Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第4页

Space as a mental toolbox in the representation of meaning. 空间是表征意义的心理工具箱。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240985

Natalia Zarzeczna, Tisa Bertlich, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Ida Gerstner, Ulrich von Hecker

{"title":"Space as a mental toolbox in the representation of meaning.","authors":"Natalia Zarzeczna, Tisa Bertlich, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Ida Gerstner, Ulrich von Hecker","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240985","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.240985","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of meaning has been found to be mapped onto spatial proximity whereby coherent-in contrast to incoherent-elements in a set are mentally represented as closer together in physical space. In a series of four experiments, we show that spatial representation of coherence is malleable and can employ other meaningful concrete dimensions of space that are made salient. When given task instructions cueing verticality, participants represented coherence in the upper vertical location when making judgements about the logical validity of realistic (Experiments 1 and 4) and unrealistic syllogistic scenarios (Experiment 3). When the task instruction made the spatial proximity between the stimuli materials and the participant salient (subjective proximity), participants represented coherence as spatially close to themselves (Experiment 2). We also found that being accurate in judging the validity of syllogisms was associated with representing coherence in the upper visual field or close to oneself. Overall, our findings show that identifying semantic links between an abstract concept and a given spatial dimension involves using that dimension to create spatial metaphoric mappings of the concept.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 11","pages":"240985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of human hunters and natural predators in shaping the selection of behavioural types in male wild turkeys. 人类猎人和天敌在雄性野生火鸡行为类型选择中的作用。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240788

Nick A Gulotta, Patrick H Wightman, Bret A Collier, Michael J Chamberlain

{"title":"The role of human hunters and natural predators in shaping the selection of behavioural types in male wild turkeys.","authors":"Nick A Gulotta, Patrick H Wightman, Bret A Collier, Michael J Chamberlain","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240788","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.240788","url":null,"abstract":"The expression of behaviour can vary both among (i.e. behavioural types (BTs)) and within individuals (i.e. plasticity), and investigating causes and consequences of variation has garnered significant attention. Conversely, studies quantifying harvest-induced selection (HIS) on behavioural traits have received significantly less attention, and work investigating HIS and natural selection simultaneously is rare. We studied sources of variation in three movement traits that represented risk-taking and one trait that represented exploration in male eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). We used data from 109 males in two hunted populations located in Georgia and South Carolina, USA. We assessed how both hunters and natural predators simultaneously influenced the selection of male turkey BTs. We found significant among-individual variation in all movement traits and adjustments in risk-taking and exploration relative to whether hunting was occurring. We observed that predators selected against similar BTs across both populations, whereas hunters selected for different BTs across populations. We also demonstrated that significant HIS acts on risk-taking behaviours in both populations, which could render wild turkeys more difficult to harvest if these traits are indeed heritable.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 11","pages":"240788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social bonding through shared experiences: the role of emotional intensity. 通过共同经历建立社会联系：情感强度的作用。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240048

Victor Chung, Rocco Mennella, Elisabeth Pacherie, Julie Grezes

{"title":"Social bonding through shared experiences: the role of emotional intensity.","authors":"Victor Chung, Rocco Mennella, Elisabeth Pacherie, Julie Grezes","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240048","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.240048","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing emotions with other individuals is a widespread phenomenon. Previous research proposed that experiencing intense and similar emotions with other individuals reinforces social bonds. However, several aspects of this phenomenon remain unclear, notably whether social bonding requires the convergence and synchronization of emotions in the group, and whether these effects generalize across positively valenced and negatively valenced emotional contexts. To address these questions, we measured subjective emotional experiences, physiological activity (cardiac, respiratory, electrodermal) and social attitudes in dyads of unacquainted individuals who watched videos in the presence of each other. We manipulated the emotional content of the videos and the type of shared attention between participants, to test for the contribution of interpersonal influence. The results revealed that intense emotions indexed by physiological arousal were associated with the emergence of reciprocal prosocial attitudes within dyads, and that this effect depended on joint attention. We did not observe the convergence and synchronization of emotions within dyads, which suggests that experiencing similar emotions was not necessary for social bonding. We discuss implications of this study for research on collective effervescence and the social consequences of shared experiences.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"240048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lagrangian gradient regression for the detection of coherent structures from sparse trajectory data. 从稀疏轨迹数据中检测相干结构的拉格朗日梯度回归。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240586

