Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第10页

To what extent is research on infrahumanization confounded by intergroup preference? 群体间偏好在多大程度上混淆了对非人性化的研究？

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241348

Carl Bunce, Adam Eggleston, Robert Brennan, Harriet Over

{"title":"To what extent is research on infrahumanization confounded by intergroup preference?","authors":"Carl Bunce, Adam Eggleston, Robert Brennan, Harriet Over","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241348","url":null,"abstract":"The most prominent social psychological account of dehumanization, infrahumanization theory, argues outgroups are dehumanized to the extent they are denied uniquely human emotions. Recent critiques have identified a confound in previous research whereby uniquely human emotions used as stimuli tend to be more prosocial than the emotions shared with other species. Consequently, apparent evidence for subtle dehumanization may be better explained by intergroup preference. While there is growing appreciation that some studies are confounded this way, the extent of this problem has proved controversial. To gauge prevalence of the confound, we systematically reviewed the infrahumanization literature and extracted all emotion terms used. Participants rated the extent to which these emotions appeared unique to humans and prosocial. From these data, we calculated the percentage of studies that confound humanness with prosociality. In the 10 most cited papers, 95.5% of reported studies were confounded in the predicted direction. Across all 152 studies, 79.6% showed the same issue. These findings point to a pervasive methodological problem, impacting our understanding of discrimination and the reliability of social psychological data. To facilitate progress moving forward, we introduce a freely accessible tool, powered by our emotion rating database, to help researchers generate rigorously controlled stimulus sets.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing the burden of psychological questionnaire measures through selective item re-weighting. 通过选择性项目重加权减轻心理问卷测量负担。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241857

Toby Wise, Nura Sidarus

引用次数: 0

Non-household environments make a major contribution to dengue transmission: implications for vector control. 非家庭环境对登革热传播有重大影响：对病媒控制的影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241919

Víctor Hugo Peña-García, A Desiree LaBeaud, Bryson A Ndenga, Francis M Mutuku, Donal Bisanzio, Jason R Andrews, Erin A Mordecai

{"title":"Non-household environments make a major contribution to dengue transmission: implications for vector control.","authors":"Víctor Hugo Peña-García, A Desiree LaBeaud, Bryson A Ndenga, Francis M Mutuku, Donal Bisanzio, Jason R Andrews, Erin A Mordecai","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241919","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of Aedes-borne pathogens has been increasing despite vector control efforts. Control strategies typically target households (HH), where Aedes mosquitoes breed in HH containers and bite indoors. However, our study in Kenyan cities of Kisumu and Ukunda (2019-2022) revealed high Aedes abundance in public spaces, prompting the question: How important are non-household (NH) environments for dengue transmission and control? Using field data and human activity patterns, we developed an agent-based model simulating transmission across HH and five types of NH environments, which was then used to evaluate preventive (before an epidemic) and reactive (after an epidemic commences) vector control scenarios. Our findings estimate over half of infections occurring in NH settings, particularly workplaces, markets and recreational sites. Container removal was more effective in NH than in HH areas, contrasting with the global focus on HH-based management. Greater reductions in dengue cases occurred with early, high-coverage interventions, especially in NH locations. Additionally, local ecological factors, such as uneven water container distribution, influence control outcomes. This study underscores the importance of vector control in both HH and NH environments in endemic settings. It highlights a specific approach to inform evidence-based decision-making to target limited vector control resources for optimal control.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personality predicts song complexity in superb fairy-wrens. 超级细尾鹩莺的个性预示着歌曲的复杂性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241497

Diane Colombelli-Négrel, Andrew C Katsis, Lauren K Common, Sonia Kleindorfer

{"title":"Personality predicts song complexity in superb fairy-wrens.","authors":"Diane Colombelli-Négrel, Andrew C Katsis, Lauren K Common, Sonia Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241497","url":null,"abstract":"In birds, singing behaviours play a critical role in mating and territory defence. Although birdsong can signal individual quality and personality, very few studies have explored the relationship between individual personality and song characteristics, and none has investigated this in females. Here, we examined the relationships between song complexity and two ecologically relevant personality traits (exploration and aggressiveness) in wild superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus), a species in which both sexes learn to produce complex songs. First, we assessed personality in males and females (including juveniles) by quantifying their exploration behaviour (novel environment test) and aggressiveness (mirror stimulation test) during short-term captivity. After birds were released, we recorded their songs over several months to assess individual variation in song complexity (i.e. element types per song and syllables per song) in relation to personality. Regardless of their sex or life stage, individuals that were more exploratory had more element types per song. Additionally, more aggressive individuals produced songs with fewer syllables, and more aggressive fledglings, but not adults, had more element types per song. Our study supports the idea that both male and female birds can advertise their personality when singing, which may be important for mate choice.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of a short-term removal of the dominant male on vocalization in captive groups of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorynchos). 短期移除雄鸟对圈养大喙乌鸦发声的影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241458

