Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第9页

Non-adjacent dependency processing (or lack thereof) in bonobos: an artificial grammar experiment. 倭黑猩猩的非相邻依赖处理（或缺乏）：人工语法实验。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242173

Maël Leroux, Nicole J Lahiff, Chiara Zulberti, Amanda Epping, Calle Uerling, Jared P Taglialatela, Jutta L Mueller, Stuart K Watson, Simon W Townsend

{"title":"Non-adjacent dependency processing (or lack thereof) in bonobos: an artificial grammar experiment.","authors":"Maël Leroux, Nicole J Lahiff, Chiara Zulberti, Amanda Epping, Calle Uerling, Jared P Taglialatela, Jutta L Mueller, Stuart K Watson, Simon W Townsend","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242173","url":null,"abstract":"A key feature of language is our capacity to process syntactic relationships between words, whether they are directly sequential ('adjacent dependencies') or separated by other words ('non-adjacent dependencies'). Recent data suggest that the basic ability to compute adjacent and non-adjacent dependencies is not uniquely human, but rooted deep within our primate lineage, perhaps as far back as our last shared ancestor with chimpanzees and common marmosets (approx. 40 Ma). However, this conclusion hinges on comparable data from other non-human primate species, in particular from bonobos, to whom we are equidistantly related to chimpanzees. To further explore this ancestral hypothesis, we tested if bonobos process both adjacent and non-adjacent dependencies in an artificial grammar learning paradigm. We habituated subjects to strings of arbitrary acoustic stimuli comprised of predictive 'rules' between elements that were consistent with adjacent and non-adjacent dependencies. We then tested whether the bonobos were able to (i) apply these rules to novel acoustic stimuli and (ii) detect rule violations. Ultimately, we found no evidence that bonobos processed adjacent or non-adjacent dependencies. This finding ostensibly complicates claims for homologous origins for this capacity, but additional data from other bonobo populations and other great ape species are necessary to draw firm evolutionary inferences.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"242173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cas9-based enrichment for targeted long-read metabarcoding. 基于cas9的目标长读元条形码富集。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242110

Lucia Nikolaeva-Reynolds, Christopher Cammies, Rosemary Crichton, Thomas E Gorochowski

{"title":"Cas9-based enrichment for targeted long-read metabarcoding.","authors":"Lucia Nikolaeva-Reynolds, Christopher Cammies, Rosemary Crichton, Thomas E Gorochowski","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242110","url":null,"abstract":"Metabarcoding is a valuable tool for characterizing the communities that underpin the functioning of ecosystems. However, current methods often rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for enrichment of marker genes. PCR can introduce significant biases that affect quantification and is typically restricted to one target loci at a time, limiting the diversity that can be captured in a single reaction. Here, we address these issues by using Cas9 to enrich marker genes for long-read nanopore sequencing directly from a DNA sample, removing the need for PCR. We show that this approach can effectively isolate a 4.5 kb region covering partial 18S and 28S rRNA genes and the ITS region in a mixed nematode community, and further adapt our approach for characterizing a diverse microbial community. We demonstrate the ability for Cas9-based enrichment to support multiplexed targeting of several different DNA regions simultaneously, enabling optimal marker gene selection for different clades of interest within a sample. We also find a strong correlation between input DNA concentrations and output read proportions for mixed-species samples, demonstrating the ability for quantification of relative species abundance. This study lays a foundation for targeted long-read sequencing to more fully capture the diversity of organisms present in complex environments.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"242110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Categories of important edges in dynamics on graphs. 图上动力学中重要边的分类。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241086

Dzmitry Rumiantsau, Johannes Falk, Piotr Nyczka, Marc-Thorsten Hütt

{"title":"Categories of important edges in dynamics on graphs.","authors":"Dzmitry Rumiantsau, Johannes Falk, Piotr Nyczka, Marc-Thorsten Hütt","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241086","url":null,"abstract":"How important is a single edge of a graph for a specific dynamical task? This question is of practical relevance to many research fields and is pivotal to understanding the structure-function relationships in complex networks more deeply. Here, we design an analysis strategy to answer it and explore the connection of such importance to network topology. Our approach for evaluating dynamical edge importance is based on the differences in time courses between dynamics on the original graph <math><mi>G</mi></math> and on the graph <math><msup><mi>G</mi> <mo>-</mo></msup> </math> missing an edge. To demonstrate the method's versatility, we apply it to two drastically different classes of dynamics-a minimal model of excitable dynamics, and totalistic cellular automata on graphs as representatives of pattern formation. Our results suggest that the dynamical usage of a graph relies on markedly different topological attributes for these two classes of processes. Finally, we study dynamical edge importance in the macaque cortical area network, to illustrate possible real-world applications. We find that dynamical importance of edges differ between the network and its switch-randomized counterparts, and these differences can be functionally interpreted. Moreover, they are qualitatively distinct for long-time courses and short transients, highlighting different parts of the network's intended function.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic anticancer activity of resveratrol-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and sunitinib in colorectal cancer treatment. 白藜芦醇负载聚合物纳米颗粒与舒尼替尼在结直肠癌治疗中的协同抗癌活性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241817

