Nurul Imanina Zameran, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Nur Hidayatul Nazirah
{"title":"Graphene-based magnetic covalent organic frameworks and deep eutectic solvent functionalized adsorbents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review.","authors":"Nurul Imanina Zameran, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Nur Hidayatul Nazirah","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251102","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous organic compounds defined by their long-lasting nature, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, posing environmental and health risks. Conventional PAH removal methods usually have high costs, low efficiency and potentially produce secondary contaminants. Graphene-based magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) emerged as an alternative, offering high surface area, tuneable functionality and superior magnetic separability. Graphene-based MCOFs facilitate strong π-π interactions, hydrophobic effects and improved adsorbent stability, leading to more efficient PAH removal. The distinctive focus of this review is on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a green modification strategy to further optimize adsorption efficiency by lowering reaction temperature, reducing synthesis time and eliminating the use of hazardous organic solvents. This review presents a comprehensive study of graphene-based MCOFs and DES functionalized adsorbent synthesis, adsorption mechanisms and their environmental applications in enhancing PAH adsorption performance as the next-generation sustainable materials for large-scale PAH remediation. Collectively, these advances align with the principles of green chemistry and are anticipated to contribute to global efforts towards the sixth, seventh and fourteenth sustainable development goals, namely clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy and the protection of aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"251102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elliot Lister, Aidan McConnell-Trevillion, Milad Jabbari, Abbas Erfanian, Kianoush Nazarpour
{"title":"An open-source neurodynamic model of the lower urinary tract.","authors":"Elliot Lister, Aidan McConnell-Trevillion, Milad Jabbari, Abbas Erfanian, Kianoush Nazarpour","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242062","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower urinary tract symptoms affect a significant proportion of the population. <i>In silico</i> medicine can help understand these conditions and develop treatments. However, many of the current lower urinary tract computational models are closed source, too deterministic and do not allow for simple use of modelling neural intervention. An open-source Python-based model was developed to simulate bladder, sphincter and kidney dynamics using normalized neural signals to predict pressure and volume. The model was verified against animal bladder data from adult male Wistar rats, assessed for noise sensitivity and evaluated against known physiological factors. The animal data comparison yielded a significantly more similar pattern than existing models, with a correlation coefficient of <i>r</i> = 0.93 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). All physiological factors were within bounds, and the model remained stable with noise under the described boundaries. The proposed model advances the field of computational medicine by providing an open-source model for researchers and developers. It improves upon existing models by being accessible, including a built-in neural model that better replicates smooth bladder filling results, and incorporating a novel kidney function that alters bladder function by time of day in line with circadian rhythm. Future applications include personalized medicine, treating lower urinary tract symptoms with <i>in silico</i> models and adaptive neural interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"242062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neil Scheidwasser, Louise Ladefoged Poulsen, Prince Ravi Leow, Mark Poulsen Khurana, Maider Iglesias-Carrasco, Daniel Joseph Laydon, Christl Ann Donnelly, Anders Miki Bojesen, Samir Bhatt, David Alejandro Duchêne
{"title":"Deep learning from videography as a tool for measuring <i>E. coli</i> infection in poultry.","authors":"Neil Scheidwasser, Louise Ladefoged Poulsen, Prince Ravi Leow, Mark Poulsen Khurana, Maider Iglesias-Carrasco, Daniel Joseph Laydon, Christl Ann Donnelly, Anders Miki Bojesen, Samir Bhatt, David Alejandro Duchêne","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250151","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry farming is threatened by regular outbreaks of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) that lead to significant economic losses and public health risks. However, traditional surveillance methods often lack sensitivity and scalability. Early detection of infected poultry using minimally invasive procedures is thus essential for preventing epidemics. To that end, we leverage recent advancements in computer vision, employing deep learning-based tracking to detect behavioural changes associated with <i>E. coli</i> infection in a case-control trial comprising two groups of 20 broiler chickens: (i) a healthy control group and (ii) a group infected with a pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> field strain from the poultry industry. More specifically, kinematic features derived from deep learning-based tracking data revealed markedly reduced activity in the challenged group compared with the negative control. These findings were validated by lower mean optical flow in the infected flock, suggesting reduced movement and activity, and post-mortem physiological markers of inflammation that confirmed the severity of infection in the challenged group. Overall, this study demonstrates that deep learning-based tracking offers a promising solution for real-time monitoring and early infection detection in poultry farming, with the potential to help reduce economic losses and mitigate public health risks associated with infectious disease outbreaks in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"250151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resoketswe Cate Khumalo, Alan Barrett, Leslie R Brown
