PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Concurrent TMS-EEG to characterise interhemispheric signal propagation over the motor and prefrontal regions: An independent replication of GABAB receptor mechanisms.","authors":"Jie Zhou, Yiting He, Chenxia Jin, Chen Yang, Yazhen Han, Yujun Wang, Zhen Zhen, Zhimin Huang, Shuyan Shi, Xianwei Che, Jiqing He","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360250","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Callosal abnormalities disrupt interhemispheric communications that impair the recovery of a series of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Understanding interhemispheric communication could help identify treatments for disorders with dysfunctional callosal transmission. This study aimed to validate the sensitivity of a TMS-EEG-based measure of interhemispheric signal propagation (ISP) to GABAB receptor modulation, while independently replicating the pharmacological mechanisms of interhemispheric inhibition. A group of 29 participants received an oral dose of either baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, or a placebo. Before and after drug intake, single-pulse TMS-EEG was applied to assess ISP in both the motor and prefrontal regions. Our findings indicated that baclofen increased interhemispheric inhibition over the motor region, indexed by significantly decreased ISP (p = 0.037). No significant effect was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal region (p = 0.186), suggesting regional specificity in GABAB receptor modulation of ISP. These findings uncovered the pharmacological mechanisms of interhemispheric inhibition as indexed by ISP. They also highlight the potential of ISP for characterising interhemispheric communication, which could inform the treatment for a series of disorders with dysfunctional callosal transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived AIGC saturation and AI content fatigue on short-video platforms: An appraisal-based structural equation modeling study.","authors":"Zedai Wang, Chao Tang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360731","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) is increasingly embedded in short-video platforms, where algorithmic recommendation systems expose users to high volumes of rapidly produced synthetic media. Although prior research has examined generative AI from the perspectives of creativity, productivity, and technology adoption, less is known about how ordinary users evaluate repeated exposure to AI-generated short videos. This study develops and tests an appraisal-based model of AI content fatigue, distinguishing perceived AIGC saturation from users' appraisals of low-quality prevalence, narrative homogenization, and content overload. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese short-video users in May 2026. After excluding invalid responses, 513 valid questionnaires were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The adjusted structural model showed acceptable fit to the data, χ²(1321) = 1991.541, χ²/df = 1.508, CFI = .946, TLI = .929, IFI = .947, and RMSEA = .031. Perceived AIGC saturation was positively associated with perceived low-quality prevalence, perceived narrative homogenization, and perceived content overload. Perceived low-quality prevalence had the largest estimated coefficient, followed by perceived content overload, whereas perceived narrative homogenization was not supported under bootstrap inference. AI content fatigue was negatively associated with satisfaction and continued viewing intention. Bootstrap analyses indicated selected path-specific indirect associations from perceived AIGC saturation to AI content fatigue, satisfaction, and continued viewing intention. Indirect pathways through perceived low-quality prevalence and perceived content overload were supported, whereas those through perceived narrative homogenization were not. The findings indicate that fatigue in AIGC-rich short-video environments is not simply a response to AI-generated content itself. It is more closely related to users' appraisals of content quality, repetitiveness, and cognitive burden. The study contributes to social media fatigue research by conceptualizing AI content fatigue as a content-specific evaluative state and offers implications for platform governance, AIGC labeling, recommendation diversity, and quality-sensitive moderation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BTSR-Net: Boundary-topology guided structural refinement for high-resolution remote sensing image segmentation.","authors":"Ziheng Wang, Wu Wang, Zhe Hu, Yang Li, Kejia Ma","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360524","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing imagery in complex urban scenes often suffers from insufficient modeling of boundary neighborhoods, causing ambiguity near class interfaces and weakening the continuity of elongated structures. To address this issue, we propose a Boundary-Topology-Guided Structural Refinement Network (BTSR-Net). Built upon HRNet-OCR, BTSR-Net introduces a Geometric Boundary-Distance Branch (GBD) with joint boundary-distance supervision to capture spatial transitions around class boundaries, a Multi-scale Topology-Guided Structural Fusion (MTSF) module to enhance connectivity representation of elongated structures, and a dual-stream structural refinement mechanism to perform local residual correction within a boundary-distance-defined refinement narrow-band. Experiments on the ISPRS Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets demonstrate improvements in overall segmentation accuracy, boundary quality, and structural connectivity. On Potsdam, BTSR-Net achieves 84.70% mIoU, 43.17% mBIoU, and 81.63% clDice, exceeding the baseline by 2.91, 5.66, and 3.74 percentage points, respectively. On Vaihingen, it achieves 93.94% mIoU, 73.90% mBIoU, and 95.46% clDice, with corresponding improvements of 2.27, 9.39, and 2.12 percentage points. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of BTSR-Net for structure-sensitive semantic segmentation in high-resolution remote sensing imagery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta reinforcement learning for robust quadruped locomotion under joint failures.","authors":"Likai Wu, Chee-Onn Chow, Wei Ru Wong, Joon Huang Chuah, Jeevan Kanesan, Meina Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361099","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joint failures can disrupt gait coordination, velocity tracking, and body stability in quadruped robots by reducing the available control authority. This study investigates faults in which joints remain locked at fixed angles and presents Adjudicate Reconfiguration and Evolving Regularization Meta Reinforcement Learning (ARER-MetaRL). The framework combines task inference from context, modular routing tailored to each task through an Adjudicate Reconfiguration (AR) network, and Evolving Gradient Regularization (ER) to support rapid adaptation. Tasks differ in the identities and locking angles of the faulty joints, the number of simultaneous faults, the commanded motion direction, and the terrain. Experiments in NVIDIA Isaac Sim cover all 12 actuated joints, with 0-3 stuck joints during meta-training and severity tests involving up to 6 simultaneously stuck joints. ARER-MetaRL achieves higher Mean Episode Linear Velocity Tracking Reward (MELV) and Mean Episode Roll-Pitch Tracking Reward (MERP) than single-task reinforcement learning, ablated variants, and the evaluated learning and adaptation baselines. Cumulative rewards further demonstrate the benefit of combining the proposed components. In the study of fault severity, ARER-MetaRL achieves MELV/MERP values of 0.86/0.84 with one stuck joint and 0.55/0.54 with six stuck joints, compared with 0.21/0.18 and 0.05/0.03, respectively, for the single-task baseline. These results show improved adaptation across different configurations of locked joints and terrain conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0361099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Owned dog population profile, dog ownership and bite risk determinants: Key steps to rabies control in Antananarivo, Madagascar.","authors":"Marie Hermelienne Volasoa, Santatriniaina Michel Joharison Andrianarivelo, Katerina Albrechtova, Fenitra Raharijaona, Daouda Kassié, Véronique Chevalier","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360417","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Madagascar, with dog-mediated transmission causing approximately 1,000 human deaths annually. In Antananarivo, the capital city, control efforts are hindered by limited up to date knowledge on the dog population. This study aims to provide updated estimates of the owned dog population characteristics, identify determinants of ownership, and assess dog bite incidence and risk factors to guide effective vaccination and prevention strategies. Between 2023 and 2025, a longitudinal door‑to‑door household survey was conducted across 21 fokontany (administrative units) in Antananarivo. Of 2,518 surveyed households, 30.5% reported dog ownership, with 1,273 dogs recorded, yielding an estimated dog‑to‑human ratio of 1:9. The owned dog population was predominantly male (63.6%), with a median age of three years. Survival analysis in the selected study site indicated a median lifespan of 4.4 years and an annual mortality hazard of 16%. Vaccination coverage was low: 64.2% of owned dogs had never been vaccinated, primarily due to owners' time constraints, lack of awareness about the need for dog rabies vaccination, and financial barriers. Ownership was positively associated with household location and size, household head's age, education and income. No significant difference in bite risk was observed between dog‑owning and non‑dog‑owning households, whereas households with children under 15 years experienced a significantly higher risk. Rabies elimination among the owned dog population in Antananarivo requires sustained, context‑adapted interventions that address high