Tanner D Harms, Steven L Brunton, Beverley J McKeon

{"title":"Lagrangian gradient regression for the detection of coherent structures from sparse trajectory data.","authors":"Tanner D Harms, Steven L Brunton, Beverley J McKeon","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240586","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.240586","url":null,"abstract":"Complex flows are often characterized using the theory of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which leverages the motion of flow-embedded tracers to highlight features of interest. LCS are commonly employed to study fluid mechanical systems where flow tracers are readily observed, but they are broadly applicable to dynamical systems in general. A prevailing class of LCS analyses depends on reliable computation of flow gradients. The finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE), for example, is derived from the Jacobian of the flow map, and the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD) relies on velocity gradients. Observational tracer data, however, are typically sparse (e.g. drifters in the ocean), making accurate computation of gradients difficult. While a variety of methods have been developed to address tracer sparsity, they do not provide the same information about the flow as gradient-based approaches. This work proposes a purely Lagrangian method, based on the data-driven machinery of regression, for computing instantaneous and finite-time flow gradients from sparse trajectories. The tool is demonstrated on a common analytical benchmark to provide intuition and demonstrate performance. The method is seen to effectively estimate gradients using data with sparsity representative of observable systems.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"240586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are testosterone pulses a physiological mechanism for expanding activity beyond territories? 睾酮脉冲是一种将活动扩展到领地之外的生理机制吗？

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231198

Radmila Petric, Matina Kalcounis-Rueppell, Catherine A Marler

{"title":"Are testosterone pulses a physiological mechanism for expanding activity beyond territories?","authors":"Radmila Petric, Matina Kalcounis-Rueppell, Catherine A Marler","doi":"10.1098/rsos.231198","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.231198","url":null,"abstract":"We ask whether artificially induced testosterone pulses (T-pulses), administered to males in the wild at the territory boundary, adjust location preferences within the territory. Multiple transient T-pulses occurring after social interactions in males can alter behaviour and spatial preferences. We previously found that T-pulses administered at the nest induce male California mice, a biparental and territorial species, to spend more time at the nest likely through conditioned place preferences. We hypothesized that T's reinforcing effects would increase future time by the T-injected males at the boundary and promote territorial defence. Contrary to predictions, T-pulses induced a decrease in male time at the boundary, and instead appeared to promote male territorial/home range expansion, accompanied by shorter sustained vocalizations (SVs) and decreased proportion of three SV bouts. Shorter SVs are associated with aggression in the laboratory. Furthermore, in response to T-male behavioural changes, uninjected female partners decreased boundary time. Our results suggest new functions for socially induced T-pulses, such as extending territorial boundaries/home ranges. Location preferences induced through reinforcing/rewarding mechanisms may be more plastic and dependent on physical and social contexts than previously thought. Moreover, the results suggest that location preferences produced through rewarding/reinforcing mechanisms can be viewed from adaptive perspectives to influence future behaviour.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"231198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skull sinuses precluded extinct crocodile relatives from cetacean-style deep diving as they transitioned from land to sea. 头骨窦使已经灭绝的鳄鱼近亲在从陆地过渡到海洋时无法进行鲸类式的深潜。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241272

Mark T Young, Julia A Schwab, David Dufeau, Rachel A Racicot, Thomas Cowgill, Charlotte I W Bowman, Lawrence M Witmer, Yanina Herrera, Robert Higgins, Lindsay Zanno, Xu Xing, James Clark, Stephen L Brusatte

