Royal Society Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Rise of the king: Gondwanan origins and evolution of megaraptoran dinosaurs.","authors":"Cassius Morrison, Charlie Roger Scherer, Ezekiel V O'Callaghan, Collin Layton, Colin Boisvert, Mauro Aranciaga Rolando, Leroy Durrant, Pedro Salas, Steven J R Allain, Samuel J L Gascoigne","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Late Cretaceous Earth was dominated by theropods such as tyrannosauroids and megaraptorans; however, it is unclear how these clades diversified and grew to massive proportions. This study aimed to conduct a biogeographical analysis and test climate as a potential mechanism for the increase in size. We used published phylogenetic matrices with the R package BioGeoBears to test different biogeographical hypotheses for both clades. We mapped body mass (BM) and body length against known climate data to test this potential hypothesis. Continental-scale variance did not drive tyrannosauroid biogeography and instead widespread ancestral populations, sympatric speciation and localized extinctions throughout these clades constricted geographic range. Both patterns were supported by statistical analyses. This biogeographical model also indicates the ancestor of the clade <i>Tarbosaurus</i> and <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> was present in both Asia and Laramidia, and therefore the ancestor of <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> came from Asia. Statistical data illustrated no correlation between Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and BM but potential climatic shifts may be associated with gigantism in derived megaraptorids and eutyrannosaurians. This biogeographical model implies megaraptorans may have had a cosmopolitan distribution prior to the splitting of Laurasia and Gondwana. Also, gigantism in these clades may be associated with climatic shifts in the Late Cretaceous.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"242238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What kinds of speeches motivate climate action?","authors":"Lukas Reinhardt, Harvey Whitehouse","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scientific evidence on the harmful consequences of climate change is clear yet appeals to scientific evidence alone may not be enough to inspire sufficient climate action. We analysed the effectiveness of four different speeches in video format delivered by a Global South politician to strengthen psychological bonding with humanity at large and motivate climate action in the form of donations with samples from the US, UK and South Africa. Each speech focused on one core argument: scientific evidence, morality, globally shared life experiences or humanity's shared ancestry. All speeches significantly increased bonding with humanity and donations. On average, the speeches were equally effective at increasing donations. The speech that appealed to humanity's shared ancestry had a stronger effect on bonding with humanity than the other three speeches and the speeches that appealed to globally shared life experiences and humanity's shared ancestry made participants feel less sad, angry and helpless than the speeches that appealed to scientific evidence and morality. We also present evidence on the effects of the speeches delivered by a Western academic in the UK and we discuss implications of our findings for future research and practical efforts to motivate climate action.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Game changing mutation.","authors":"Omer Edhan, Ziv Hellman","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a model of the effect of mutation on haploid sexually reproducing populations by modelling the reproductive dynamics as occurring in the context of a common interests game played by the loci, with the alleles in the role of pure actions. Absent mutations, the population will deterministically converge to a pure Nash equilibrium of the game. A novel mutation adds new alleles, hence is tantamount to a change of the game by the addition of new actions. If the new game defined by the mutation removes the former pure Nash equilibrium the game changing mutation becomes in addition a Nash equilibrium changing mutation, as the population will then move to a new equilibrium with an increase in fitness. A graph of common interests games is defined, and evolution by mutation is modelled as a path through this graph. We discuss two applications-fitness valley crossing and evolutionary contingency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging advances in machine learning for the robust classification and interpretation of networks.","authors":"Raima Carol Appaw, Nicholas M Fountain-Jones, Michael A Charleston","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to simulate realistic networks based on empirical data is an important task across scientific disciplines, from epidemiology to computer science. Often, simulation approaches involve selecting a suitable network generative model such as Erdös-Rényi or small-world. However, few tools are available to quantify if a particular generative model is suitable for capturing a given network structure or organization. We utilize advances in interpretable machine learning to classify simulated networks by our generative models based on various network attributes, using both primary features and their interactions. Our study underscores the significance of specific network features and their interactions in distinguishing generative models, comprehending complex network structures and the formation of real-world networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"240458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the effects of helper intentions on gratitude and indebtedness: Replication and extensions Registered Report of Tsang (2006).","authors":"Chi Fung Chan, Hiu Ching Lim, Fung Yee Lau, Wing Ip, Chak Fong Shannon Lui, Katy Yuen Yan Tam, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250508","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gratitude and indebtedness are common emotions in response to a favour, yet research suggests that they are experienced differently depending on the situation. Tsang (Tsang JA. 2006 The effects of helper intention on gratitude and indebtedness. &lt;i&gt;Motiv. Emot.