Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第2页

Matching dynamically varying forces with multi-motor-unit muscle models: a simulation study. 用多运动单元肌肉模型匹配动态变化的力：仿真研究。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-04-02 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241401

T Murtola, C Richards

{"title":"Matching dynamically varying forces with multi-motor-unit muscle models: a simulation study.","authors":"T Murtola, C Richards","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241401","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241401","url":null,"abstract":"Human muscles exhibit great versatility, not only generating forces for demanding athleticism, but also for fine motor tasks. While standard musculoskeletal models may reproduce this versatility, they often lack multiple motor units (MUs) and rate-coded control. To investigate how these features affect a muscle's ability to generate desired force profiles, we performed simulations with nine alternative MU pool models for two cases: (i) a tibialis anterior muscle generating an isometric trapezoidal force profile, and (ii) a generic shoulder muscle generating force for a reaching movement whilst undergoing predetermined length changes. We implemented two control strategies, pure feedforward and combined feedforward-feedback, each parameterized using elementary tasks. The results suggest that the characteristics of MU pools have relatively little impact on the pools' overall ability to match forces across all tasks, although performances for individual tasks varied. Feedback improved performance for nearly all MU pools and tasks, but the physiologically more relevant MU pool types were more responsive to feedback particularly during reaching. While all MU pool models performed well in the conditions tested, we highlight the need to consider the functional characteristics of the control of rate-coded MU pools given the vast repertoire of dynamic tasks performed by muscles.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 4","pages":"241401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single enantiomer propeller-shaped polynuclear complexes as catalysts-proof-of-concept for enantioinduction in a Michael addition reaction. 单对映体螺旋桨形多核配合物作为催化剂——迈克尔加成反应中对映体诱导的概念证明。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-27 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241537

Joe Maddocks, Mohan Mahesh, Stavroula I Sampani, Alexander C Dixon, Christian D-T Nielsen, Prashant Kumar, Geoffrey R Akien, John Spencer, Alaa Abdul-Sada, John F C Turner, Alan C Spivey, George E Kostakis

引用次数: 0

The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax. 执行功能在句法加工和习得中的作用。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-27 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201497

Malathi Thothathiri, Evan Kidd, Caroline Rowland

{"title":"The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax.","authors":"Malathi Thothathiri, Evan Kidd, Caroline Rowland","doi":"10.1098/rsos.201497","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.201497","url":null,"abstract":"Language acquisition is multifaceted, relying on cognitive and social abilities in addition to language-specific skills. We hypothesized that executive function (EF) may assist language development by enabling children to revise misinterpretations during online processing, encode language input more accurately and/or learn non-canonical sentence structures like the passive better over time. One hundred and twenty Dutch preschoolers each completed three sessions of testing (pre-test, exposure and post-test). During pre-test and post-test, we measured their comprehension of passive sentences and performance in three EF tasks. In the exposure session, we tracked children's eye movements as they listened to passive (and other) sentences. Each child was also assessed for short-term memory and receptive language. Multiple regression evaluated the relationship between EF and online processing and longer-term learning. EF predicted online revision accuracy, while controlling for receptive language, prior passive knowledge and short-term memory, consistent with theories linking EF to the revision of misinterpretations. EF was also associated with longer-term learning, but the results could not disentangle EF from receptive language. These findings broadly support a role for EF in language acquisition, including a specific role in revision during sentence processing and potentially other roles that depend on reciprocal interaction between EF and receptive language.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"201497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lack of significant effect of gut microbiota on weight gain in newly emerged worker honeybee. 肠道微生物群对新出现的工蜂体重增加缺乏显著影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242151

J Elijah Powell, Erick V S Motta, Joanito Liberti, Kathleen Sotelo, Philipp Engel, Nancy A Moran

