Royal Society Open Science最新文献

{"title":"A wild bumble bee shows intraspecific differences in sensitivity to multiple pesticides.","authors":"Anna R Tatarko, Rachel L Vannette, Steven Frese, Anne Leonard","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250281","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild pollinator declines are increasingly linked to pesticide exposure, yet it is unclear how intraspecific differences contribute to observed variation in sensitivity, and the role gut microbes play in the sensitivity of wild bees is largely unexplored. Here, we investigate site-level differences in survival and microbiome structure of a wild bumble bee exposed to multiple pesticides, both individually and in combination. We collected wild <i>Bombus vosnesenskii</i> foragers (<i>N</i> = 175) from an alpine meadow, a valley lake shoreline and a suburban park and maintained them on a diet containing a herbicide (glyphosate), a fungicide (tebuconazole), an insecticide (imidacloprid) or a combination of these chemicals. Alpine bees had the highest overall survival, followed by shoreline bees then suburban bees. This was in part explained by body size differences across sites and the presence of conopid parasitoids at two of the sites. Notably, site of origin impacted bee survival on the herbicide, fungicide and combination treatment. We did not find evidence of gut microbiome differences across pesticide treatment, nor a site-by-treatment interaction. Regardless, the survival differences we observed emphasize the importance of considering population of origin when studying pesticide toxicity of wild bees.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective intermittent exploration in fish schools is mediated by visual cues.","authors":"Deze Liu, Daniel Burbano","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250033","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploratory behaviour is fundamental to animal collectives, directly influencing fitness through resource acquisition and predator avoidance. Despite its ecological significance, the processes governing when and how animals initiate exploration in social contexts under varying sensory inputs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how the number of individuals and illumination (modulating visual input) influence zebrafish exploratory behaviour. Visual cues were quantified via opacity (field occupancy) and optic flow (relative motion). With visual input, zebrafish exhibited higher swimming activity and shorter exploratory bursts, while its absence led to more dispersed and prolonged exploration. Interestingly, fish triads without visual input exhibited longer exploration times compared to dyads. A data-driven stochastic model revealed a bistable potential landscape balancing social cohesion and exploration, modulated by a parabolic noise term driving decision-making. Visual cues biased the potential towards conspecific proximity, while their absence diminished this effect, promoting prolonged exploration. The noise term follows an entropy-like pattern analogous to a coin flip, reaching maximal uncertainty at intermediate distances and forcing individuals to break indecision between proximity and exploration. These findings point to a complex interplay between sensory input and group dynamics, underscoring the profound impact of environmental changes and the number of conspecifics on collective behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the link between true-self and morality: Replication and extension Registered Report of Newman, Bloom, and Knobe (2014) Studies 1 and 2.","authors":"Shuk Ching Lee, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250908","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newman <i>et al</i>. 2014 Value judgments and the true self. <i>Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull.</i> <b>40</b>, 203-216. (doi:10.1177/0146167213508791) demonstrated that behaviours that are more aligned with moral values are perceived as more strongly reflecting a person's 'true-self', suggesting that morality plays an important role in how people perceive others' essential self. In this Registered Report, we conducted a close replication of Newman <i>et al.</i> 2014 Value judgments and the true self. <i>Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull.</i> <b>40</b>, 203-216. (doi:10.1177/0146167213508791)'s Studies 1 and 2 with an online US American sample recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk using CloudResearch (<i>N</i> = 803). We found support for Study 1's findings that morally positive changes in others are perceived as more reflective of true-self than morally negative changes, in both the forced-choice (original: <i>η²p</i> = 0.39, 95% CI [0.25, 0.51]; replication: <i>η²p</i> = 0.20, 95% CI [0.16, 0.23]) and the continuous scale (original: <i>η²p</i> = 0.33, 95% CI [0.19, 0.45]; replication: <i>η²p</i> = 0.22, 95% CI [0.15, 0.25]) measures. We found support for Study 2's findings that changes more aligned with observers' political moral views are perceived as more reflective of true-self (original: <i>η²p</i> = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11]; replication: <i>η²p</i> = 0.35, 95% CI [0.29, 0.41]). Extending the replication, we examined associations between true-self attributions and perceived social norms and found that social norms were positively associated with true-self attributions (Study 1: most <i>r</i>s ranged from 0.07 to 0.21; Study 2: <i>r</i>s = 0.10 to 0.30). Materials, data and analysis code are available on https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9FVTQ. This Registered Report has been officially endorsed by Peer Community in Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100372.