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;30&lt;/b&gt;, 198-204. (doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9031-z)), found that gratitude for a favour depended on perceived helper intention, whereas indebtedness did not. Perceived benevolent helper intentions were associated with higher gratitude from beneficiaries compared to selfish ones, yet had no associations with indebtedness. In a registered report with a United States Prolific student sample (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 759), we conducted a replication and extensions of studies 2 and 3 from Tsang, 2006. In the original studies, Tsang found support for the impact of the helper's intention on gratitude (study 2: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.20 [0.08, 0.32]; study 3: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.14 [0.03, 0.26]), but not for indebtedness (study 2: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.01 [0.00, 0.08]; study 3: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.00 [0.00, 0.03]). In our replications, we found support for the impact of helper's intention on gratitude (study 2: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.33 [0.28, 0.37]; study 3: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.16 [0.12, 0.20]), and-as expected-no support for an effect on indebtedness (study 2: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.00 [0.00, 0.01]; study 3: &lt;math&gt; &lt;mstyle&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msubsup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mstyle&gt; &lt;/math&gt; = 0.01 [0.00, 0.01]). We concluded a successful replication, that helping intent was more strongly associated with gratitude than with indebtedness. Extending the replication, we found evidence for the impact of helper intention on perceived expectations for reciprocity (&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 1.51 [1.31, 1.71]), and reciprocity inclination (&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 0.66 [0.48, 0.84]), and for opposite associations of perceived reciprocity expectations with gratitude (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = -0.28 [-0.35, -0.22]) and indebtedness (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.17 [0.10, 0.24]). Materials, data and code are available on: https://osf.io/ghfy4/. This registered report has been officially endorsed by the Peer Community in Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100788","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"250508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing for normality in regression models: mistakes abound (but may not matter).","authors":"Stephen Midway, J Wilson White","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the misuse of normality tests in linear regression within ecology and biology, focusing on common misconceptions. A bibliometric review found that over 70% of ecology papers and 90% of biology papers incorrectly applied normality tests to raw data instead of model residuals. To assess the impact of this error, we simulated datasets with normal, interval, and skewed distributions across various sample and effect sizes. We compared statistical power between two approaches: testing the whole dataset for normality (incorrect) versus testing model residuals (correct) to determine whether to use a parametric (<i>t</i>-test) or nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U test) method. Our results showed minimal differences in statistical power between the approaches, even when normality was incorrectly tested on raw data. However, when residuals violated the normality assumption, using the Mann-Whitney U test increased statistical power by 3-4%. Overall, the study suggests that, while correctly testing residuals for normality enhances model performance, the impact of testing raw data is negligible in terms of power loss, especially with large sample sizes. The findings highlight the need for more awareness of proper statistical practices, especially in evaluating the assumptions of linear models.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-based analysis of biochemical oscillators using bond graphs and linear control theory.","authors":"Peter Gawthrop, Michael Pan","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bond graph approach has been recognized as a useful conceptual basis for understanding the behaviour of living entities modelled as a system with hierarchical interacting parts exchanging energy. One such behaviour is oscillation, which underpins many essential biological functions. In this paper, energy-based modelling of biochemical systems using the bond graph approach is combined with classical feedback control theory to give a novel approach to the analysis, and potentially synthesis, of biochemical oscillators. It is shown that oscillation is dependent on the interplay between <i>active</i> and <i>passive</i> feedback and this interplay is formalized using classical frequency-response analysis of feedback systems. In particular, the <i>phase margin</i> is suggested as a simple scalar indicator of the presence or absence of oscillations; it is shown how this indicator can be used to investigate the effect of both the structure and parameters of biochemical system on oscillation. It follows that the combination of classical feedback control theory and the bond graph approach to systems biology gives a novel analysis and design methodology for biochemical oscillators. The approach is illustrated using an introductory example similar to the Goodwin oscillator, the Sel'kov model of glycolytic oscillations and the repressilator.