Royal Society Open Science最新文献

{"title":"From Plexiglas to hologram: a path for layered artworks.","authors":"Philippe Gentet, Yosman Botero Gomez, Seung-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250874","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate the full-parallax holographic reproduction of a multilayer acrylic painting using the CHIMERA holographic printing system. The original artwork, composed of hand-painted transparent layers, was digitized, spatially reconstructed via holostereosynthesis in a three-dimensional environment and printed on a silver halide plate. This approach preserves spatial fidelity and artistic intent, offering a bridge between fine art and holography, with potential applications in cultural preservation, immersive displays and art education.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of cavitands-based nanocapsule as a drug delivery vehicle for an anti-cancer and multiple sclerosis drug-A DFT study.","authors":"Annum Ahsan, Sehrish Sarfaraz, Malai Haniti S A Hamid, Nadeem S Sheikh, Khurshid Ayub","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250005","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoscale-assisted drug delivery systems give a platform to alter elementary properties associated with drug particles to limit their adverse effects. In this regard, deep benzimidazolone cavitand-based dimeric nanocapsule, which can act as good host for small guest molecules, is considered to be used as drug delivery vehicle. In the current study, we report the benzimidazolone cavitand-based nanocapsules as drug delivery systems for the drugs, i.e. ampyra (AM) and merceptopurine (MP) at M06-2x/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. AM and MP drugs interact with the nanocapsule with the interaction energies of -26.02 kcal mol^-1 and -24.01 kcal mol^-1, respectively. The results of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent index (NCI) analyses divulge that both the drug molecules are stabilized inside nanocapsule via the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The transfer of charge is confirmed through electron density difference (EDD) analyses. Moreover, in the case of MP@cap slightly higher transfer of charge (natural bond orbital; NBO) is observed as compared with AM@cap. Furthermore, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analyses show the higher energy gap reduction in the case of MP@cap as compared with nanocapsule. The FMO results are consistent with the results of interaction energies, NBO and EDD analyses. Additionally, we have employed <i>ab initio</i> molecular dynamics (AIMD) analysis to find the dynamical stability of drug delivery system after drug loading. Molecular docking has been performed for binding kinetics or the enzymatic interactions of the selected drugs. And, pH effect is studied for understanding the off-loading mechanism of the drugs, which clearly shows the decrease in E_int values pointing towards easier offloading. The analyses of values of dipole moment show that nanocapsule will carry MP drug more efficiently to the target site as compared with AM drug molecule. Overall, the results divulge that the benzimidazolone cavitand-based nanocapsule acts as better carrier for an anti-cancer drug molecule as compared with the other drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic diffusion using mean-field limits to approximate master equations.","authors":"Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Matthew M Kling, Samuel F Rosenblatt, Stephanie N Miller, P Alexander Burnham, Nicholas W Landry, Nicholas J Gotelli, Brian J McGill","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250726","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stochastic diffusion is the noisy process through which dynamics like epidemics, or agents like animal species, disperse over a larger area. These processes are increasingly important to better prepare for pandemics and as species ranges shift in response to climate change. Unfortunately, modelling is mostly done with expensive computational simulations or inaccurate deterministic tools that ignore the randomness of dispersal. We introduce 'mean-FLAME' models, tracking stochastic dispersion using approximate master equations to follow the probability distribution over all possible states of an area of interest, up to states active enough to be approximated using a mean-field model. In the limit where we track all states, this approach is locally exact, and in the other limit collapses to traditional deterministic models. In predator-prey systems, we show that tracking a handful of states around key absorbing states is sufficient to accurately model extinction. In disease models, we show that classic mean-field approaches underestimate the heterogeneity of epidemics. And in nonlinear dispersal models, we show that deterministic tools fail to capture the speed of spatial diffusion. These effects are all important for marginal areas that are close to unsuitable for diffusion, like the edge of a species range or epidemics in small populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity and affinities of village chickens from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines.","authors":"Michael James B Herrera, Fairuz B Bangahan, Mark Laurence D Garcia, Michelle S Eusebio, John Meldwin D Cuales, Richard N Muallil, Altan I Ishmael, Raquel O Rubio, Rolly C Urriza, Jazelyn M Salvador, Jae Joseph Russell B Rodriguez, Maria Corazon A De Ungria","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250633","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sulu archipelago in the Philippines witnessed significant human migration from prehistoric