Royal Society Open Science最新文献

Automatic titration detection method of organic matter content based on machine vision. 基于机器视觉的有机物含量自动滴定检测方法。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250234

Bingjie Zhang, Meng Li, Qing Song, Lujian Xu

{"title":"Automatic titration detection method of organic matter content based on machine vision.","authors":"Bingjie Zhang, Meng Li, Qing Song, Lujian Xu","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250234","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250234","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an automatic titration algorithm for organic matter content detection based on machine vision, which addresses the disadvantages of high risk factor, strong odour, significant pollution to laboratory environment and slow efficiency of manual titration in organic matter detection. First, by analysing the colour change characteristics during the titration process, machine learning techniques are used to classify the titration speed, and a titration experiment state recognition model is constructed to divide the titration speed into four categories and improve titration efficiency; Second, through a large number of titration experiments to collect relevant data and extract key feature parameters, an efficient titration algorithm based on histogram similarity was designed to accurately identify titration endpoints and improve detection accuracy. This study not only solves the limitations of manual operation in traditional titration methods, but also provides new ideas and methods for the automation and intelligence of chemical titration. The test results showed that the device had a titration error of less than 0.2 ml and was more efficient than manual titration. When comparing the results with manual titration, no statistically significant difference was observed when paired t-test was applied at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, it has been confirmed that it has good recognition rate and control accuracy.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 7","pages":"250234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earth and environmental sciences 'New Talent' collection. 地球与环境科学“新人才”合集。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251023

Royal Society Open Science Editorial Team

引用次数: 0

Siloxane-spaced salen-type Schiff base cobalt complex. Experimental and docking analysis-a dual approach for evaluating anti-cancer efficacy. 硅氧烷间隔萨伦型希夫碱钴配合物。实验与对接分析——评价抗癌疗效的双重方法。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250279

Madalin Damoc, Alexandru-Constantin Stoica, Mirela-Fernanda Zaltariov, Dragos Peptanariu, Mihaela Dascalu, Maria Cazacu

{"title":"Siloxane-spaced salen-type Schiff base cobalt complex. Experimental and docking analysis-a dual approach for evaluating anti-cancer efficacy.","authors":"Madalin Damoc, Alexandru-Constantin Stoica, Mirela-Fernanda Zaltariov, Dragos Peptanariu, Mihaela Dascalu, Maria Cazacu","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250279","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250279","url":null,"abstract":"A complex of Co(II), CoL1 , with a salen-type Schiff base ligand, H2L1 , having a siloxane spacer, was evaluated from the perspective of anti-cancer activity in comparison with a newly synthesized homologue under similar conditions, CoL2 , but with a ligand with hexamethylene bridge, H2L2 . Molecular docking simulations were used to estimate the possible interactions of the two cobalt complexes and their parent ligands with some key proteins involved in cancer development, the results indicating that the silicon derivatives are more potent anti-tumours. This is attributed to the conformational flexibility of the siloxane segment that favours establishing interactions with biological targets. Cytotoxicity assays against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HeLa) also demonstrated significantly higher activity and selectivity for the siloxane-containing complex CoL1, compared with its fully organic ligand-based counterpart. The cytotoxicity of this complex on MCF-7 cell line showed a considerable effect at IC50 of 22.61 μM, compared with the one shown by CoL2 of 43.82 μM. The dual experimental and theoretical approach provides valuable insights into the potential of designing Schiff base complexes with optimized therapeutic profiles and highlights the importance of the silicon structural motif in improving the efficacy of metal-based anti-tumour agents.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 7","pages":"250279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the biodiversity of cetacean communities along the western North Atlantic Ocean shelf-break. 探索北大西洋西部大陆架断裂沿线鲸类动物群落的生物多样性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241658

Samara Haver, Peter Corkeron, Annamaria DeAngelis, Simone Baumann-Pickering, Danielle Cholewiak, Genevieve Davis, Kaitlin Frasier, Natalie Posdaljian, Macey Kadifa, Alba Solsona-Berga, Annabel Westell, Sofie Van Parijs

