding experiment (including two weeks of preparatory experiments), the goats were injected subcutaneously with LPS (1 μg/kg BW). The three treatments did not significantly affect growth performance, digestibility, or antioxidant enzyme activity (P > 0.05). However, the RPCB group showed a greater ability to reduce propionic acid (35.8%) in the rumen (P < 0.01) than did the CB group, thus alleviating the decrease in rumen pH (CB = 5.93, RPCB = 6.13, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the β-oxidation products in the plasma increased in both the CB and RPCB groups (P < 0.01). The difference in the fecal flora between the CB and RPCB groups was limited, but the content of harmful bacteria in the feces of the other two groups decreased compared with that in the CON group (P < 0.01). Unprotected C. butyricum increased the concentration of IgM after LPS injection (P < 0.01). 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate (KAPA) can serve as a biomarker for the effect of C. butyricum on the body. Overall, although rumen-protected C. butyricum could alleviate the decrease in rumen pH, our results suggest that direct feeding of C. butyricum could help improve the immune performance of fattening goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0330512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of stretch on conduction in myelinated nerve due to wrist movement: An experimental and analytical study.","authors":"Sabrina Sharmin, Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal, Zaid Bin Mahbub, Khondkar Siddique-E Rabbani","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0333925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on related measurements by others, an earlier publication suggested increased nerve conduction velocity (NCV) with stretch in myelinated fibers, an anomaly based on existing knowledge, and hypothesized that widening of narrow zigzag gaps between structures of interdigitated Schwann cell processes at the node affected saltatory conduction to produce this increased NCV. A new nodal resistance Rne between the axonal membrane and extracellular fluid was introduced into the century old cable theory. Later, a direct and careful measurement of ulnar NCV across a 10 cm segment around the elbow by another publication appeared to support the suggestion of increased NCV with stretch. However, in order to eliminate the possibility of slacks of ulnar nerve in the upper arm affecting the measurements, the present work was taken up on a shorter 5 cm segment which again supported the suggestion, increasing confidence in the Rne hypothesis. Furthermore, wrist flexion or extension was also observed to affect the ulnar NCV at the elbow to some extent, revealing a new phenomenon. While attempting to formulate an analytical treatment of Rne, the earlier work found it very challenging as the physical structure was extremely complex. Proposing an alternative physical model to simulate the variation in Rne suggested earlier, the current study presents an analytical treatment that relates Rne and a corresponding effective resistivity value to increases in stretch, and relates these quantitatively to stretch values based on the measured values of NCV. This then provided the basis of a quantitative analysis which could be useful for future research. While appreciating that other microstructures in the node at or near the axonal membrane may also contribute to the observed anomaly, but lack of direct experimental evidence related to nerve stretch tends to weigh more on the Rne hypothesis in explaining the anomaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0333925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing cactus pear pruning residuals as sustainable growing media for containerized basil (Ocimum basilicum L:) cultivation.","authors":"Nicolò Auteri, Filippo Saiano, Riccardo Scalenghe, Alessandra Carrubba, Mauro Sarno","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing interest in sustainable and cost-effective options for containerized plant cultivation has driven research into the use of agricultural by-products and waste as alternative growing media. Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) pruning residuals, abundant in Mediterranean regions, represent a potential renewable resource. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of cactus pear pruning residuals, enriched with calcium (Ca²⁺), iron (Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺) ions, as a growing medium for basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivation, with a focus on plant growth. From pots under greenhouse conditions, growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, number of leaves), chlorophyll content (SPAD), phosphorus availability in substrates (Olsen), and volatile compounds in leaves (HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS) were measured. Results suggest that incorporation of Ca- and Fe-enriched substrates significantly improved basil growth, with leading to better nutrient assimilation and higher growth metrics (plant height +23%; number of leaves +17%; leaf area +67%) compared to the untreated cactus pear substrate. Plants grown in Fe-enriched substrates exhibited increased plant height (+14%), leaf area (+48%), and number of leaves (+14%), along with improved phosphorus availability, compared to Ca2+ enrichments. The addition of 5% Fe3+ enriched cactus pear to the substrate resulted in increased plant height (+20%), number of leaves (+22%), and leaf area (+29%) compared to the control. Cactus pear pruning residuals, when enriched with Fe3+, show significant promise as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional growing media for basil cultivation, particularly in Mediterranean environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between auditory processing disorder and articulation disorders.","authors":"Safa Alqudah, Lama Al-Rashed, Lelas Mansi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0333016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Auditory processing disorder (APD) may attribute to certain speech problems, as auditory processing plays a vital role in phonetic development during childhood. This research investigates the incidence of APD in individuals with misarticulations of the /r/, /s/, /k/, /θ/, /dʒ/, and /q/ speech sounds. These sounds represent different places of articulation, manners of articulation, and phonation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 51 participants with articulation disorders aged 6-18 years underwent conventional peripheral assessments, including otoscopic examination, immittance measurement, and audiometry. Central auditory processing was also evaluated using a battery developed by Frank Musiek.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Central auditory processing evaluations revealed abnormalities in 37 of 51 participants (72.55%). Correlations between various sound misarticulations and APD were identified: 69.5% for /r/, 40% for /s/, 80% for /k/, 100% for /θ/ and /q/, and 83.3% for /ʤ/.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The correlation between articulation disorders and APD varies depending on the specific sound affected. Further research is needed to establish clearer associations between different articulation disorders and APD. These findings underscore the importance of assessing central auditory system function in patients with articulation disorders before initiating speech therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0333016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and quorum sensing interference of a cysteine- and arginine-deleted linear Tachyplesin analog (CRDT) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Sirijan Santajit, Techit Thavorasak, Thida Kong-Ngoen, Nawannaporn Saelim, Thapani Srisai, Pisinee Aiumurai, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Nitaya Indrawattana","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has driven the search for novel antimicrobial agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Tachyplesin I (TP-I), a β-sheet antimicrobial peptide isolated from horseshoe crab hemocytes, is known for its broad-spectrum activity but is limited by the presence of cysteine-rich disulfide bonds. In this study, we evaluated two synthetic analogs: CDT (Cysteine-Deleted Tachyplesin I) and CRDT (Cysteine- and Arginine-Deleted Tachyplesin Analog), designed to simplify the structure and reduce production cost while maintaining or enhancing bioactivity. The antimicrobial efficacy of CDT and CRDT was assessed against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. CRDT demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, with enhanced membrane-disruptive effects visualized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), especially in P. aeruginosa. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between CRDT and key QS regulators-SarA in S. aureus, and LasR in P. aeruginosa-supporting its ability to interfere with bacterial communication systems, while qRT-PCR analysis showed significant downregulation of QS-related genes (agrA, sarA, hla, algD and pelA). These findings suggest that CRDT not only exhibits direct bactericidal activity but also interferes with QS-mediated communication, making it a promising candidate for the development of dual-action antimicrobial therapeutics targeting both bacterial viability and virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of competitions in different fields through graphs under bipolar picture fuzzy environment.","authors":"Waheed Ahmad Khan, Hajra Begum, Trung Tuan Nguyen, Minh Hoan Pham, Hai Van Pham","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0329192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in the theory of fuzzy graphs have led to many extensions for modeling real-world problems involving uncertainty. Among these, competition graphs are crucial for representing competitive and ecological systems. In this study, the notion of bipolar picture fuzzy competition graphs, along with several generalizations including bipolar picture fuzzy k-competition graphs, p-competition graphs, and m-competition graphs are introduced. Several characteristics of these newly established graphs are investigated. We also explore their structural properties and apply the models to real-world competitive scenarios using computational frameworks. A comparative study is conducted to demonstrate the improved efficiency of the proposed models over existing approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0329192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Hematological changes in the blood of experimental male and female albino rats on exposure to pesticide, dimethoate.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321848.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and internal validation of multimodal machine learning models for predicting eligibility for mechanical thrombectomy in suspected stroke patients using routinely collected clinical and imaging data.","authors":"Arjun Agarwal, Nirman Bharti, Tamaghna Ghosh, Satish Golla, Navpreet K Bains, Rashi Chamadia, Dennis Robert, Preetham Putha, Adnan I Qureshi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) eligibility for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients depends upon clinical and advanced imaging assessments like CT perfusion (CTP). Assessment complexities and limited access to advanced imaging investigations are known challenges. We developed machine-learning models using routinely collected clinical and imaging data to predict MT eligibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age, National-Institutes-of-Health-Stroke-Scale-Score (NIHSS), last-known-well-time (LKWT), noncontrast-CT (NCCT) scan and CT-angiography (CTA) report from consecutive cohort of 260 AIS-suspected patients treated at a stroke centre during Apr'20 to Dec'23 were retrospectively collected. 