{"title":"Skull sinuses precluded extinct crocodile relatives from cetacean-style deep diving as they transitioned from land to sea.","authors":"Mark T Young, Julia A Schwab, David Dufeau, Rachel A Racicot, Thomas Cowgill, Charlotte I W Bowman, Lawrence M Witmer, Yanina Herrera, Robert Higgins, Lindsay Zanno, Xu Xing, James Clark, Stephen L Brusatte","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241272","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241272","url":null,"abstract":"During major evolutionary transitions, groups develop radically new body plans and radiate into new habitats. A classic example is cetaceans which evolved from terrestrial ancestors to become pelagic swimmers. In doing so, they altered their air-filled sinuses, transitioning some of these spaces to allow for fluctuations in air capacity and storage via soft tissue borders. Other tetrapods independently underwent land-to-sea transitions, but it is unclear if they similarly changed their sinuses. We use computed tomography to study sinus changes in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs that transformed from land-bound ancestors to become the only known aquatic swimming archosaurs. We find that thalattosuchian braincase sinuses reduced over their transition, similar to cetaceans, but their snout sinuses counterintuitively expanded, distinct from cetaceans, and that both trends were underpinned by high evolutionary rates. We hypothesize that aquatic thalattosuchians were ill suited to deep diving by their snout sinuses, which seem to have remained large to help drain their unusual salt glands. Thus, although convergent in general terms, thalattosuchians and cetaceans were subject to different constraints that shaped their transitions to water. Thalattosuchians attained a stage similar to less pelagic transitional forms in the cetacean lineage (late protocetid-basilosaurid) but did not become further specialized for ocean life.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"241272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Documenting research in simulation science to enhance understanding for reusability. 记录模拟科学研究，加深理解，提高可重用性。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240776

Sibylle Hermann, Jörg Fehr

{"title":"Documenting research in simulation science to enhance understanding for reusability.","authors":"Sibylle Hermann, Jörg Fehr","doi":"10.1098/rsos.240776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240776","url":null,"abstract":"One goal of Open Science is to promote reusability, which requires understanding and documentation. Reusability spans a spectrum from the straightforward reuse of existing materials to the extraction and adaptation of specific elements, depending on the maturity of the reused research and the research context. Beyond knowledge, understanding is crucial for enabling reusability. Simply reading an article is often insufficient; thus, publishing the underlying data and software is recommended. While the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) facilitate the discovery and legal reuse of data and software through metadata, they fall short of promoting comprehensive understanding. By applying insights from the epistemology of simulation to computational mechanics research cases, we tested our hypothesis that the simulation process involves critical components beyond software and data that are essential to understand for reuse. Our findings indicate that reusability in these cases predominantly involves adjusting existing methodologies-a combination of different process steps from an epistemological perspective. Therefore, it is imperative to document not only learned knowledge but also the decisions regarding adjustments, assumptions and applications that concern the entire simulation process. Documentation is vital for understanding and herby enabling true reusability in scientific research, aligning with philosophical considerations of transparency and the nature of scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"240776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

β-Defensin gene copy number variation in cattle. 牛的β-防御素基因拷贝数变异。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241154

