Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第7页

Could a female athlete run a 4-minute mile with improved aerodynamic drafting?

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241564

Edson Soares da Silva, Wouter Hoogkamer, Shalaya Kipp, Rodger Kram

引用次数: 0

Text understanding in GPT-4 versus humans.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-20 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241313

Thomas R Shultz, Jamie M Wise, Ardavan S Nobandegani

引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation for hazardous gas cloud form and dissipation behaviour of hydrogen-blended natural gas in a confined space.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241671

Shuangqing Chen, Minghao Li, Hongli Dong, Lan Meng, Bing Guan, Shun Zhou, Shanlong Wang, Chaofan Niu

{"title":"Numerical investigation for hazardous gas cloud form and dissipation behaviour of hydrogen-blended natural gas in a confined space.","authors":"Shuangqing Chen, Minghao Li, Hongli Dong, Lan Meng, Bing Guan, Shun Zhou, Shanlong Wang, Chaofan Niu","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241671","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) in a confined space is an issue, especially for ventilation processes. In this study, leakage and ventilation processes of low-pressure HBNG with different hydrogen-blended ratio (HBR) in a confined space are simulated and validated by experiment based on similarity criteria. For the leakage process, the leak direction and HBR do not significantly affect gas accumulation behaviour. The required time for a gas cloud to fill space decreases slightly with HBR rising and they generally show a linear relationship. For the ventilation process, the main influences on the leakage process are the total leakage mass and the ventilation conditions. The required time for hazardous gas cloud dissipation increases with total leakage mass and decreases with HBR. For different ventilation conditions, the ranking of required time to exhaust leaked gas is low > centre > high > mix. Through the analysis of pressure distribution, it is found time difference is produced by different airflow patterns. With the asymmetric layout, outside air rushes into the confined space from the high side and then flows out from the low side carrying the leaked HBNG. These findings inform the design of ventilation for HBNG utilization scenarios like restaurant facing the street.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Projected speaker numbers and dormancy risks of Canada's Indigenous languages.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241091

Michaël Boissonneault, Adam Tallman, Volker Gast, Simon J Greenhill

{"title":"Projected speaker numbers and dormancy risks of Canada's Indigenous languages.","authors":"Michaël Boissonneault, Adam Tallman, Volker Gast, Simon J Greenhill","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241091","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241091","url":null,"abstract":"UNESCO launched the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in 2022 to draw attention to the impending loss of nearly half of the world's linguistic diversity. However, how the speaker numbers and dormancy risks of these languages will evolve remains largely unexplored. Here, we use Canadian census data and probabilistic population projection to estimate changes in speaker numbers and dormancy risks of 27 Indigenous languages. Our model suggests that speaker numbers could, over the period 2001-2101, decline by more than 90% in 16 languages and that dormancy risks could surpass 50% among five. Since the declines are greater among already less commonly spoken languages, just nine languages could account for more than 99% of all Canadian Indigenous language speakers in 2101. Finally, dormancy risks tend to be higher among isolates and within specific language families, providing additional evidence about the uneven nature of language endangerment worldwide. Our approach further illustrates the magnitude of the crisis in linguistic diversity and suggests that demographic projection could be a useful tool in assessing the vitality of the world's languages.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An isofagomine analogue with an amidine group in the 1,6-position.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241877

I Caroline Vaaland Holmgard, Idd Andrea Christensen, Ljupcho Pejov, Monika Moreń, Nikolai Westlund, Tereza Cristina Santos Evangelista, Magne O Sydnes, Finn L Aachmann, Óscar López, Emil Lindbäck

引用次数: 0

Research on characteristic properties of ASiGe nanoribbons materials for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241793

Tran Minh Tien

{"title":"Research on characteristic properties of ASiGe nanoribbons materials for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications.","authors":"Tran Minh Tien","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241793","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241793","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the properties of armchair SiGe nanoribbon (ASiGeNR) configurations with varying ribbon widths. Using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package calculation program, several basic properties-such as electronic band structure, density of states, charge density distribution, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions, joint density of states (JDOS) and the optical absorption and reflection rates according to the energy of incident light-were investigated and evaluated. The electronic band structure was computed using both the generalized gradient approximation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof and HSE06 methods. The results show that the ASiGeNR configurations have a direct bandgap, ranging from a minimum of 0.0889 to a maximum of 0.7528 eV, depending on the number of atoms along the nanoribbon width, with the bandgap opening at the Γ point. There is a hybridization of sp² and sp³ orbitals in the ASiGeNRs, with the σ bonds being relatively stronger than the π bonds. ASiGeNR systems allow electromagnetic waves to pass through, primarily in the z-direction. The energy levels and directions in which the ASiGeNR structure absorbs or disperses the most energy occur between 2 and 4 eV in the y- and z-directions. The real part of the dielectric function varies significantly across the different structures, with the most noticeable change occurring in the z-direction. The ASiGeNR6 structure exhibits the highest absorption peak, which gradually decreases in the subsequent structures. The imaginary part of the dielectric function tends to peak at photon energies below 4 eV, indicating strong interaction between light and the material structures within this energy range. This suggests that changes in nanoribbon width significantly affect the optical properties of the material. The JDOS results align with the optical absorption spectrum, with peaks in JDOS corresponding to peaks in the optical absorption spectrum.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioural repertoires in moving crowds: an observational approach.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241561