160 underwent MT for anterior-circulation large vessel occlusion (LVOa); rest were MT ineligible. MT eligibility was determined based on clinical and imaging investigations including CTP during routine-care. The dataset was split into train:test sets (50:50 split). A commercially available artificial-intelligence algorithm calculated infarct volume and ASPECT score (ASPECTSq) from the NCCTs. We developed two supervised models using Gradient-Boosting-Machines. MODEL1 utilized age, NIHSS, LKWT, ASPECTSq and infarct volume as inputs; MODEL2 additionally included the presence/absence of LVOa as input. The target/response variable used for our supervised learning methods was whether the patients were MT eligible or not as determined during routine-care. Performance of the models were investigated using the test set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 130 patients (mean age ± standard-deviation: 67.4 ± 14.2 years; 61 males) in test set, 80 (61.5%) were MT eligible; rest were ineligible. The area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristics-curve, sensitivity and specificity of MODEL1 were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67-0.85), 85% (75.6-91.2) and 60% (46.2-72.4), respectively. They were 0.92 (0.88-0.96), 82.5% (72.7-89.3) and 82% (69.2-90.2), respectively, for MODEL2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The models showed promising results, demonstrating that NCCT, potentially with CTA, could be sufficient for MT eligibility determination. Such models can enable faster referrals of patients to higher centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-stage framework with soft-label distillation and spatial prompting for image-text retrieval.","authors":"Ran Jin, Zhengang Li, Fang Deng, Yanhong Zhang, Min Luo, Tao Jin, Tengda Hou, Chenjie Du, Xiaozhe Gu, Jie Yuan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0333084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision-language pre-training (VLP) methods have significantly advanced cross-modal tasks in recent years. However, image-text retrieval still faces two critical challenges: inter-modal matching deficiency and intra-modal fine-grained localization deficiency. These issues significantly impede the accuracy of image-text retrieval. To address these challenges, we propose a novel dual-stage training framework. In the first stage, we employ Soft Label Distillation (SLD) to align the contrastive relationships between images and texts by mitigating the overfitting problem caused by hard labels. In the second stage, we introduce Spatial Text Prompt (STP) to enhance the model's visual grounding capabilities by incorporating spatial prompt information, thereby achieving more precise fine-grained alignment. Extensive experiments on standard datasets show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in image-text retrieval.The code and supplementary files can be found at https://github.com/Leon001211/DSSLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0333084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing oral health equity through community service-learning and person-centered care in Ontario: patient and provider perspectives.","authors":"Abbas Jessani, Giuliana Gadoni Giovanni Borges, Jacqueline Torti, Zachary Hollingham, Trixie Patricia Vos, Natasha Roden, Sarah McLean","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the influence of the Community Service-Learning (CSL) program at Schulich Dentistry on the experiences and perceptions of patients and healthcare providers (HCP) at the Oxford County Community Health Centre (OCCHC) in Ontario, Canada. The CSL program aimed to address the oral health needs of equity-deserving populations and provide dental learners with experiential, community-based training. A qualitative research methodology using a Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) framework was employed. Data was collected through one-on-one interviews with 21 patients and six HCPs at the OCCHC. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. As a result, five main themes were identified, with overlap between patients and HCPs. Two major themes emerged from the interviews with patients (1) challenges and barriers to dental care and (2) enhanced access to dental care through the CSL program; highlighting stigma and discrimination due to public dental insurances and low socioeconomic status. From the HCPs' perspectives, (3) person-centred care was the main identified theme, emphasizing the importance of understanding patients' individualized circumstances and social determinants of health when providing dental care. Additionally, common themes between patients and HCPs were also identified as (4) supportive environment and (5) patient empowerment and self-confidence. In conclusion, the CSL program addressed the oral health needs of equity-deserving patients by improving patient access to dental care while increasing patients' self-esteem and confidence through a person-centred care approach. These findings highlight the importance of community-integrated models of dental care in addressing oral health inequities and training future dental professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 10","pages":"e0334089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}