Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第3页

Decopy: detect and correct with pinyin for Chinese spelling correction. 副本：用拼音检测和纠正中文拼写错误。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250426

Zijian Zhang, Jinfeng Yuan

{"title":"Decopy: detect and correct with pinyin for Chinese spelling correction.","authors":"Zijian Zhang, Jinfeng Yuan","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250426","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese spelling correction (CSC) is a critical and complex task focused on detecting and correcting spelling errors in Chinese text. Previous research has been hampered by issues such as misleading error information, over-reliance on high-frequency characters and scarcity of training data. This article proposes Decopy, a novel CSC model that employs an advanced detection-correction framework and an innovative error masking strategy incorporating pinyin features. Decopy not only captures semantic information (word embeddings) and positional information (position embeddings) but also recognizes phonetic features (pinyin embeddings). By leveraging phonetic information directly from the pinyin level, Decopy minimizes the reliance on confusing elements and reduces misleading information. To address the scarcity of training data, we constructed a new CSC dataset based on THUCNews for pre-training Decopy. This enhances Decopy's comprehensive understanding of the input information, particularly additional pinyin information. The experimental results on SIGHAN15 and three domain-specific datasets-LAW, medical and official document writing-demonstrate that Decopy achieves significant improvements and outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of several high-performance large language models in the CSC task to assess their capabilities in this field.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the self-concept structures social role learning: insights from computational models. 自我概念如何构建社会角色学习：来自计算模型的见解。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250590

Josue Garcia-Arch, Marc Sabio-Albert, Christoph W Korn, Lluis Fuentemilla

{"title":"How the self-concept structures social role learning: insights from computational models.","authors":"Josue Garcia-Arch, Marc Sabio-Albert, Christoph W Korn, Lluis Fuentemilla","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250590","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250590","url":null,"abstract":"Learning about the social expectations tied to upcoming social roles is crucial to promoting adaptation. However, such learning can prompt a strong need for personal change, undermining the stability of individuals' self-concept. Here, we provide a mechanistic account of how individuals at the onset of significant life transitions utilize their self-concept to modulate self-role dissonances during social role learning. Participants engaged in a learning task where they first provided self-ratings for different traits and then estimated how these traits would apply to an individual well-adapted to their forthcoming social role and received trial-by-trial feedback from reference groups. We hypothesized that individuals would employ strategies to minimize dissonances between role expectations and their current self-concept during the learning process. Our computational models included strategies that straightforwardly integrate role expectations to more complex strategies that involve leveraging the self-concept against the pure incorporation of role-related information. The best-performing model demonstrated that the self-concept functions as a modulatory mechanism, guiding the integration of role information to avoid self-role dissonances. Notably, this strategy was strongly accentuated in individuals learning about their upcoming contexts. Our work offers a mechanistic perspective on role learning that may inform interventions to support those facing significant life transitions.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On weapons allometry and the form of sexual selection. 论武器异速生长与性选择的形式。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251152

Hironori Shinohara, Manmohan D Sharma, Tanya M Pennell, Kensuke Okada, David J Hosken

引用次数: 0

Supramolecular assembly of novel achatin structurally similar peptide as potential G protein-coupled receptors anticancer ligands: focus on its pseudo-macrocycle nature. 新型结构相似肽作为潜在G蛋白偶联受体抗癌配体的超分子组装：关注其伪大环性质。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251026

Joanna Bojarska, Martin Breza, Ingrid Jelemenska, Izabela Madura, Sepideh Jafari, Krzysztof Kaczmarek, Zyta Ziora, Wojciech Wolf

{"title":"Supramolecular assembly of novel achatin structurally similar peptide as potential G protein-coupled receptors anticancer ligands: focus on its pseudo-macrocycle nature.","authors":"Joanna Bojarska, Martin Breza, Ingrid Jelemenska, Izabela Madura, Sepideh Jafari, Krzysztof Kaczmarek, Zyta Ziora, Wojciech Wolf","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251026","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251026","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel, modified ultra-short peptide, Ac-Phe-Aib-Deg-OH (N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-α-aminoisobutyryl-α,α-diethylglycine), (1), highlighting its potential as an anticancer ligand for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The structure of the compound was elucidated using single-crystal X-ray crystallography, revealing its pseudo-macrocyclic nature. Hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces drive the hierarchical supramolecular self-assembly of (1). A comparative analysis with structurally similar structures, that is, achatin derived from the Cambridge Structural Database, was conducted using diverse in silico methods. A detailed analysis of intra- and intermolecular interactions in the structures, especially using modern structural database-driven techniques, provides further insight into the preferential bonding mode of (1) as a potential drug candidate. Density functional theory calculations were performed to rationalize the interactions and reactivity of the molecules. To validate the predicted anticancer activity of the analysed molecules, we evaluated the binding affinities of these molecules to cancer-related GPCRs. We examined the interaction maps using molecular docking analysis with targets associated with various types of cancer. These findings suggest that (1) could be a promising candidate for future studies on designing innovative pseudo-macrocyclic ultra-short peptides containing unnatural amino acids for new targeted anticancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"251026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organizations, teams and job mobility: a social microdynamics approach inspired by a large US organization. 组织、团队和工作流动性：受美国一家大型组织启发的社会微动力学方法。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250593