{"title":"Exploring the biodiversity of cetacean communities along the western North Atlantic Ocean shelf-break.","authors":"Samara Haver, Peter Corkeron, Annamaria DeAngelis, Simone Baumann-Pickering, Danielle Cholewiak, Genevieve Davis, Kaitlin Frasier, Natalie Posdaljian, Macey Kadifa, Alba Solsona-Berga, Annabel Westell, Sofie Van Parijs","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241658","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241658","url":null,"abstract":"Declining biodiversity is a global issue that encompasses reduced species abundance and changing distributions. Observing community groups can reveal spatial patterns and identify shifts in presence over time, providing information to support conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a tool for observing ocean environments, and coupled with species-specific detectors and classifiers can provide information about cetacean communities. This study analysed data collected by 10 PAM recorders deployed along the western North Atlantic shelf break between April 2016 and June 2019. Relative acoustic presence of 13 specific cetacean species and a grouped category for delphinid species was evaluated using biodiversity metrics to compare dissimilarity of community composition across the sampling locations. In all years, presence of Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) was the primary distinguishing factor in grouping sites, while detections of other beaked whale species were of secondary importance, followed by other odontocetes. The presence of mysticetes also varied by site and season, and co-occurrence comparisons revealed distinctive communities at each site. This study highlights the significance of identifying beaked whales to species rather than grouping them, providing insights into the dynamics of cetacean populations to inform management and conservation of these important species.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 7","pages":"241658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees. 避免生殖冲突与黑猩猩更年期的进化。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250385

Lauren C White, Dieter Lukas, Kevin E Langergraber, Linda Vigilant

{"title":"Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees.","authors":"Lauren C White, Dieter Lukas, Kevin E Langergraber, Linda Vigilant","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250385","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250385","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive conflict hypothesis suggests menopause is rare in nature because it is only evolutionarily favoured in specific dispersal and mating systems. In social groups with local mating, shared resource competition and female-biased dispersal, an increase in a breeding female's relatedness to her fellow community members with age is expected to favour late-life reproductive cessation as a response to intergenerational reproductive competition. Here, we use observational and genomic data from the Ngogo chimpanzee community to characterize kinship dynamics and investigate the potential role of reproductive conflict in explaining a recent report of menopause in this community. We first find that, as predicted by simple models, the combination of female dispersal and local breeding leads to age-specific increases in relatedness between female and male community members. Next, we use the observed kinship dynamics in inclusive fitness formulae to test whether reproductive cessation might have been selected for in chimpanzee females. We find that kinship dynamics measured within subgroups of the community, where competition is presumably most intense, favour the evolution of menopause beginning around age 40. This is consistent with patterns of age-related fertility declines observed in Ngogo, suggesting reproductive conflict may have contributed to the evolution of chimpanzee post-reproductive lifespans.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological consequences of nitrogen enrichment for corals in the Caribbean. 富氮对加勒比海珊瑚的生理影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250208

Jonathan Jung, Ryanne Ardisana, Mark J A Vermeij, Erin L Murphy

引用次数: 0

Why collective behaviours self-organize to criticality: a primer on information-theoretic and thermodynamic utility measures. 为什么集体行为自组织到临界：信息论和热力学效用测量入门。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241655

Qianyang Chen, Mikhail Prokopenko

{"title":"Why collective behaviours self-organize to criticality: a primer on information-theoretic and thermodynamic utility measures.","authors":"Qianyang Chen, Mikhail Prokopenko","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241655","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241655","url":null,"abstract":"Collective behaviours are frequently observed to self-organize to criticality. Existing proposals to explain these phenomena are fragmented across disciplines and only partially answer the question. This primer compares the underlying, intrinsic, utilities that may explain the self-organization of collective behaviours near criticality. We focus on information-driven approaches (predictive information, empowerment and active inference), as well as an approach incorporating both information theory and thermodynamics (thermodynamic efficiency). By interpreting the Ising model as a perception-action loop, we compare how different intrinsic utilities shape collective behaviour and analyse the distinct characteristics that arise when each is optimized. In particular, we highlight that thermodynamic efficiency-measuring the ratio of predictability gained by the system to its energy costs-reaches its maximum at the critical regime. Finally, we propose the Principle of Super-efficiency, suggesting that collective behaviours self-organize to the critical regime where optimal efficiency is achieved with respect to the entropy reduction relative to the thermodynamic costs.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of sulfuric acid and free cellulase hydrolysis for waste-paper-to-glucose conversion: experimental and techno-economic evaluation. 硫酸与游离纤维素酶水解废纸制葡萄糖的对比分析：实验与技术经济评价。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241810

Mahfuzah Samirah Ideris, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Jason P Hallett, S M Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari

{"title":"Comparative analysis of sulfuric acid and free cellulase hydrolysis for waste-paper-to-glucose conversion: experimental and techno-economic evaluation.","authors":"Mahfuzah Samirah Ideris, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Jason P Hallett, S M Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241810","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241810","url":null,"abstract":"The approach of converting waste paper (WP) to glucose via hydrolysis reaction is a promising alternative to current disposal methods. Glucose is a key intermediate in the production of various chemicals. In this study, we first characterize WP by several analytical tools and then compare the WP-to-glucose conversion via sulfuric acid (SA)- and free cellulase enzyme (FE)-catalysed reactions, primarily focusing on experimental and techno-economic evaluation. WP contains loosely connected fibres with inorganic filler elements (Ca, Si and Al) distributed on their surfaces. SA-hydrolysis completely hydrolyses WP to glucose in just 2 h; however, the use of H2SO4 and CaCO3, the production of CO2 and CaSO4 by-products, as well as the complex procedure significantly increase the projected operating costs, leading to substantial profit loss. Similarly, FE-hydrolysis converts all cellulose in WP into 100% glucose, as other components (hemicellulose, lignin and inorganic fillers) appear not to impede cellulose-enzyme binding, while loosely cross-linked fibres further enhance enzyme interaction. With water as the waste, FE-hydrolysis is projected to have much lower operating costs, contributing to ca 400 times lower profit loss compared with SA-hydrolysis. However, the 72 h hydrolysis period and the difficulty in separating cellulase enzyme from glucose solution present significant challenges, necessitating further process improvements.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocal membranes lower the phonation threshold pressure in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 在恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）中，声带膜降低了发声阈压。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250243

Mayuka Kanaya, Rintaro Miyazaki, Tomoki Yoshitani, Takeshi Nishimura, Isao T Tokuda

{"title":"Vocal membranes lower the phonation threshold pressure in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Mayuka Kanaya, Rintaro Miyazaki, Tomoki Yoshitani, Takeshi Nishimura, Isao T Tokuda","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250243","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250243","url":null,"abstract":"The vocal membrane, an extended part of the vocal fold, is present in a broad range of species including non-human primates. Its contribution to animal vocalizations has long been of interest. A theoretical study (Mergell P, Fitch T, Herzel H. 1999 Modeling the role of nonhuman vocal membranes in phonation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 2020-2028. (https://doi.org/10.1121/1.424994)) predicted that vocal membranes enhance vocal efficiency by lowering the phonation threshold pressure. To test this, excised larynx experiments were conducted on rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Comparisons before and after surgical removal of the vocal membranes showed that the phonation threshold pressure was indeed lower-and vocal efficiency higher-when the vocal membranes were present. Most experiments exhibited periodic oscillations of the vocal folds and/or membranes, while some showed irregular broadband oscillations potentially indicative of chaos. A computational model representing the vocal membrane as a dynamic, reed-like plate reproduced both periodic and irregular oscillations, depending on parameter settings such as the damping ratio. These simulations suggest that transitions between different regimes can arise from individual anatomical or physiological variation. Although this pilot study is based on two macaque larynges, the results support the idea that vocal membranes may contribute to vocal efficiency and dynamic variability, potentially enabling louder calls with less pulmonary effort.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A feasibility study on non-invasive and non-contact jugular venous pulse measurement using 60 GHz FMCW radar. 60 GHz FMCW雷达无创非接触式颈静脉脉搏测量的可行性研究。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242231

Shatabdi Das, Hadi Afsharan, Girish Dwivedi, Coen Arrow, Omid Kavehei

{"title":"A feasibility study on non-invasive and non-contact jugular venous pulse measurement using 60 GHz FMCW radar.","authors":"Shatabdi Das, Hadi Afsharan, Girish Dwivedi, Coen Arrow, Omid Kavehei","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242231","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242231","url":null,"abstract":"The jugular venous pulse (JVP) reflects right atrial pressure and provides diagnostic insight into cardiovascular and pulmonary health. However, reliable assessment remains difficult due to neck adiposity, anatomical variability and suboptimal positioning. Although central venous catheterization is the gold standard, its invasive nature restricts routine or long-term use. This study introduces a non-invasive method for JVP estimation using a 60 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The system captures venous pulsations at the skin surface and applies eigenbeamforming to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and pulse clarity. Radar parameters were optimized for signal fidelity and validated through morphological comparison with simultaneously recorded photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Additionally, we compared radar-derived JVP signals with previously recorded catheterization data from a patient with early-stage heart failure to assess clinical relevance. Signal localization was successfully achieved within a direction-of-arrival (DoA) range of <math><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow> <mrow><msup><mn>20</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> to <math><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> <mrow><msup><mn>20</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> , demonstrating the radar's precision. While the selected parameters consistently yielded good performance in our set-up, individual anatomical differences may require subject-specific calibration. These findings support the potential of 60 GHz FMCW radar for contactless JVP monitoring, with promising implications for early detection and remote management of heart failure.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"242231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0