{"title":"Effects of carcass decomposition on vegetation dynamics in Bankenveld grasslands of South Africa.","authors":"Resoketswe Cate Khumalo, Alan Barrett, Leslie R Brown","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250509","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carcass decomposition plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning, yet its impact on vegetation dynamics in different ecosystems remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of decomposing adult blue wildebeest (<i>Connochaetes taurinus</i>) carcasses on vegetation dynamics in the Bankenveld grasslands of South Africa, a biodiverse and ecologically significant ecosystem. Field experiments conducted at Telperion Nature Reserve examined changes to vegetation structure, biomass production, plant species composition and nutritive value associated with the decomposition of blue wildebeest carcasses with three treatment types (control/no carcass, open carcass and caged carcass) over a period of 12 months. Results show an increase in vegetation height at all carcass sites, an increase in plant cover at caged carcass sites, a significant increase in biomass at control and caged carcass sites, a significant increase in species richness at carcass sites and no change in species diversity with a smaller decrease in veld condition scores at caged carcass sites showing a slight improvement in veld condition. These findings show that decomposition noticeably affected the variables investigated, promoting increased growth of nutrient-demanding species and altering community composition. This study suggests that carcass decomposition contributes towards the heterogeneity of Bankenveld grasslands, emphasizing that decomposition processes should be considered in management and conservation strategies for these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"250509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mia Sherwood, Mackenzie Kaup, Karen L Baab, Tobias Riede
{"title":"Developmental trajectories in laryngeal anatomy of California mice (<i>Peromyscus californicus</i>).","authors":"Mia Sherwood, Mackenzie Kaup, Karen L Baab, Tobias Riede","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251029","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian larynx is a complex structure of mixed embryological origin, with its evolutionary diversification and its form-function relationship of interest to biologists and clinicians. This study compared the size and shape of the laryngeal cartilaginous framework and airway in two phylogenetically distant mouse species, the California mouse and House mouse, with distinct vocal behaviours. Using three-dimensional imaging and geometric morphometrics, we analysed ontogenetic shape changes from birth to old age to assess species differences, developmental trajectories and integration of cartilage shape. While statistically significant species-specific differences were found, they were minor, and neither species exhibited sexual dimorphism in laryngeal shape or size. A pronounced ontogenetic change in the relative size of the ventral pouch was observed in California mice but not in House mice. Shape changes from neonatal to adult stages were largely conserved across species, with the notable exception of the arytenoid cartilage, which exhibited divergent postnatal trajectories and integration patterns. Despite differences in vocal behaviour and phylogenetic distance, overall laryngeal morphology was remarkably similar. These findings highlight the need to consider additional selective pressures beyond vocal function in shaping laryngeal anatomy across rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"251029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balraj Melepat, Daniel Divín, Kateřina Marková, Tao Li, Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil, Eleni Voukali, Lucie Schmiedová, Martin Těšický, Michal Vinkler
{"title":"The neuro-immune crosstalk between periphery and central nervous system during acute immune response to virus-mimicking RNA in parrots.","authors":"Balraj Melepat, Daniel Divín, Kateřina Marková, Tao Li, Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil, Eleni Voukali, Lucie Schmiedová, Martin Těšický, Michal Vinkler","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251343","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parrots, valued companion animals with a concerning conservation status, can act as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases. During various infections, systemic inflammation significantly impairs host health. However, the regulation of inflammatory responses in birds, particularly in cognitively advanced parrots, remains poorly understood. Here, we examine parrot systemic inflammation in response to virus-mimicking stimulation. In budgerigars (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>), a novel model for neuroinflammation research, we induced sterile inflammation with synthetic poly(I:C) RNA and analysed dose-, time- and tissue-dependent gene expression patterns of key markers, including <i>TLR3</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, <i>CASP1</i>, <i>IL1B</i> and <i>IL6,</i> during acute immune response. We report a significant relationship between cytokine expression (<i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>) in the intestine (local response) and brain (systemic response) that has not yet been described after viral stimulation in parrots. Peripheral <i>IL6</i> expression was upregulated at 3-6 h after stimulation with poly(I:C). In the brain, multiple genes (<i>TLR3</i>, <i>IL1B</i> and <i>IL6</i>) showed activation early during the immune response. These findings highlight the susceptibility of parrots to neuroinflammation following viral infections, having specific relevance for basic research in neurobiology, immunology and behavioural science, and also veterinary research in psittacine birds. Our study provides a foundation for future comparative research on avian neuro-immune crosstalk and neuroinflammation-related behavioural disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"251343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New observation on <i>Corynetis</i> from the early Cambrian Guanshan Biota reflect burrowing life.","authors":"Chunxiao Liu, Jianni Liu","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251357","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Priapulids demonstrated greater disparity among anatomical morphology and played a pivotal role in early Cambrian marine ecosystems. This disparity appeared in ornamented cuticle and showed adaptability to diverse ecological patterns, which lack detailed investigations. Our study focuses on <i>Corynetis</i> from the Guanshan Biota, a poorly understood priapulid taxon with spiny ornamentations, including two species: <i>Corynetis brevis</i> and <i>Corynetis fortis</i>. Significantly, <i>Corynetis brevis</i> is documented within the Guanshan Biota for