to subrecent periods, resulting in a tapestry of cultures, languages, and genes. However, many details remain unclear. Archaeological evidence shows that human populations traversing within and between regions in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Pacific brought a variety of domestic animals, including dogs, pigs, chickens, and commensal Pacific rats. Recent insights into the ancient movements of these species suggest that they have different origins and arrival times. Here, we leveraged chickens as a tool to investigate human interactions in the Sulu archipelago. We sequenced a 764-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region to examine the genetic diversity and structure of 254 village chickens from the Sulu archipelago. Combined with comparable datasets from other islands of ISEA and the Pacific, our data reveal a higher maternal genetic affinity of chickens from the Sulu Archipelago with those from adjacent Indonesian islands than with chickens from the rest of the Philippines. This observation points to long-standing regional interactions between the Sulu archipelago and Indonesia. Furthermore, core haplogroup D lineages, which characterise ancient Pacific chickens, are not found in the Sulu archipelago, but are present elsewhere in the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse musculature layers in three species of octopus support precise motor control yet lack smooth muscle.","authors":"Sarah L West, Trevor J Wardill","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250684","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Octopus intrinsic arm musculature is often referred to as entirely obliquely striated muscle. However, only three muscle layers have been systematically shown as striated muscle. Because molluscan muscle control can vary greatly (i.e. smooth versus striated types), a systematic examination of each arm muscle layer is necessary to understand its neuromuscular control. Here, we use two-photon microscopy to determine if striations are present in the eight layers and trabeculae of intrinsic arm muscle in <i>Octopus bimaculoides</i> (California two-spot octopus) and <i>Abdopus aculeatus</i> ('prickly octopus'). We also use scanning electron microscopy to examine the arm of <i>Octopus bocki</i> (Bock's pygmy octopus). We confirm for the first time, to our knowledge, that each intrinsic arm muscle layer from multiple octopus species is obliquely striated. Furthermore, we find that the two layers of longitudinal muscle-divided by the median oblique layer-exhibit different morphology. This occurs in all three species examined, with significantly lower muscle fibre density in the internal longitudinal layer of <i>O. bimaculoides</i> and <i>A. aculeatus</i>, and smaller internal mitochondria cores (with larger muscle area) compared with the external longitudinal layer in <i>O. bocki</i>. This suggests additional functional muscle layers that would give octopuses even greater precision in motor control of their arms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb bone robusticity is coupled with mass distribution in terrestrial tetrapods.","authors":"Matthew Dempsey, Kai Allison, Samuel R R Cross, Susannah C R Maidment, Nicolás E Campione, Karl T Bates","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251103","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vertebrate body is a highly modular system within which evolutionary adaptation is expected to occur synchronously at a variety of hierarchical scales, from single tissue to whole organism. For example, the evolution of different body shapes, associated with disparate locomotor ecologies, will affect the loading regimes experienced by limbs, and may therefore be coupled with adaptations to limb bone morphology. However, such a relationship between body shape, limb loading and bone morphology has not been tested. Here, we find significant positive relationships between whole-body relative anteroposterior centre of mass and the robusticity of the humeral shaft relative to the femoral shaft across a disparate sample of tetrapods. As centre of mass shifts towards the shoulder, the humerus becomes proportionally more robust. However, the magnitude of this increased robusticity and the anatomical planes across which it occurs vary between tetrapod clades, reflecting the different limb loading regimes imposed by postural differences. These relationships illuminate the osteological adaptations associated with variation in mass distribution and limb posture, and provide a framework within which centres of mass in fossil tetrapods such as dinosaurs can be predicted, opening the door to large-scale studies of tetrapod centre of mass and body plan macroevolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"251103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blurred boundaries at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: the role of integrated assessment models in the science-society contract.","authors":"Simon Robertson","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250286","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the broken <i>science-society contract</i> contention of Glavovic <i>et al</i>. (Glavovic <i>et al</i>. 2022 <i>Clim. Dev</i>. <b>14</b>, 829-833 (doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.2008855)) and their posit of the tragedy of climate change science will be examined in relation to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) employment of integrated assessment models (IAMs) in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The article will assess, empirically, Skea <i>et al</i>.'s (Skea <i>et al</i>. 