Anna Sieben, Tom Postmes

{"title":"Behavioural repertoires in moving crowds: an observational approach.","authors":"Anna Sieben, Tom Postmes","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241561","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241561","url":null,"abstract":"The wide variety of behaviour found in crowds is a challenge for current models of crowd movement behaviour. To aid the development of a new generation of models, this paper develops a systematic observational approach based on social psychological knowledge about how humans recognize and use social meaning and structures. To develop this approach, we studied the movement behaviour of participants in a pedestrian crowd experiment, more specifically in four experimental runs (n = 351) of crowd situations, videotaped from a top-view perspective. In the experiments, large groups of around 80-90 imagined being on the way to a concert. There was no instruction for how to behave except that participants' motivation to arrive at the gate first was varied through instructions (low/high). Through a qualitative, iterative process of systematic observation a complete list of behavioural repertoires (an ethogram) was collected. Behaviours were performed by either individuals, small interactive groups or large action groups. The observational dataset was enriched with pedestrian trajectory data, used to create heatmaps for density and speed, as well as time-distance plots. The analysis reveals that participants show many, sometimes rapid, changes both between movement repertoires and between the social unit they are engaged in.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The fundamental frequencies of our own voice.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241081

Hakam Neamaalkassis, Yves Boubenec, Christian Fiebach, R Muralikrishnan, Alessandro Tavano

{"title":"The fundamental frequencies of our own voice.","authors":"Hakam Neamaalkassis, Yves Boubenec, Christian Fiebach, R Muralikrishnan, Alessandro Tavano","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241081","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241081","url":null,"abstract":"Own actions send a corollary discharge (CD) signal, that is a copy of the planned motor programme, to sensory-specific brain areas to suppress the anticipated sensory response, providing a neural basis for the sense of self. When we speak, the sensory consequences of the fundamental frequency ( <math><msub><mi>f</mi> <mtext>0</mtext></msub> </math> ) of our own voice, generated by vocal fold vibrations, are suppressed. However, due to bone/air conduction filtering effects, the <math><msub><mi>f</mi> <mtext>0</mtext></msub> </math> we self-generate is measurably different from the <math><msub><mi>f</mi> <mtext>0</mtext></msub> </math> we subjectively perceive as defining our own voice. Using an auditory change deafness paradigm, we parametrically tested the sensitivity to auditory change in the frequency neighbourhoods of objective and subjective own voice pitches and found that participants experience change deafness for both to a similar extent, relative to a control pitch condition. We conclude that when we listen attentively, we are likely to filter out small pitch changes in the vicinity of our own objective and subjective voice <math><msub><mi>f</mi> <mtext>0</mtext></msub> </math> , possibly as a long-term consequence of speaking-induced suppression mechanisms integrated with individual, perceptual bodily priors.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic kinetic resolution-mediated synthesis of C-3 hydroxylated arginine derivatives.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241607

Ye Zheng, Zhenyu Chen, Guy J Clarkson, Stephen A Marshall, Jianliang Xiao, Christopher J Schofield, Martin Wills, Andrew V Stachulski

引用次数: 0

If you blink at me, I'll blink back. Domestic dogs' feedback to conspecific visual cues.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241703

Chiara Canori, Tiziano Travain, Giulia Pedretti, Rachele Fontani, Paola Valsecchi

{"title":"If you blink at me, I'll blink back. Domestic dogs' feedback to conspecific visual cues.","authors":"Chiara Canori, Tiziano Travain, Giulia Pedretti, Rachele Fontani, Paola Valsecchi","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241703","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241703","url":null,"abstract":"Blinking, along with other facial expressions, has been suggested to play a role in dogs' intra- and interspecific communication, however the feedback this signal elicits from the audience is still poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the behavioural and physiological responses of 54 domestic dogs to videos of conspecifics performing blink. Based on existing literature, we hypothesized that dogs would show a higher rate of blinking when exposed to blink than to another facial expression (nose lick) and to an attentive still-looking face (control). Results showed that dogs blinked more during the blink video compared to the nose lick (NL) video, suggesting a mimicry phenomenon and implying a possible role of blinking in dogs' communication. Cardiac analyses showed increased heart rate variability values during the video sessions independently to the type of facial signal projected, suggesting that the stimuli were not perceived as stressful. The present results open the door to future investigation of blink synchronization, as this aspect was not directly addressed in the present study. Future research should also explore the effects of eye blink and NL in modulating intraspecific social interactions.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"241703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0