{"title":"Lack of significant effect of gut microbiota on weight gain in newly emerged worker honeybee.","authors":"J Elijah Powell, Erick V S Motta, Joanito Liberti, Kathleen Sotelo, Philipp Engel, Nancy A Moran","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242151","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242151","url":null,"abstract":"The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, harbours a simple and distinct microbiota that has been linked to various positive outcomes for the host. Among these cited benefits is improved weight gain for bees that have been inoculated with their native microbes. This result has been challenged by recent studies which investigated the impact of the gut microbiota on behavioural maturation and associated physiological changes and revealed no effect of the gut microbiota on weight gain. Therefore, we re-examined the role of the microbiota in weight gain by comparing microbiota-deprived bees with those inoculated with gut homogenate or defined communities composed of isolates representing the major bacterial taxa inhabiting the bee gut. We observed no differences in weight gain of adult bees or of their gut tissues across these groups. Further analysis based on nurse/forager cuticular hydrocarbon status and bacterial composition also revealed no significant changes. These results suggest the need for more nuanced investigations aimed at exploring factors such as the conditions in the hive of origin, including larval nutrition.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"242151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autistic traits relate to reduced reward sensitivity in learning from point-light displays (PLDs). 自闭症特征与从点光显示器（pld）中学习的奖励敏感性降低有关。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241349

Raimund Buehler, Libor Potocar, Nace Mikus, Giorgia Silani

{"title":"Autistic traits relate to reduced reward sensitivity in learning from point-light displays (PLDs).","authors":"Raimund Buehler, Libor Potocar, Nace Mikus, Giorgia Silani","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241349","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241349","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies have linked autistic traits to difficulties in learning from social (versus non-social) stimuli. However, these stimuli are often difficult to match on low-level visual properties, which is especially important given the impact of autistic traits on sensory processing. Additionally, studies often fail to account for dissociable aspects of the learning process in the specification of model parameters (learning rates and reward sensitivity). Here, we investigate whether learning deficits in individuals with high autistic traits exhibit deficits when learning from facial point-light displays (PLDs) depicting emotional expressions. Social and non-social stimuli were created from random arrangements of the same number of point-lights and carefully matched on low-level visual properties. Neurotypical participants (N = 63) were assessed using the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) and completed a total of 96 trials in a reinforcement learning task. Although linear multi-level modelling did not indicate learning deficits, pre-registered computational modelling using a Rescorla-Wagner framework revealed that higher autistic traits were associated with reduced reward sensitivity in the win domain, demonstrating an attenuated response to received feedback during learning. These findings suggest that autistic traits can significantly impact learning from PLD feedback beyond a general deficit in learning rates.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"241349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cerebellum converts input data into a hyper low-resolution granule cell code with spatial dimensions: a hypothesis. 小脑将输入数据转换成具有空间维度的超低分辨率颗粒细胞代码：一个假设。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241665

Mike Gilbert, Anders Rasmussen

{"title":"The cerebellum converts input data into a hyper low-resolution granule cell code with spatial dimensions: a hypothesis.","authors":"Mike Gilbert, Anders Rasmussen","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241665","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241665","url":null,"abstract":"We present a theory of the inner layer of the cerebellar cortex, the granular layer, where the main excitatory input to the cerebellum is received. We ask how input signals are converted into an internal code and what form that has. While there is a computational element, and the ideas are quantified with a computer simulation, the approach is primarily evidence-led and aimed at experimenters rather than the computational community. Network models are often simplified to provide a noiseless medium for sophisticated computations. We propose, with evidence, the reverse: physiology is highly adapted to provide a noiseless medium for straightforward computations. We find that input data are converted to a hyper low-resolution internal code. Information is coded in the joint activity of large cell groups and therefore has minimum spatial dimensions-the dimensions of a code group. The conversion exploits statistical effects of random sampling. Code group dimensions are an effect of topography, cell morphologies and granular layer architecture. The activity of a code group is the smallest unit of information but not the smallest unit of code-the same information is coded in any random sample of signals. Code in this form is unexpectedly wasteful-there is a huge sacrifice of resolution-but may be a solution to fundamental problems involved in the biological representation of information.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"241665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Face mask mandates alter major determinants of adherence to protective health behaviours in Australia. 在澳大利亚，戴口罩的规定改变了遵守保护性卫生行为的主要决定因素。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241941

