Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第10页

A multiscale stochastic cellular automata model for dispersion of mountain pine beetles. 山松甲虫分散的多尺度随机元胞自动机模型。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241934

Yanjun Liu, Donald Estep

引用次数: 0

Reducing the causal illusion: a question of motivation or of information? 减少因果错觉：动机问题还是信息问题？

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250082

Aranzazu Vinas, Fernando Blanco, Helena Matute

引用次数: 0

Fostering trustworthy information: countering disinformation when there are no bare facts. 培育可信赖的信息：在没有纯粹事实的情况下打击虚假信息。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250654

Marcel Boumans, Joras Ferwerda, Maya J Goldenberg, Sabina Leonelli, Federica Russo, Vincent Traag, Arjan Wardekker

引用次数: 0

Interactions between CNS regulation and serotonergic modulation of crayfish hindgut motility. 小龙虾后肠运动的中枢神经系统调节与血清素能调节的相互作用。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250094

Spandan Pathak, Norma Peña-Flores, Phillip Alvarez, Jenna Feeley, Reza Ghodssi, Wolfgang Losert, Jens Herberholz

{"title":"Interactions between CNS regulation and serotonergic modulation of crayfish hindgut motility.","authors":"Spandan Pathak, Norma Peña-Flores, Phillip Alvarez, Jenna Feeley, Reza Ghodssi, Wolfgang Losert, Jens Herberholz","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250094","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250094","url":null,"abstract":"Motility is a critical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system governed by neurogenic and myogenic processes. Due to its major role in maintaining homeostasis, overlapping mechanisms have evolved for its adaptive operation including modulation by the central nervous system (CNS), enteric nervous system (ENS) and intrinsic pacemaker cells. Our understanding of the modulatory mechanisms that underlie intestinal motility remains incomplete. Crayfish provide a tractable ex vivo model to study the interplay between CNS and neurochemical regulation of GI motor patterns. Our study investigated the effects of CNS denervation and exogenously applied serotonin (5-HT) on crayfish hindgut motility. Multiscale spatial measurements showed stable motility parameters throughout 90 min of control conditions. Denervation, i.e. separating the gut from the CNS, resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude and synchrony of hindgut contractions, while preserving the underlying frequency and directional bias of the waves. Subsequent application of 5-HT to the denervated preparation enhanced motility but disrupted spatiotemporal coordination. Treatment with TTX (a sodium channel blocker) had minor impacts on motility metrics, indicating a prominent role of myogenic mechanisms. Our model provides a multiscale analysis framework to dissect CNS and interrelated neurochemistry contributions to GI motor dynamics.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unifying human infectious disease models and real-time awareness of population- and subpopulation-level intervention effectiveness. 统一人类传染病模型，实时了解人口和亚人口水平的干预效果。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241964

Rachel L Seibel, Michael J Tildesley, Edward M Hill

{"title":"Unifying human infectious disease models and real-time awareness of population- and subpopulation-level intervention effectiveness.","authors":"Rachel L Seibel, Michael J Tildesley, Edward M Hill","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241964","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241964","url":null,"abstract":"During infectious disease outbreaks, humans often base their decision to adhere to an intervention strategy on individual choices and opinions. However, due to data limitations and inference challenges, infectious disease models usually omit these variables. We constructed a compartmental, deterministic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) disease model that includes a behavioural function with parameters influencing intervention uptake. The behavioural function accounted for an initial subpopulation opinion towards an intervention, their outbreak information awareness sensitivity and the extent to which they are swayed by the real-time intervention effectiveness information. Applying the model to vaccination uptake and three human pathogens-pandemic influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola virus-we explored through model simulation how these intervention adherence decision parameters and behavioural heterogeneity impacted epidemiological outcomes. From our model simulations, we found that in some pathogen systems, different types of outbreak information awareness at different outbreak stages may be more informative to an information-sensitive population and may lead to less severe epidemic outcomes. Incorporating behavioural functions that modify infection control intervention adherence into epidemiological models can aid our understanding of adherence dynamics during outbreaks. Ultimately, by parameterizing models with what we know about human behaviour towards vaccination adherence, such models can help assist decision-makers during outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New monstersaur specimens from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah reveal unexpected richness of large-bodied lizards in Late Cretaceous North America. 来自犹他州kaiparparwits组的新怪物龙标本揭示了晚白垩纪北美大型蜥蜴的意外丰富性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250435