population turnover. Annual city‑wide dog vaccination campaigns combining door‑to‑door strategies with fixed‑point sites are suggested to increase the chances of reaching a larger share of the owned dog population. Public health efforts must also prioritize paediatric bite prevention and expand access to post‑exposure prophylaxis to contribute to the global goal of eliminating dog‑mediated human rabies by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of HemoCue method and development of a revised hemoglobin cut-off to detect anemia in children aged 6-24-months.","authors":"Mustafa Mahfuz, Ar-Rafi Khan, S M Tafsir Hasan, Md Shabab Hossain, A H M Rezwan, Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz, Md Ashraful Alam, Tahmeed Ahmed","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0346506","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0346506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is essential for determining anemia prevalence at the population level. The HemoCue method, commonly used in resource poor settings, has been shown to overestimate Hb levels compared to the direct cyanmethemoglobin (DCM) method, leading to an underestimation of anemia. We aimed to validate the HemoCue method against the DCM method and establish an optimal cut-off value for diagnosing anemia in children under two.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from children under two years of age as part of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development study in Bangladesh, conducted in Mirpur, Dhaka, from February 2010 to February 2017. Using HemoCue 201 instrument and DCM method, Hb levels were measured in 846 venous blood samples collected from 589 children. Quadratic regression was explored to derive a correction factor; however, substantial dispersion in HemoCue measurements prevented establishment of a reliable correction model. Youden's Index was used to identify the optimal cut‑off. While it provided a strong threshold, we prioritized achieving at least 70% sensitivity and specificity to confirm balanced diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (IQR) Hb concentrations estimated by HemoCue and DCM were 11.6 (10.5, 12.5) g/dL and 10.8 (10.1, 11.5) g/dL, respectively. Using a cut-off of <10.5 g/dL for anemia, the prevalence was significantly higher with the DCM method (35.2% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). Considering DCM as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the HemoCue method were 93% and 53%, respectively. In the test/train analysis, the newly identified cut-off of 11.00 g/dL, indicated an anemia prevalence of 34.2% in the testing dataset, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 69%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights substantial variability between HemoCue and DCM hemoglobin measurements, which prevented development of a reliable correction factor. The proposed HemoCue cut-off of 11.0 g/dL may improve anemia detection in children under two years of age when compared with the currently recommended threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0346506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired erythroid maturation in murine embryos upon loss of the preeclampsia-associated serine protease prostasin Prostasin loss impairs erythropoiesis.","authors":"Sara Di Carlo, Adrian Salas-Bastos, Mariela Castelblanco Castelblanco, Muriel Auberson, Dongmei Wang, Marie Rumpler, Malaury Tournier, Olivier Staub, Lukas Sommer, Silvia Ferreira Lopes, Ana Jiménez Sànchez, Olaia Naveiras, Edith Hummler","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360958","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In humans, the membrane-bound serine protease prostasin encoded by Prss8 is associated with preeclampsia, a gestational hypertension disorder affecting blood supply of the placenta. Deficiency of Prss8 in mice resulted in embryonic lethality by embryonic day (E) 14.5 and impaired maturation of placental labyrinth. We found in Prss8-/- embryos at E11.5 and E12.5 a reduced frequency of both circulating primitive and erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP)-derived definitive erythroblasts in the yolk sac, placenta and fetal liver. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed a downregulation of fetal hemoglobin genes and an upregulation of ribosomal genes in primitive erythroid cells of Prss8-/- embryos, indicating a defective erythroid maturation. We suggest that prostasin regulates primitive erythropoiesis in a cell-extrinsic manner, since its expression was absent in circulating erythroid cells. Indeed, the yolk sac vascular remodeling of Prss8-/- embryos was impaired as evidenced by reduced vessel branching and junctions, likely affecting placenta vascularization and contributing to embryonic demise. Our findings unveil a novel role for prostasin during developmental erythropoiesis and vascular patterning and provide insight into how Prss8 dysregulation may contribute to placental pathologies such as preeclampsia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Assessment of disability of leprosy in Bangladesh: A hospital-based study.","authors":"Hafez Mohammad Nazmul Ahsan, Shaheera Rahman, Labida Islam, Monjur Rahman, Farhana Zaman, Rowshan Ara, Hossain Mohammed Omar Khayum, Saidur Rahman Mashreky","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361054","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0361054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357047.