Ozge Sidekli, John Oketch, Sean Fair, Kieran G Meade, Edward J Hollox

{"title":"β-Defensin gene copy number variation in cattle.","authors":"Ozge Sidekli, John Oketch, Sean Fair, Kieran G Meade, Edward J Hollox","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241154","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241154","url":null,"abstract":"β-Defensins are peptides with antimicrobial roles, characterized by a conserved tertiary structure. Beyond antimicrobial functions, they exhibit diverse roles in both the immune response and fertility, including involvement in sperm maturation and function. Copy number variation (CNV) of β-defensin genes is extensive across mammals, including cattle, with possible implications for reproductive traits and disease resistance. In this study, we comprehensively catalogue 55 β-defensin genes in cattle. By constructing a phylogenetic tree to identify human orthologues and lineage-specific expansions, we identify 1 : 1 human orthologues for 35 bovine β-defensins. We also discover extensive β-defensin gene CNV across breeds, with DEFB103, in particular, showing extensive multi-allelic CNV. By comparing β-defensin expression levels in testis from calves and adult bulls, we find that 14 β-defensins, including DEFB103, increase in expression during sexual maturation. Analysis of β-defensin gene expression levels in the caput of adult bull epididymis, and β-defensin gene copy number, in 94 matched samples shows expression levels of four β-defensins are correlated with genomic copy numbers, including DEFB103. We therefore demonstrate extensive CNV in bovine β-defensin genes, in particular DEFB103, with potential functional consequences for fertility.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"241154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carcass size, not source or taxon, dictates breeding performance and carcass use in a burying beetle. 决定埋葬甲虫繁殖性能和尸体利用的是尸体大小，而不是来源或分类群。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241265

Gen-Chang Hsu, Wei-Jiun Lin, Chi-Heng Hsieh, Yue-Jia Lee, Syuan-Jyun Sun

{"title":"Carcass size, not source or taxon, dictates breeding performance and carcass use in a burying beetle.","authors":"Gen-Chang Hsu, Wei-Jiun Lin, Chi-Heng Hsieh, Yue-Jia Lee, Syuan-Jyun Sun","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241265","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241265","url":null,"abstract":"Small vertebrate carcasses represent critical resources for many terrestrial organisms, including burying beetles, which rely on carcasses for survival and breeding. Carcass attributes can influence the reproduction of burying beetles, yet most studies on their breeding ecology have used laboratory-reared carcasses of limited sizes. We conducted breeding and feeding experiments using a wide size range of lab (laboratory mice) and wild carcasses (wild mammals, birds and reptiles) to investigate how carcass size, source and taxon affect various breeding outcomes (e.g. clutch size, brood size and brood mass) of the burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis. Our results reveal a hump-shaped relationship between carcass size and breeding performance, with optimal breeding outcomes occurring on medium-sized carcasses. Furthermore, despite the variation in carcass tissue nutritional composition, breeding outcomes and larval growth did not differ between the two carcass sources or among the three wild carcass taxa. Finally, we found a larval quality-quantity trade-off across the range of carcasses examined, with carcass size shaping the larval life-history traits. Overall, these results elucidate how carcass resources may influence the breeding performance of burying beetles. Importantly, our study provides solid evidence validating decades of research using lab carcasses to study the reproductive ecology of burying beetles.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"241265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune challenge affects risk sensitivity and locomotion in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). 免疫挑战影响蚊子鱼（Gambusia holbrooki）的风险敏感性和运动。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241059

Stella A Encel, Ashley J W Ward

{"title":"Immune challenge affects risk sensitivity and locomotion in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).","authors":"Stella A Encel, Ashley J W Ward","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241059","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241059","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system is crucial in responding to disease-causing pathogens. However, immune responses may also cause stereotypical changes in behaviour known as sickness behaviours, which often include reduced activity. Sickness behaviours are thought to have an important role in conserving energy required to support the immune response; however, little is known about how they manifest over time or in relation to risk, particularly in fishes. Here, we induced an immune response in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) by inoculating them with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We subsequently tested batches of fish at 24 h intervals and examined: locomotory behaviour, tendency to use a refuge and fast-start response immediately following a threat stimulus (measured as peak acceleration). Control and LPS-treated fish behaved similarly on days 1, 3 and 4. However, 2 days post-inoculation, LPS fish swam more slowly and spent more time in the refuge than control fish, although no difference in post-threat peak acceleration was found. Our findings suggest that sickness behaviours peak roughly 2 days following exposure to LPS and are relatively short-lived. Specifically, immune-challenged individuals exhibit reduced locomotion and exploratory behaviour, becoming more risk averse overall while still retaining the ability to respond acutely to a threat stimulus.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"11 10","pages":"241059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0