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characterization of Holocene mandibles expands the ecological baseline for understanding gibbon extinction dynamics.","authors":"Samuel T Turvey, Alejandra Ortiz, Matthew Granger, Selina Brace, Rasmus Amund Henriksen, Qingping Yang, Tuấn Anh Nguyễn, Laura T Buck, Heidi Ma, James P Hansford, Thomas Booth, Helen J Chatterjee, Pengfei Fan, Xi Chen","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242065","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities have driven biodiversity loss for millennia, and conservation of 'refugee species' that survive as remnant populations requires insights from historical baselines. However, reconstructing the past distribution and ecology of such species is challenging due to data limitations with specimen-based archives. Here, we assess the taxonomic identity of two gibbon mandibles from the Wumingshan Neolithic site in Guangxi, China. Although ancient DNA extraction was unsuccessful, a suite of linear and geometric morphometric analyses using dental and mandibular characters reveals that these mandibles fall within or close to variation shown by extant Chinese <i>Nomascus</i> gibbons and can be assigned to the cao vit gibbon <i>N. nasutus</i>. This is now one of the world's rarest mammals, with a surviving population of 74 individuals in one site. Comparative assessment of bioclimatic, abiotic and anthropogenic parameters for Wumingshan and other sites where <i>N. nasutus</i> historically occurred reveals the species was formerly a landscape generalist but is now restricted to a high-elevation refugium with reduced human pressures. Our multidisciplinary analyses provide a new baseline on niche requirements and vulnerability for <i>N. nasutus</i> with implications for population management, demonstrating the importance of integrating environmental archives into conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"242065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae</i>, a neornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western USA.","authors":"Susannah C R Maidment, Paul M Barrett","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242195","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although their remains have been known since the 1870s, the small, bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western USA remain poorly known. The historic type specimens are incomplete and poorly preserved and have recently been designated as <i>nomina dubia</i>. Here, we describe a recently collected, partial but three-dimensionally preserved skeleton of a new small-bodied ornithischian from the Morrison Formation of Colorado, USA, that we name <i>Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae</i> gen. et sp. nov. The skeleton includes substantial portions of the axial and appendicular skeleton and, when scored into a phylogenetic analysis, is shown to be a non-cerapodan neornithischian, whose closest relative is <i>Yandusaurus hongheensis</i> from the Late Jurassic of China. The discovery of <i>Enigmacursor</i> enhances the diversity of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation and provides new information on their anatomy. In addition, it demonstrates that there is additional cryptic diversity of small-bodied Morrison Formation ornithischians, suggesting they were a more diverse component of these Late Jurassic ecosystems than was previously realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"242195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countering AI-generated misinformation with pre-emptive source discreditation and debunking.","authors":"Emily R Spearing, Constantina I Gile, Amy L Fogwill, Toby Prike, Briony Swire-Thompson, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich K H Ecker","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242148","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite widespread concerns over AI-generated misinformation, its impact on people's reasoning and the effectiveness of countermeasures remain unclear. This study examined whether a pre-emptive, source-focused inoculation-designed to lower trust in AI-generated information-could reduce its influence on reasoning. This approach was compared with a retroactive, content-focused debunking, as well as a simple disclaimer that AI-generated information may be misleading, as often seen on real-world platforms. Additionally, the extent to which trust in AI-generated information is malleable was also tested with an intervention designed to boost trust. Across two experiments (total <i>N</i> = 1223), a misleading AI-generated article influenced reasoning regardless of its alleged source (human or AI). In both experiments, the inoculation reduced general trust in AI-generated information, but did not significantly reduce the misleading article's specific influence on reasoning. The additional trust-boosting and disclaimer interventions used in Experiment 1 also had no impact. By contrast, debunking of misinformation in Experiment 2 effectively reduced its impact, although only a combination of inoculation and debunking eliminated misinformation influence entirely. Findings demonstrate that generative AI can be a persuasive source of misinformation, potentially requiring multiple countermeasures to negate its effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"242148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good, bad, different or something else? A scoping review of the convictions, conventions and developments around quality in qualitative research.","authors":"Xavier Salet, John Gelissen, Guy Moors, Jelte Wicherts","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242001","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a scoping review of methodological papers in the social science literature covered in Scopus from 2017 to 2022. In this review, we document the shared norms, ideals and practices regarding the quality of qualitative research methodology. More specifically, we examined the regularly proposed idea that qualitative methodology is so diverse that it is unfeasible to establish shared quality standards. Coding of 111 articles yielded 17 categories that relate to key topics discussed in publications on research quality in qualitative research, such as the quality of the research process, integrity, reflexivity, ethics and transparency. These codes reflect both established ideals and new developments. We conclude that articles in our sample have many shared values in common, but that these values at this