Illia Aota, Mayu Takano, Ei-Ichi Izawa

{"title":"Effects of a short-term removal of the dominant male on vocalization in captive groups of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorynchos).","authors":"Illia Aota, Mayu Takano, Ei-Ichi Izawa","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241458","url":null,"abstract":"Dominance hierarchy is widespread among group-living animals as a conflict resolution strategy to avoid the cost and risk of fights among individuals. Dominance signals are well-known mechanisms that allow individuals to assess their opponent's fighting ability without physical contact, thereby maintaining dominance relationships. In fission-fusion societies, where group composition is fluid, dominance status can shift depending on the current group members. In such situations, vocal signals may be particularly useful as dominance signals due to their easy modification by the signaller. In this study, we investigated the relationship between rank-dependent behaviours and rank ascending by temporarily removing individuals from captive groups of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos). We removed either the first-ranked or third-ranked individuals from the group for 1 day and compared the behaviours of the remaining group members before the removal, during the removal and after the removed individuals rejoined the group. We found that the number of sequential ka calls, which is assumed to be a status signal, increased only during the removal of first-ranked individuals and decreased after they rejoined the group. These results suggest that sequential ka calls serve as dominance signals, and the subordinates flexibly adjust their vocalization depending on the presence of high-ranked individuals.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neophobia Hypothesis: nest decoration in birds may reduce predation by corvids. 恐新假说：鸟类的巢装饰可能会减少鸦类的捕食。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250427

Magne Husby, Tore Slagsvold

{"title":"The Neophobia Hypothesis: nest decoration in birds may reduce predation by corvids.","authors":"Magne Husby, Tore Slagsvold","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250427","url":null,"abstract":"Many birds suffer heavily from nest predation, selecting several behaviours to avoid the risk. Corvids are among the most serious nest predators. However, they are also among the most neophobic of any birds. We suggest that nesting birds may take advantage of this fear by decorating the nest with anthropogenic materials that are novel to the predators (termed the Neophobia Hypothesis). They may also add large, conspicuous feathers that may indicate a site where a bird has recently been killed. In a study in the field, we found that territorial Eurasian magpies Pica pica waited for a longer period to remove eggs from artificial nests decorated with a shiny metal teaspoon, or with large, white feathers compared to adjacent artificial control nests with no decoration. On a landfill, where the birds had become more habituated to forage among anthropogenic material, common ravens Corvus corax also avoided nests decorated with a teaspoon or with feathers. The study supports the hypothesis that birds may suffer less nest predation by corvids if they decorate the nest with anthropogenic material or with large feathers.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"250427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the decision making of foraging vultures: insights from a field experiment. 解开觅食秃鹫的决策：来自野外实验的见解。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250085

Eneko Arrondo, Jorge Carracedo, Patrick McAllister, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Martina Scacco, Roberto Pascual-Rico, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Jose Antonio Donazar, Marcos Moleón, Jose Antonio Sánchez-Zapata

{"title":"Unravelling the decision making of foraging vultures: insights from a field experiment.","authors":"Eneko Arrondo, Jorge Carracedo, Patrick McAllister, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Martina Scacco, Roberto Pascual-Rico, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Jose Antonio Donazar, Marcos Moleón, Jose Antonio Sánchez-Zapata","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250085","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) integrates both the consumer and the resource, yet their simultaneous assessment is uncommon. Vultures represent an ideal model for OFT studies because carrion requires no capture effort and minimal handling, allowing them to focus primarily on food searching. Here, we combined GPS tracking of 61 Iberian griffon vultures (consumers) with photo-trapping monitoring of 49 carcasses (resources) to assess the determinants of vulture foraging and the consequences for carrion consumption in two areas with different carrion abundances. First, we determined the importance of different factors (distance to the resource, hunger and competition) in the decisions of individuals of whether to descend or not on a carcass. Second, we compared carrion consumption patterns (time of carcass discovery and consumption, and maximum number of vultures gathered around the carcass) between areas. We found that distance, rather than hunger, is the primary factor determining whether a vulture descends to a carcass. In parallel, carrion was consumed similarly in areas with different resource availabilities. These findings indicate that vultures tend to eat whenever a nearby opportunity arises, consistent with a type-I functional response.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"250085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungicide consumption exacerbates the negative effects of a common gut parasite in bumble bee microcolonies. 杀真菌剂的消耗加剧了大黄蜂微群落中一种常见肠道寄生虫的负面影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250225