Punnida Nonsuwan, Nattarika Niwetbowornchai, Kanyanut Insawang, Natsuda Kunwong, Kornrawee Srichan, Chatchawan Srisawat, Paweena Dana, Nattika Saengkrit, Kytai T Nguyen, Primana Punnakitikashem

{"title":"Synergistic anticancer activity of resveratrol-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and sunitinib in colorectal cancer treatment.","authors":"Punnida Nonsuwan, Nattarika Niwetbowornchai, Kanyanut Insawang, Natsuda Kunwong, Kornrawee Srichan, Chatchawan Srisawat, Paweena Dana, Nattika Saengkrit, Kytai T Nguyen, Primana Punnakitikashem","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241817","url":null,"abstract":"The development of novel and effective treatment strategies, particularly through drug combinations, can significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes. This study explores the innovative combination of resveratrol (RES), a phenolic compound, with sunitinib (SUNI), a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for targeting human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. We identified a synergistic effect at a SUNI:RES ratio of 1:8, based on their half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Increasing the dosage of the combined treatment led to a notable reduction in cell viability, observed in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional cell cultures. To improve RES therapeutic efficacy, drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA-RES) were successfully fabricated with an average diameter of 178.4 ± 4.6 nm. The combination of PLGA-RES and free SUNI at the optimal ratio exhibited enhanced anticancer activity, reducing cell viability by approximately 25 and 15% more than PLGA-RES and free SUNI alone, respectively, in 2D cultures. Moreover, this combination therapy demonstrated superior effectiveness in treating HT-29 spheroids over 24 and 48 h. These findings highlight the potential of this combined approach to improve colorectal cancer treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural network properties of hydrophilic polymers as a key for development of the general theory of evolution. 亲水聚合物的神经网络特性是发展一般进化论的关键。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242149

Sherniyaz Kabdushev, Oleg Gabrielyan, Eldar Kopishev, Ibragim Suleimenov

{"title":"Neural network properties of hydrophilic polymers as a key for development of the general theory of evolution.","authors":"Sherniyaz Kabdushev, Oleg Gabrielyan, Eldar Kopishev, Ibragim Suleimenov","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242149","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the existing literature demonstrates that in order to address the fundamental challenges associated with the origin of life, it is essential to consider this problem from a comprehensive perspective, specifically from the vantage point of the general theory of evolution of complex systems. From these positions, life should be regarded as a distinctive instance of an information storage and processing system that emerges naturally. Evolutionary processes should be examined from the vantage point of the coevolution of material and informational components, which has not been sufficiently emphasized hitherto. It is shown that a specific example in this respect is analogues of neural networks spontaneously formed in solutions of some hydrophilic polymers. Such systems lead to the formation of non-trivial information objects. A wide range of other examples is considered, proving that the processes occurring with the participation of hydrophilic polymers should be interpreted, among other things, from the point of view of formation of information objects, which, under certain conditions, influence the processes occurring at the molecular and supramolecular level. It is shown that it is reasonable to use the tools of classical dialectics to solve such fundamental problems as that of the origin of life.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"242149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biarticular gastrocnemii muscles increase their joint energy transfer potential at high running speeds. 双关节腓肠肌在高速度下增加其关节能量传递潜能。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241933

Sebastian Bohm, Christos Theodorakis, Morteza Ghasemi, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis

{"title":"Biarticular gastrocnemii muscles increase their joint energy transfer potential at high running speeds.","authors":"Sebastian Bohm, Christos Theodorakis, Morteza Ghasemi, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241933","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of energy transfer mechanisms between the ankle and the knee joint by the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles at high running speeds is currently unknown. During running at seven speeds (3.0-8.5 m s-1), the ankle and knee joint kinematics as well as the electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis were captured. By means of the ankle-knee joint coupling angles, we determined the energy transfer potential between the two joints as the fraction of contact time where the joint angles are in-phase. At speeds above 6.0 m s-1, the ankle-to-knee joint energy transfer potential during the first part of stance and the knee-to-ankle energy transfer potential during the second part of stance were increased by 37% and 12%, respectively. This was accompanied by a 2.8-fold and 2.0-fold increase of the gastrocnemii muscle activation. The findings demonstrate a speed-dependent modification of the ankle-knee joint coordination towards an in-phase pattern in combination with an increase in muscle activation, which enhances the possibility of energy transfer between the two joints by the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles. An increased energy transfer from the knee to the ankle joint is probably necessary to increase the power output at the ankle joint, required for the highest running speeds.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Out of the labs and into the streets: Effects of climate protests by environmental scientists. 走出实验室，走向街头：环境科学家对气候抗议的影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241001