Bryan Adams, Valentín Vergara Hidd, Daniel Stimpson, Miesha Purcell, Eduardo López

{"title":"Organizations, teams and job mobility: a social microdynamics approach inspired by a large US organization.","authors":"Bryan Adams, Valentín Vergara Hidd, Daniel Stimpson, Miesha Purcell, Eduardo López","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250593","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250593","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the modelling approaches used to understand organizational worker mobility are highly stylized, using idealizations such as structureless organizations, indistinguishable workers and a lack of social bonding of the workers. In this article, aided by a decade of precise, temporally resolved data of a large civilian organization of the US Army in which employees can change jobs in a similar way to many private organizations, we introduce a new framework to describe organizations as composites of teams within which individuals perform specific tasks and where social connections develop. By tracking the personnel composition of organizational teams, we find that workers who change jobs are highly influenced by preferring to reunite with past co-workers. In this organization, 34% of all moves across temporally stable teams (and 32% of the totality of moves) lead to worker reunions, percentages that have not been reported and are well-above intuitive expectation. To assess the importance of worker reunions in determining job moves, we compare them with labour supply and demand with or without occupational specialization. The comparison shows that the most consistent information about job change is provided by reunions. We find that the greater the time workers spend together or the smaller the team they share both increase their likelihood to reunite, supporting the notion of increased familiarity and trust behind such reunions and the dominant role of social capital in the evolution of large organizations. Our study of this organization supports the idea that to correctly forecast job mobility inside large organizations, their teams' structures and the social ties formed in those teams play a key role in shaping internal job change.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex performance differences in vertical and horizontal jumping. 两性在垂直和水平跳跃上的表现差异。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241920

Emily L Haag, Peter G Weyand

{"title":"Sex performance differences in vertical and horizontal jumping.","authors":"Emily L Haag, Peter G Weyand","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241920","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241920","url":null,"abstract":"Performance differences between males and females are substantially greater when humans jump for maximal height versus distance. We postulated that the lower muscle mass/body mass fractions of females would cause sex differences in performance to increase as jump take-off angle and the force required to elevate body mass against gravity (force/body weight) increased. We tested this idea using triple jump (TJ), long jump (LJ) and high jump (HJ) data from World Athletics best-performers lists (n = 40 per sex) and countermovement jump (CMJ) data acquired from collegiate athletes (n = 19 per sex) jumping from force platforms. Across the four jumps, the more vertically oriented the take-off angle (θTO), the greater the sex difference observed [range: 17.4-42.1% from TJ to CMJ; regression equation: %Diff = 26.9 (sinθTO)2 + 14.2, R 2 = 0.98]. For the strictly vertical CMJ, between-sex differences in jump height (∆ = 42.1%) were eight times larger than the differences in ground-phase force application (∆force/body mass = 5.1%). We conclude that (i) small differences in mass-specific ground force application result in much larger differences in performance for more vertically oriented and gravity-opposed jumps, and (ii) lower muscle mass/body mass fractions require females to use more of their available force to offset gravity, thereby leaving them with less remaining force to elevate body mass.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"241920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Egosyntonicity and emotion regulation: a probabilistic model of valence dynamics. 自我同义性与情绪调节：效价动力学的概率模型。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250062

Eleonora Vitanza, Chiara Mocenni, Pietro De Lellis

{"title":"Egosyntonicity and emotion regulation: a probabilistic model of valence dynamics.","authors":"Eleonora Vitanza, Chiara Mocenni, Pietro De Lellis","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250062","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250062","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a novel Markovian model that describes the impact of egosyntonicity on emotion dynamics. We focus on the dominant current emotion and describe the time evolution of its valence, modelled as a binary variable, where 0 and 1 correspond to negative and positive valences, respectively. In particular, the one-step transition probabilities will depend on the external events happening in daily life, the attention the individual devotes to such events, and the egosyntonicity, modelled as the agreement between the current valence and the internal mood of the individual. A steady-state analysis shows that, depending on the model parameters, four classes of individuals can be identified. Two classes are somewhat expected, corresponding to individuals spending more (less) time in egosyntonicity experiencing positive valences for longer (shorter) times. Surprisingly, two further classes emerge: the self-deluded individuals, where egosyntonicity is associated to a prevalence of negative valences, and the troubled happy individuals, where egodystonicity is associated to positive valences. These findings are aligned with the literature showing that, even if egosyntonicity typically has a positive impact in the short term, it may not always be beneficial in the long run.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing adaptive hypotheses for an evolutionarily conserved trait through slow-motion videos of pollinators. 通过传粉者的慢动作视频测试进化保守特征的适应性假设。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251127