Emily Runnion, Ellen Klinger, James Strange, Frances Sivakoff

{"title":"Fungicide consumption exacerbates the negative effects of a common gut parasite in bumble bee microcolonies.","authors":"Emily Runnion, Ellen Klinger, James Strange, Frances Sivakoff","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250225","url":null,"abstract":"Bumble bees face numerous environmental stressors, including gut-parasite infection and exposure to agricultural fungicides, which can negatively impact colony health. This study evaluates the interactive effects of these stressors on bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) microcolonies, focusing on colony development, worker survival and parasite infection dynamics. Our aim in evaluating these interactions was to determine if bees would experience synergistic negative health outcomes compared to single- stressor exposures. We reared 40 queenless bumble bee microcolonies, and treated them with either fungicide-contaminated pollen, inoculation with a gut parasite, both, or neither. Contrary to original expectations, we did not observe significant synergistic interactions between the two stressors; however, we found that consumption of fungicide was associated with higher likelihood of gut-parasite infection, and delayed recovery from infection. Fungicide consumption was also connected to smaller workers, and smaller male offspring. We also found that gut-parasite infection was correlated with decreased pollen consumption overall, decreased worker survival and fewer developed pupae. This study provides insights into the impacts of co-occurring stressors affecting bumble bees and emphasizes the importance of sublethal effects on pollinator health.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"250225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minority identity and social structures shape diffusion dynamics of minority languages: a combined macro and micro approach. 少数民族身份和社会结构塑造了少数民族语言的传播动态：宏观和微观相结合的方法。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250011

Ya Gao, Wenqi Liu

{"title":"Minority identity and social structures shape diffusion dynamics of minority languages: a combined macro and micro approach.","authors":"Ya Gao, Wenqi Liu","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250011","url":null,"abstract":"Language is a tool for cultural communication, and diffusion is influenced by many factors. However, many studies have highlighted the importance of language status, while the critical factor of minority identity has been neglected. Minority identity is a sociological factor reflecting individual preferences for minority languages. Here, we introduce a framework for characterizing the language diffusion within minority groups, leading to the emergence of new ethnolinguistic phenomena: language segregation and coexistence. This finding challenges the previous assumption that language status alone determines language dynamics. Furthermore, we add a self-minority identity transmission mechanism to understand how language diffusion occurs. Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analyses reveal that self-minority identity transmission significantly fosters minority language diffusion in both heterogeneous and homogeneous networks, especially in heterogeneous networks, and that increasing the average degree of the network promotes minority language diffusion. Finally, we apply a real-world social network in the Wa minority region of Yunnan, China, to validate that minority language diffusion exhibits a phase transition and that the critical threshold depends on the network structure and the diffusion of self-minority identity. Moreover, we deepen the theoretical understanding of sociolinguistics and provide a theoretical basis and policy recommendations for protecting and promoting minority languages.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"250011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stereotypical bias amplification and reversal in an experimental model of human interaction with generative artificial intelligence. 人类与生成式人工智能互动的实验模型中的刻板偏见放大和逆转。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-09 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241472

Kevin Allan, Jacobo Azcona, Somayajulu Sripada, Georgios Leontidis, Clare A M Sutherland, Louise H Phillips, Douglas Martin

{"title":"Stereotypical bias amplification and reversal in an experimental model of human interaction with generative artificial intelligence.","authors":"Kevin Allan, Jacobo Azcona, Somayajulu Sripada, Georgios Leontidis, Clare A M Sutherland, Louise H Phillips, Douglas Martin","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241472","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotypical biases are readily acquired and expressed by generative artificial intelligence (AI), causing growing societal concern about these systems amplifying existing human bias. This concern rests on reasonable psychological assumptions, but stereotypical bias amplification during human-AI interaction relative to pre-existing baseline levels has not been demonstrated. Here, we use previous psychological work on gendered character traits to capture and control gender stereotypes expressed in character descriptions generated by Open AI's GPT3.5. In four experiments (N = 782) with a first impressions task, we find that unexplained ('black-box') character recommendations using stereotypical traits already convey a potent persuasive influence significantly amplifying baseline stereotyping within first impressions. Recommendations that are counter-stereotypical eliminate and effectively reverse human baseline bias, but these stereotype-challenging influences propagate less well than reinforcing influences from stereotypical recommendations. Critically, the bias amplification and reversal phenomena occur when GPT3.5 elaborates on the core stereotypical content, although GPT3.5's explanations propagate counter-stereotypical influence more effectively and persuasively than black-box recommendations. Our findings strongly imply that without robust safeguards, generative AI will amplify existing bias. But with safeguards, existing bias can be eliminated and even reversed. Our novel approach safely allows such effects to be studied in various contexts where gender and other bias-inducing social stereotypes operate.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0