Fabian Dablander, Maien S M Sachisthal, Adam R Aron

{"title":"Out of the labs and into the streets: Effects of climate protests by environmental scientists.","authors":"Fabian Dablander, Maien S M Sachisthal, Adam R Aron","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241001","url":null,"abstract":"There have been increasing calls for scientists to 'get out of the labs and into the streets' and become more involved in climate change advocacy and protest, including civil disobedience. A growing number of scientists are heeding these calls, but the potential impact of such engagement on the public and the credibility of science remains critically understudied. In this registered report, we used a vignette approach to examine the potential effects of scientists' engagement in two types of protest in a large representative sample (in terms of age and gender; n = 2856) of people in the United States, taking into account political affiliation. Contrary to our predictions, we found that an environmental scientist's endorsement of or involvement in a protest did not reduce public support for oil and gas drilling, increase support for activists or alter perceptions of protest radicalness. As predicted, we found that scientists' participation in protests did not reduce the public's reported level of credibility of the participating scientists or of environmental scientists more broadly. These findings suggest that scientists can engage in public protest without compromising their credibility, but that such actions alone may have less impact than one would like to believe.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robustness of large language models in moral judgements. 大型语言模型在道德判断中的鲁棒性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241229

Soyoung Oh, Vera Demberg

引用次数: 0

Evaluating trade-offs between COVID-19 prevention and learning loss: an agent-based simulation analysis. 评估COVID-19预防和学习损失之间的权衡：基于主体的模拟分析。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231842

Kenneth Chen, Eva A Enns

{"title":"Evaluating trade-offs between COVID-19 prevention and learning loss: an agent-based simulation analysis.","authors":"Kenneth Chen, Eva A Enns","doi":"10.1098/rsos.231842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231842","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges in educational settings. Schools implemented a variety of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, some of which were controversial due to potential disruptions to in-person learning. We developed an agent-based model of COVID-19 in a US high school setting to evaluate potential trade-offs between preventing COVID-19 infections versus avoiding in-person learning loss under different mitigation policies in a post-Omicron context. Mitigation policies included isolation alone and in combination with quarantine of exposed students, weekly testing of all students or testing of exposed students ('test-to-stay') under different scenarios of mask use and booster dose uptake. Outcomes were simulated over an 11 week trimester. We found that requiring a full 5 or 10 day quarantine of exposed students reduced COVID-19 infections by five to sevenfold relative to isolation alone, but at a cost of nearly 40% learning days lost. Test-to-stay achieved nearly the same level of infection reduction with lower levels of learning loss. Weekly testing also reduced COVID-19 infections but was less effective and incurred higher learning loss than test-to-stay. Universal masking and increased vaccination not only reduced infections at no cost to learning but also synergized with other strategies to reduce trade-offs.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"231842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bite force production and the origin of Homo. 咬合力的产生与人属的起源。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241879

Justin A Ledogar, Stefano Benazzi, Amanda L Smith, Paul C Dechow, Qian Wang, Rebecca W Cook, Dimitri Neaux, Callum F Ross, Ian R Grosse, Barth W Wright, Gerhard W Weber, Craig Byron, Stephen Wroe, David S Strait

{"title":"Bite force production and the origin of Homo.","authors":"Justin A Ledogar, Stefano Benazzi, Amanda L Smith, Paul C Dechow, Qian Wang, Rebecca W Cook, Dimitri Neaux, Callum F Ross, Ian R Grosse, Barth W Wright, Gerhard W Weber, Craig Byron, Stephen Wroe, David S Strait","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241879","url":null,"abstract":"The divergence of Homo from gracile australopiths has been described as a trend of decreasing dentognathic size and robusticity, precipitated by stone tool use and/or a shift to softer foods, including meat. Yet, mechanical evidence supporting this narrative is sparse, and isotopic and archaeological data have led to the suggestion that a shift away from a gracile australopith-like diet would not have occurred in the most basal members of Homo but rather only with the appearance of Homo erectus, implying that the origin of our genus is not rooted in dietary change. Here, we provide mechanical evidence that Homo habilis exhibits an australopith-like pattern of facial strain during biting but, unlike most australopiths, was not suited for a diet that required forceful processing by the molar teeth. Homo habilis was at elevated risk of distractive jaw joint forces during those bites, constraining muscle recruitment so as to avoid generating uncomfortable/dangerous levels of tension in the joint. Modern humans have similar limitations. This suggests that selection on skeletal traits favouring forceful postcanine processing was relaxed by the earliest stages in the evolution of our genus, implying that dietary or food processing changes played an important role in the emergence of Homo.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0