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrical synchronization of <i>Picea abies</i> during a solar eclipse.","authors":"Alessandro Chiolerio, Monica Gagliano, Silvio Pilia, Paolo Pilia, Giuseppe Vitiello, Mohammad Dehshibi, Andrew Adamatzky","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular light-dark cycles greatly affect organisms, and events like eclipses induce distinctive physiological and behavioural shifts. While well documented in animals, plant behaviour during eclipses remains largely unexplored. Here, we monitored multiple spruce trees to assess their individual and collective bioelectrical responses to a solar eclipse. Trees anticipated the eclipse, synchronizing their bioelectrical behaviour hours in advance. Older trees displayed greater anticipatory behaviour with early time-asymmetry and entropy increases. These results reveal a relationship between trees, shaped by individual age and physiology as well as collective history. This highlights the significance of synchrony in plants, offering new insights into coordinated behaviours in nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recalibration of perceived agency transfers across modalities.","authors":"Belkis Ezgi Arikan, Kielan Yarrow, Katja Fiehler","doi":"10.1098/rsos.231962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experience our actions and their sensory consequences as synchronous despite small sensorimotor delays. This is attained by an adaptation process in which the sensorimotor system recalibrates temporal discrepancies between actions and their feedback, as long as causality is maintained (i.e. feedback follows action). Predictive motor mechanisms boost action-feedback binding, aiding in adaptation. Sensorimotor temporal recalibration is therefore closely linked with perceived control over the action and its sensory feedback (sense of agency, SoA). Interestingly, recalibration can also transfer to another sense, indicating a generalized mechanism that adjusts the timing of action-feedback events. It is unclear whether recalibration of perceived agency is driven by a similar mechanism. Here, we investigated cross-modal transfer of perceived agency and simultaneity in a sensorimotor recalibration task. In an adaptation phase, participants executed button presses leading to an immediate or lagged (150 ms) occurrence of a Gabor patch. Subsequently, they were asked to make simultaneity or agency judgements for action-feedback pairs (Gabor patch or tone) with variable response-stimulus asynchronies (RSAs). We found adaptation of synchrony and agency judgements with transfer of recalibration for agency judgements. Our findings suggest flexible recalibration of perceived agency, suggesting SoA is not inferred solely on a match with modality-specific motor predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"231962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication bias is bad for science if not necessarily scientists.","authors":"Remco Heesen, Liam Kofi Bright","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It might seem obvious that the scientific process should not be biased. We strive for reliable inference, and systematically skewing the results of inquiry apparently conflicts with this. Publication bias-which involves only publishing certain types of results-seems particularly troubling and has been blamed for the replication crisis. While we ultimately agree, there are considerable nuances to take into account. Using a Bayesian model of scientific reasoning we show that a scientist who is aware of publication bias can (theoretically) interpret the published literature so as to avoid acquiring biased beliefs. Moreover, in some highly specific circumstances she might prefer not to bother with policies designed to mitigate or reduce the presence of publication bias-it would impose a cost in time or effort that she would not see any benefit in paying. However, we also argue that science as a social endeavour is made worse off by publication bias. This is because the social benefits of science are largely secured via go-between agents, various non-experts who nonetheless need to make use of or convey the results of scientific inquiry if its fruits are to be enjoyed by society at large. These are unlikely to be well-informed enough to account for publication bias appropriately. As such, we conclude, the costs of having to implement policies like mandatory pre-registration are worth imposing on scientists, even if they would perhaps not view these costs as worth paying for their own sake. The benefits are reaped by the go-between agents, and we argue that their perspective is quite properly favoured when deciding how to govern scientific institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"240688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}