C Henrik Woolley, Joseph J W Sertich, Keegan M Melstrom, Randall B Irmis, Nathan D Smith

{"title":"New monstersaur specimens from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah reveal unexpected richness of large-bodied lizards in Late Cretaceous North America.","authors":"C Henrik Woolley, Joseph J W Sertich, Keegan M Melstrom, Randall B Irmis, Nathan D Smith","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250435","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250435","url":null,"abstract":"Monstersauria (Squamata, Anguimorpha) fossils are present in most Upper Cretaceous sedimentary basins in western North America, but despite almost a century of collection, their record remains extremely fragmentary. Here, we describe new material belonging to large-bodied monstersaurs, including a new taxon, Bolg amondol gen. et sp. nov., based on a fragmentary associated skeleton and co-occurring specimens from the middle unit of the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah, USA. Phylogenetic analyses recover B. amondol within Monstersauria, with two unique anatomical features: fused osteoderms on the jugal and the presence of autotomy septa on the distal caudal vertebrae. Critically, B. amondol is morphologically distinct from the problematic Late Cretaceous North American monstersaur Palaeosaniwa canadensis, whereas co-occurring monstersaur vertebrae and parietals from the Kaiparowits Formation (cf. P. canadensis) highlight a pressing need for a reassessment of this important, widespread taxon. These results offer new evidence that at least three lineages of distinct, large-bodied monstersaurian lizard were present on the palaeolandmass of Laramidia during the Campanian Stage. Importantly, B. amondol represents the most complete squamate recovered from late Campanian southern Laramidia and reveals key anatomical characteristics for future identification of isolated lizard fossil elements.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12201607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the initial stages of biocontrol of the invasive herb Tradescantia fluminensis by beetles. 模拟甲虫对入侵草本植物鸢尾草（Tradescantia fluminensis）生物防治的初始阶段。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241939

Vincent Lomas, Simone Cunha, Mingfeng Qiu, Dave Kelly, Alex James

{"title":"Modelling the initial stages of biocontrol of the invasive herb Tradescantia fluminensis by beetles.","authors":"Vincent Lomas, Simone Cunha, Mingfeng Qiu, Dave Kelly, Alex James","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241939","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241939","url":null,"abstract":"Tradescantia fluminensis is a herbaceous monocot originally from South America which is an invasive weed in many countries. Manual control is highly intensive and efforts have been made to establish colonies of three biocontrol beetles: Neolema ogloblini, Neolema abbreviata and Lema basicostata. Each beetle has its own characteristic life cycle and pattern of tradescantia damage. We construct a model of both plant and beetle population to assess the initial stages of interaction after the release of each biocontrol species. We parametrize the model using field data and give values for parameters which are hard to observe. We use the model to estimate the size of the released population needed for immediate plant control and test the sensitivity of this estimate to parameter estimates using a novel Monte Carlo method. Our results show that this may be a successful method of biocontrol under some circumstances, but the initial number of beetles released would be unrealistically large in some cases. We consider ways that this model could be expanded in future to evaluate longer-term interactions.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The earliest fossil cetacean with Osedax borings: narrowing the spatiotemporal gap between Cretaceous marine reptiles and late Cenozoic whales. 具有Osedax钻孔的最早鲸类化石：缩小白垩纪海生爬行动物与晚新生代鲸鱼之间的时空差距。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250446