point do not yet translate into shared research practices or a common core for quality evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"242001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history and nesting traits reflect urban tolerance in coastal birds.","authors":"Sarah L Jennings, Emma M Garrison, Clinton D Francis","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250116","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid urbanization has prompted considerable interest in understanding which species thrive or fail in these novel environments. Because half of the human population resides in coastal areas, studies that explicitly examine urban tolerances among coastal species are needed. Here, we sought to explain variation in coastal bird tolerances to urban habitats with species life history, diet, nest, social, sensory and sexual selection traits using phylogenetically informed models and three urban-tolerance indexes. We found that nest site height was the strongest predictor, with species nesting in elevated locations exhibiting greater urban tolerance, probably due to reduced anthropogenic disturbances and risk of predation. Life-history traits, including larger clutch sizes and lower brood value, reflecting more lifetime breeding attempts, also predicted urban tolerance, suggesting that fast reproductive strategies buffer against urban-associated risks. Contrary to our prediction, species with altricial young displayed higher urban tolerance, potentially due to shorter incubation and fledging times. Collectively, our results suggest that many of the predictors related to urban tolerance in songbirds also predict tolerances among a broader swath of avian diversity. Such knowledge should help researchers forecast the composition of coastal, urban bird communities in the future and will inform efforts to conserve functionally diverse coastal ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big team science reveals promises and limitations of machine learning efforts to model physiological markers of affective experience.","authors":"Nicholas A Coles, Bartosz Perz, Maciej Behnke, Johannes C Eichstaedt, Soo Hyung Kim, Tu N Vu, Chirag Raman, Julian Tejada, Van-Thong Huynh, Guangyi Zhang, Tanming Cui, Sharanyak Podder, Rushi Chavda, Shubham Pandey, Arpit Upadhyay, Jorge I Padilla-Buritica, Carlos J Barrera Causil, Linying Ji, Felix Dollack, Kiyoshi Kiyokawa, Huakun Liu, Monica Perusquia-Hernandez, Hideaki Uchiyama, Xin Wei, Houwei Cao, Ziqing Yang, Alessia Iancarelli, Kieran McVeigh, Yiyu Wang, Isabel M Berwian, Jamie C Chiu, Dan-Mircea Mirea, Erik C Nook, Henna I Vartiainen, Claire Whiting, Young Won Cho, Sy-Miin Chow, Zachary F Fisher, Yanling Li, Xiaoyue Xiong, Yuqi Shen, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Leandro A Bugnon, Raydonal Ospina, Nicolas M Bruno, Tomas A D'Amelio, Federico Zamberlan, Luis R Mercado Diaz, Javier O Pinzon-Arenas, Hugo F Posada-Quintero, Maneesh Bilalpur, Saurabh Hinduja, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Shaun Canavan, Liza Jivnani, Stanisław Saganowski","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241778","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers are increasingly using machine learning to study physiological markers of emotion. We evaluated the promises and limitations of this approach via a big team science competition. Twelve teams competed to predict self-reported affective experiences using a multi-modal set of peripheral nervous system measures. Models were trained and tested in multiple ways: with data divided by participants, targeted emotion, inductions, and time. In 100% of tests, teams outperformed baseline models that made random predictions. In 46% of tests, teams also outperformed baseline models that relied on the simple average of ratings from training datasets. More notably, results uncovered a methodological challenge: multiplicative constraints on generalizability. Inferences about the accuracy and theoretical implications of machine learning efforts depended not only on their architecture, but also how they were trained, tested, and evaluated. For example, some teams performed better when tested on observations from the same (vs. different) subjects seen during training. Such results could be interpreted as evidence against claims of universality. However, such conclusions would be premature because other teams exhibited the opposite pattern. Taken together, results illustrate how big team science can be leveraged to understand the promises and limitations of machine learning methods in affective science and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"241778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait.","authors":"Avi Amir, O Yuval, Amir Ayali","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250143","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Locomotor behaviour is a hallmark of animal biology and ecology. Mole crickets constitute a unique group of subterranean insects that present extreme morphological and behavioural adaptations. They therefore present a valuable model for locomotion-related research. Despite their remarkable leg-morphology adaptations, mole crickets mostly demonstrate the common insect double-tripod gait for locomotion. Here we report, however, that in response to an aversive stimulus from the front, the mole cricket will consistently adopt a unique backwards gait that we have termed 'backward-bound'. Our temporal and spatial analysis shows that this previously unreported six-legged gait comprises a cyclic alternation between the middle and hind-leg pairs with rarely observed (in insects) left-right in-phase synchronization, while the front legs display noisy and less-consistent phase dynamics. This exceptional gait is transient and is replaced by regular backwards walking after several cycles. It is employed to distance the animal quickly from danger. A gait that can be characterized as 'forward-bound' is also displayed by the mole cricket, albeit for a much shorter duration (up to two cycles).</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"250143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}