2021 <i>WIREs Clim. Change</i> <b>12</b>, 1-11 (doi:10.1002/wcc.727)) IPCC AR6-and-beyond IAM transparency roadmap by appraising the efficacy of the '<i>actions taken</i>' for achieving transparency in the AR6. If the IPCC was to earnestly assure the transformation of IAM clarity from its present state of a black-box to that of a glass-box, then its proclaimed mantra of '<i>neutral, policy relevant but not policy prescriptive</i>' could be received with high confidence. Until then, the IPCC endangers its objectivity, its integrity and its scientific standing in society owing to the Panel's non-compliance with the published Principles Governing IPCC Work as to expected transparency standards. Accordingly, the operation of opaque IAMs for purported 'relevant but not prescriptive' policy guidance has resulted in the IPCC's blurring of the science-policy boundary as a consequence of the IPCC-Integrated Assessment Modelling Consortium contingent's breaching of the science-society contract.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter- and intra-annual differences in foraging ecology of the chick-rearing Brünnich's guillemots (<i>Uria lomvia</i>) breeding in the High Arctic.","authors":"Karolina Cieślińska, Lech Marek Iliszko, Michał Goc, Lech Stempniewicz, Dariusz Jakubas","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250932","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The foraging ecology of seabirds depends on both external and internal factors. Seabirds can modify their feeding strategy depending on current food availability to maintain optimal energy levels provisioned to the offspring. Here, we investigated inter- and intra-annual variability of the foraging ecology of the Brünnich's guillemot (<i>Uria lomvia</i>) breeding in a High Arctic colony on Spitsbergen (Svalbard) combining GPS tracking and remote sensing. Despite different environmental conditions in the studied years, covered distances and duration of foraging trips were similar. The studied individuals generally foraged in cold waters at shelf and shelf break zones located up to 100 km from the colony (median 51 km). They foraged at colder waters with lower primary productivity in colder 2015 compared with warmer 2016 but still used areas of similar depth. They explored a narrower foraging habitat niche (described by sea surface temperature, chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration, sea depth and seabed slope in foraging locations) in warmer 2016, suggesting a lower variety of microhabitats where the preferred prey was available. With progress of the chick-rearing period, they foraged further from the colony, suggesting temporal prey depletion halo effect. Our findings provide valuable insight into spatio-temporal variability of seabird foraging ecology in the rapidly changing High Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence of a new pilgrimage as an assurance game.","authors":"Nicolas Restrepo Ochoa, Cristina Moya","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250077","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pilgrimage has received long-standing scholarly attention, but most theoretical work focuses on how these rituals can be maintained, rather than the bigger puzzle of how they emerge. Using empirical inspiration from a new pilgrimage in Peru, we address this gap by outlining a theoretical framework more capable of accounting for how these phenomena get off the ground. We contend that the framework of an assurance game (a type of coordination game) captures the challenge of a collective ritual like pilgrimage emerging. By combining this assurance game with a model of Bayesian learning under uncertainty we illustrate how pilgrimage can be institutionalized on occasion. We further argue that our approach sheds light on the relationship between rituals and uncertainty, without having to make strong assumptions about individuals' psychological needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seascape ecology of juvenile gadoid nursery areas.","authors":"Natasha Walker-Milne, Sophie Anne Marie Elliott, Peter J Wright, David Mark Bailey","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250705","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Availability of juvenile fish habitat provision can impact recruitment. This study focused on identifying which environmental variables characterize the juvenile habitats of three commercially important gadoid species: Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>), haddock (<i>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</i>) and whiting (<i>Merlangius merlangus</i>). Stereo baited remote underwater video surveys were conducted in the South Arran Marine Protected Area between 2013 and 2019 to collect presence/absence data on juvenile gadoids (>20 mm <120 mm) and demersal and epibenthic communities. Data were analysed using binomial generalized additive mixed models. The results revealed spatial segregation among species, each favouring distinct habitats. Predictive modelling suggests a substantial increase in presence probability from 0.25 to 0.75 as the inverse Simpson's diversity index increases, suggesting that biodiversity appears to be associated with species distribution. Boundary regions between seabed types were associated with variation in species distribution, underlining the importance of seascape heterogeneity. This study underscores the importance of conserving and restoring benthic and epibenthic biodiversity across spatially heterogeneous landscapes. Consequently, reducing benthic pressures could promote early survival for these species, thereby supporting broader ecosystem health and fisheries management goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}