Sarah Jamison-Todd, Philip D Mannion, Paul Upchurch

{"title":"The earliest fossil cetacean with Osedax borings: narrowing the spatiotemporal gap between Cretaceous marine reptiles and late Cenozoic whales.","authors":"Sarah Jamison-Todd, Philip D Mannion, Paul Upchurch","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250446","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250446","url":null,"abstract":"Borings of the extant bone-eating worm Osedax have previously been found in Cenozoic cetaceans and Cretaceous marine reptiles. The stratigraphically youngest Cretaceous example is from the Maastrichtian, and, until now, the oldest Cenozoic example was from the Oligocene. This leaves a substantial temporal and taxonomic gap between examples from both Osedax-hosting tetrapod groups. Here, we report nine fossil cetacean specimens with Osspecus (Osedax bioerosion), identified via CT scans. These include a late Eocene occurrence of the basilosaurid Zyghorhiza kochii from the eastern USA, which represents the earliest known Cenozoic occurrence of Osedax borings, narrowing the temporal gap between occurrences of Osspecus in Cretaceous marine reptiles and Cenozoic whales. These specimens also include the first Osspecus-bearing fossil cetaceans from the northwestern Atlantic, expanding the Cenozoic biogeography of Osedax. Six ichnospecies of Osspecus are found in these cetacean fossils, including one newly described ichnospecies. The high morphological diversity of Osspecus in these Cenozoic specimens is broadly consistent with that of the Late Cretaceous, with several ichnospecies now known from both time intervals. Surviving lineages of other large marine vertebrates, such as turtles, crocodyliforms and fish, likely acted as suitable resources for Osedax across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, bridging both the temporal and taxonomic gap.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI for social good. 人工智能造福社会。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241809

Philip Treleaven, Daniel Brown

{"title":"AI for social good.","authors":"Philip Treleaven, Daniel Brown","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241809","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241809","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the Generative AI Education (GenAIE) programme: using generative AI (GenAI) to provide personalized education to disadvantaged people, notably probationers and prisoners. For the UK Probation and Prison Service, GenAI (Introducing ChatGPT, 2025, OpenAI; see https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt (accessed January 2025)) is providing education for felons to help stop them reoffending. The UK has over 80 000 prisoners and education is the best deterrent to reoffending, which costs £18bn ($23b) pa (Reoffending Costs, UK Parliament, 2022; see https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2022-0309/137323 (accessed January 2025)). The AI 'tsunami' led by GenAI will be hugely disruptive for business and society. However, it also offers pioneering opportunities for social good, notably through personalized education/training for socially excluded and disadvantaged groups (e.g. people on probation, people in prison, refugees, long-term unemployed, long-term sick, low-aspiration young people); thereby transforming their future and addressing major social problems. As a starting point, University College London and MegaNexus are working with educational professionals to produce personalized training content specifically for the Justice sectors, including probation and prisons, described below, which evidences and demonstrates the positive power of GenAI for social benefit. This is part of our AI for Social Good programme. As of 31 November 2024, the GenAIE programme had gained over 53 400 users and accumulated over 596 600 hours of Education, Training and Employment learning. We are now working with local councils to support their social services key workers and their clients. To make our paper self-contained but concise, key technical terms are defined as bullet points.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Theory of Mind and Mental Time Travel abilities build on joint cognitive foundations? 心智理论和心理时间旅行能力建立在共同的认知基础上吗？

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-06-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241960

Lydia Paulin Schidelko, Leonie Baumann, Marina Proft, Hannes Rakoczy

{"title":"Do Theory of Mind and Mental Time Travel abilities build on joint cognitive foundations?","authors":"Lydia Paulin Schidelko, Leonie Baumann, Marina Proft, Hannes Rakoczy","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241960","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241960","url":null,"abstract":"Higher cognition is special in that it goes beyond representing the here and now. Two relevant forms of such thinking are Theory of Mind (ToM) that enables us to represent others' perspectives, and Mental Time Travel (MTT) that enables us to represent other points in time. The present studies investigate how these capacities are related in development. Do they build on the same cognitive foundations and thus emerge together? Do higher-order forms of the two abilities rely on analogous recursive embedding and thus progress in parallel and coordinated ways? We addressed these questions in four studies with 3- to 9-year-old children (N = 395). ToM was operationalized as first-, second- and third-order false belief understanding. MTT was operationalized as reasoning about future possibilities (first-order), counterfactual reasoning (second-order) and anticipating counterfactual emotions (third-order). Study 1 shows a stepwise development of both ToM and MTT and a moderate consistency of performance patterns. However, across all four studies, we did not find robust correlations between first-, second- and third-order tasks of ToM and MTT, respectively. Overall, these results show stepwise and parallel trajectories in ToM and MTT, but do not provide stringent evidence for a joint cognitive foundation of the two capacities.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0