the first time. A new discovery is the identification of circumoral crown, a novel scalids that encircles the mouth and comprises two rows of eight scalids each, suggesting a sensory capability. In addition, comparative analysis of the terminal trunk spines reveals subtle yet important morphological differences between the two species. This distinction likely reflects differing anchoring strategies, terminal trunk specialization in <i>Corynetis brevis</i> versus whole trunk utilization in <i>Corynetis fortis</i>, which form single-anchor modes and likely facilitate rapid withdrawal in burrow. As well as the specialized coronal spines that grow faster than other structures, its sensory function can enhance predation. Ultimately, palaeoecological reconstruction suggests that <i>Corynetis</i> was a solitary organism with carnivorous habits, predominantly dwelling within a burrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"251357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilla Soravia, Benjamin J Ashton, Sara Piquet-Morón, Alex Thornton, Amanda R Ridley
{"title":"Investigating the relationship between heat-mediated cognitive impairment and antipredator response in a wild bird.","authors":"Camilla Soravia, Benjamin J Ashton, Sara Piquet-Morón, Alex Thornton, Amanda R Ridley","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251260","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasingly frequent heatwaves require animals to spend more time thermoregulating at the expense of other fitness-related behaviours. Emerging evidence also indicates that high temperatures can impair cognitive function in wild animals. However, whether such heat-mediated cognitive impairment underpins altered behavioural responses during high temperatures remains unclear. We examined the link between naturally occurring high temperatures, cognitive performance and antipredator response in wild southern pied babblers (<i>Turdoides bicolor</i>). In a paired experimental design, we performed model predator presentations using a taxidermied common genet (<i>Genetta genetta</i>) and a box as the control, and we quantified associative learning performance-a cognitive trait involved in associating predator cues with a threat-for the same individuals under normal and high-temperature conditions. As predicted, individuals showed a stronger antipredator response (combining time spent vigilant, flying and alarming) when presented with the predator compared to the control under normal but not high temperatures. Associative learning performance also declined with increasing air temperatures. However, associative learning performance (whether measured under normal or high temperatures) did not predict the strength of the antipredator response. Our findings provide novel evidence for a reduced antipredator response under high temperatures and suggest that physiological constraints rather than learning impairment might explain this change.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"251260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julieta Alvarez, M Soledad Vela Gurovic, Gustavo F Silbestri
{"title":"Advanced conditioning of lignocellulosic wastes through imidazolium salts and ultrasound energy.","authors":"Julieta Alvarez, M Soledad Vela Gurovic, Gustavo F Silbestri","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250332","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of converting lignocellulosic waste into valuable products represents an innovative strategy that could yield significant economic benefits. Three water-soluble imidazolium salts were investigated for conditioning sunflower seed husks. Treatment conditions, including temperature and ultrasound (US), did not alter the chemical structure of the lignocellulosic residue, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Although US did not modify the functional groups, it did facilitate growth of the lignocellulose degrader <i>Streptomyces albus</i> CAS922-probably by causing rupture of fibres and plant cells. Additionally, the study on the reuse of aqueous solutions demonstrated that the salt remains effective for up to five consecutive cycles, exhibiting high stability to both temperature and US without any loss in concentration. The treatment discussed here could be appealing for the production of industrial products through biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"250332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable wastewater decontamination from chlortetracycline using kaolin-alginate beads: adsorption mechanisms and practical applications.","authors":"Wei Liu, Meriem Fizir, Sami Touil, Amina Richa, Douba Houda, Pinping Wu, Jiang Qian, Yongbing Zhang, Yulong Wang, Jing Ding","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250439","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the need for cost-effective alternatives to activated carbon (AC) for chlortetracycline (CTC) removal, this study developed sustainable kaolin-alginate composite beads (KN@Alg). The adsorption performance of KN@Alg was systematically evaluated compared with pristine KN and AC through kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics. Regeneration cycles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were employed to assess reusability and elucidate mechanisms. Results demonstrated that incorporating of KN into the alginate matrix significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity to 68.74 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, surpassing that of KN (42.76 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) and approaching that of AC (102.96 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). KN@Alg achieved 93.7% removal efficiency in dynamic experiments, demonstrating practical applicability. Thermodynamics confirmed a spontaneous and exothermic process. Mechanistic studies revealed that CTC uptake onto KN@Alg involves multifunctional mechanisms, including n-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange and calcium ion-bridging. Notably, KN@Alg exhibited superior renderability, retaining approximately 76% efficiency after four cycles, outperforming both AC and KN. Compared with the high cost of AC, KN@Alg integrates the rigid framework of KN with the functional advantages of alginate, addressing the limitations of low adsorption capacity and instability of pure components while achieving comparable removal efficacy. These findings highlight KN@Alg as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative for CTC-contaminated water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 10","pages":"250439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}