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0361054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations of micronutrients during pregnancy in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Lianshuai Zheng, Xiaolun Xu, Xueyuan Rong, Jian Luo, Guoqing Chen, Cheng Zhao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360813","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy is accompanied by substantial physiological adaptations that may alter maternal micronutrient concentrations. A prospective longitudinal pregnancy-neonatal cohort of 51 healthy pregnant women was established at 6-8 weeks of gestation in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China, confirmed by fetal heart and bud on B-ultrasound. Pregnancy complications, outcomes, and neonatal health at day 42 were confirmed. Forty-three women who completed all assessments and had uncomplicated pregnancies with favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes were included in the final analysis. Whole-blood trace elements and serum vitamins were quantified during the first trimester (12.3 ± 0.9 weeks), second trimester (25.6 ± 1.2 weeks), and third trimester (32.7 ± 2.3 weeks) using ICP-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that copper, calcium, and vitamin D peaked in the second trimester, whereas iron, zinc, magnesium, and lead reached their nadir in the second trimester. Meanwhile, manganese and vitamins E and K increased progressively throughout gestation. In contrast, several B vitamins showed an overall downward trend, while vitamin B12 remained relatively stable. These findings demonstrate clear trimester-specific changes in maternal micronutrient levels during healthy pregnancy. Given the relatively small sample size, these longitudinal data provide preliminary evidence to inform the establishment of region-specific and trimester-specific reference intervals and deficiency thresholds for micronutrients in healthy pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected associated vulnerability factors among rural populations in six districts of India: A community-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"P K Anand, Manjula Singh, Purbita Banerjee, Seema Sahay, Sampada Bangar, Braj Raj Ghosh, Manjeet Singh Chalga, Anurag Pappu, Vnr Das, Sarika Gupta, Amber Kumar, Dhruvendra Pandey","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360758","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in India, contributing to one-fourth of global burden of TB disease. Comorbidities in uninfected individuals make them vulnerable to TB disease. This study estimates the self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected vulnerability factors (HIV, current smoking, silicosis, occupational silica-dust exposure, diabetes mellitus and persistent cough >2 weeks) among the rural demography of six districts in India, with the aim of informing targeted active case finding under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study conducted was a community-based cross-sectional survey carried out across six districts of India. Two blocks from each district was selected randomly followed by randomly selected villages under each block. A universal sampling technique was followed for including all the households of the randomly selected villages. The data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire schedule via face-to-face interviews at all the eligible households of the study sites. Descriptive analysis was performed, and the results were obtained in the form of frequencies and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ultimate data consisted of 82,636 individuals, with males at 52% and females at 47%. 77% of the study population were 15 years of age or older. This study analyzes a large dataset. The TB prevalence was around 150 per lakh of the population, while the prevalence of HIV-reactive individuals, current smokers, silicosis, occupational exposure to silica dust, diabetes mellitus and cough of greater than two weeks is found in 0.9%, 5%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 1.4% and 4% respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>The study highlights TB status and selected TB-vulnerable groups. The study has a large sample size, and it follows multipronged approach to study selected vulnerable population groups. This data may improve targeted active case finding among the high-risk groups as outlined by NTEP and provide better TB control strategy outcome at high TB burden settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}