Robin Waterman, Sally Song, Nicholas Bhandari, Jeffrey K Conner

{"title":"Testing adaptive hypotheses for an evolutionarily conserved trait through slow-motion videos of pollinators.","authors":"Robin Waterman, Sally Song, Nicholas Bhandari, Jeffrey K Conner","doi":"10.1098/rsos.251127","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.251127","url":null,"abstract":"Traits conserved across evolutionary time often provide compelling examples of key adaptations for a given taxonomic group. Tetradynamy is the presence of four long stamens plus two short stamens within a flower and is conserved across most of the roughly 4000 species in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. While this differentiation in stamens is hypothesized to play a role in pollination efficiency, very little is known about the potential function of the two stamen types. The present study sheds new light on this mystery using wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), a widespread and well-studied tetradynamous plant. We used data collected from slow-motion videos of pollinators visiting wild radish flowers to test three adaptive hypotheses (not mutually exclusive): (H1) short and long stamens are specialized for either feeding or pollinating; (H2) short and long stamens are specialized for different pollinator taxa; and (H3) the presence of short and long stamens increases pollinator movement and thus effectiveness. We find evidence consistent with hypothesis H3, but no evidence for hypotheses H1 or H2. Thus, tetradynamy may be an adaptation for generalized pollination, enabling effective visits by the variety of pollinators visiting most species of Brassicaceae.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"251127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory of infectious disease spillover at an ecological boundary: impacts of seasonality and cross-boundary movement. 生态边界传染病溢出理论：季节性和跨界运动的影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-17 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250209

Kaniz Fatema Nipa, Mozzamil Mohammed, P Stephens, John M Drake

{"title":"Theory of infectious disease spillover at an ecological boundary: impacts of seasonality and cross-boundary movement.","authors":"Kaniz Fatema Nipa, Mozzamil Mohammed, P Stephens, John M Drake","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250209","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250209","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological boundaries are a key site for the spillover of wildlife pathogens into human and domestic livestock populations. Ebola virus is a zoonotic pathogen that is periodically introduced into humans causing outbreaks of a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease. There is evidence that spillover risk varies seasonally. Here, we hypothesize that this seasonality may be due to periodic variations in pathogen-host interactions, host social behaviours, movement and contact rates and demography. To better understand the dynamics of such a system, we studied a two-patch SIR compartmental model for the spillover of Ebola virus with seasonal and demographic variability. The model is expressed as a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with periodic disease transmission and dispersal between supercritical and subcritical patches. The periodic ODE system is generalized to a stochastic Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model. The basic reproduction number of the two-patch SIR model is derived at the disease-free equilibrium to illustrate the impact of seasonality and movement on Ebola virus outbreaks. Several numerical examples are investigated. We find that the strength of seasonality and human movement are two potentially leading factors that are responsible for the intensity of periodic spillover risk from pathogen reservoirs to human settlements.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity and distribution of extracellular microcrystals in holothuroid echinoderms. 类全息棘皮动物细胞外微晶的多样性和分布。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-17 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250514

Kevin C K Ma, Fei Gao, Jean-François Hamel, Annie Mercier

{"title":"Diversity and distribution of extracellular microcrystals in holothuroid echinoderms.","authors":"Kevin C K Ma, Fei Gao, Jean-François Hamel, Annie Mercier","doi":"10.1098/rsos.250514","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.250514","url":null,"abstract":"Biomineralization research in echinoderms has been focused on skeletal structures, which provide strength and protection. Other minerals, specifically extracellular microcrystals, are described here for the first time in echinoderms. Six morphotypes were isolated from a holothuroid and classified into three chemical compounds. Uric acid crystals were associated with fluids from the hydrovascular system, perivisceral coelom and respiratory tree, while calcium carbonate crystals were detected in the epithelium of the respiratory tree and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals were found in tissues of the cloaca, integument, Polian vesicle and tentacle. Uric acid crystals were mostly non-encapsulated in tissues, whereas, in fluids, they were often encapsulated by phagocytes, alone or in groups, suggesting that they are waste products. Calcium carbonate crystals in the respiratory tree and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals in the cloaca suggest that they are being expelled from the body. Insofar as calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals could be involved in calcium regulation, we speculate that they might be crystallized and retained in ossicle-associated integumentary tissues and tentacles, which are susceptible to damage and could use them as a calcium reserve to synthesize and repair ossicles. Observations of microcrystals in different holothuroid species examined suggest their ubiquity in the class Holothuroidea and more generally, deuterostomes.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"250514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0