Matthew Ryan, Jinjing Ye, Justin Sexton, Roslyn I Hickson, Emily Brindal

{"title":"Face mask mandates alter major determinants of adherence to protective health behaviours in Australia.","authors":"Matthew Ryan, Jinjing Ye, Justin Sexton, Roslyn I Hickson, Emily Brindal","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241941","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241941","url":null,"abstract":"Face mask wearing is a protective health behaviour that helps mitigate the spread of infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. Understanding predictors of face mask wearing can help refine public health messaging and policy in future pandemics. Government mandates influence face mask wearing, but how mandates change predictors of face mask wearing has not been explored. We investigate how mandates changed predictors of face mask wearing and general protective behaviours within Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic using cross-sectional survey data. We compared four machine learning models to predict face mask wearing and general protective behaviours before and after mandates started in Australia; ensemble, tree-based models (XGBoost and random forests) performed best. Other than state, common predictors before and after mandates included age, survey week, average number of contacts, wellbeing, and perception of illness threat. Predictors that only appeared in the top ten before mandates included trust in government, and employment status; and after mandates were willingness to isolate. These distinct predictors are possible targets for future public health messaging at different stages of a new pandemic.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"241941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body posture aftereffects-does viewing slouched bodies change people's perception of normal posture? 身体姿势的后遗症——看懒散的身体会改变人们对正常姿势的看法吗？

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241677

Eva Tzschaschel, Ian D Stephen, Kevin Brooks

{"title":"Body posture aftereffects-does viewing slouched bodies change people's perception of normal posture?","authors":"Eva Tzschaschel, Ian D Stephen, Kevin Brooks","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241677","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241677","url":null,"abstract":"People lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles and spend extended periods sitting in slouched and head-forward positions, which can lead to health issues. People are so accustomed to seeing slouched posture that they may perceive it as normal and fail to notice their own slouched posture. We aim to investigate this possibility using the visual adaptation paradigm, which has provided insights into the perception of body size and shape in the context of exposure to thin bodies in the media. The experiment was conducted in three phases. First, participants established the posture they perceived as normal by manipulating body stimuli shown in profile view. In the second phase, the adaptation phase, participants viewed bodies with extremely upright or slouched postures before establishing their perceived normal posture again in the third phase. Perceived normal posture differed significantly before versus after adaptation, demonstrating a visual aftereffect. However, this only applied if test and adaptation bodies were presented in the same orientation, suggesting that our representation of posture is retina-centred rather than object-centred. This result reduces the likelihood that visual adaptation influences the increase in slouched posture in the population. These results contribute to understanding visual influences on people's perception of body posture.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"241677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of iconicity and autistic traits on novel word learning: a cross-cultural investigation. 象似性和自闭特征对新词学习影响的跨文化研究。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.242161

Vijayachandra Ramachandra, Kairi Sugimoto, Kelly Ziskind, Ark Verma, Irfan Ahmad, Mahayana Godoy, Katsumi Watanabe

{"title":"The influence of iconicity and autistic traits on novel word learning: a cross-cultural investigation.","authors":"Vijayachandra Ramachandra, Kairi Sugimoto, Kelly Ziskind, Ark Verma, Irfan Ahmad, Mahayana Godoy, Katsumi Watanabe","doi":"10.1098/rsos.242161","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.242161","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of iconicity and autistic traits on novel word learning were investigated through an online experiment involving 1481 healthy adult participants aged between 18 and 40 years from four countries: Brazil (N = 261), India (N = 416), Japan (N = 493) and the USA (N = 311). Participants completed a bouba-kiki-based word learning task, viewing novel images paired with either iconic names (congruent condition) or arbitrary names (incongruent condition). Word recognition was assessed using a three-alternative forced-choice procedure, and autistic traits were measured with the autism spectrum quotient (AQ). Results showed a significant benefit of iconicity across all countries, with better performance in the congruent condition. While a linear mixed model revealed no significant effect of AQ on bouba-kiki scores overall, a country-specific analysis found a weak but significant positive correlation between AQ scores and bouba-kiki performance in Japanese participants. This country-specific finding should be interpreted cautiously and warrants further exploration. Overall, the findings demonstrate the robustness and universality of the bouba-kiki effect on word learning across both Western and Eastern cultures. However, the relationship between autistic traits and iconicity was not consistent across all countries and may depend on cultural factors. Further research is needed to explore this in more detail.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"242161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transparency in the secondary use of health data: assessing the status quo of guidance and best practices. 卫生数据二次使用的透明度：评估指导和最佳做法的现状。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊

Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241364

Olmo R van den Akker, Robert T Thibault, John P A Ioannidis, Susanne G Schorr, Daniel Strech

{"title":"Transparency in the secondary use of health data: assessing the status quo of guidance and best practices.","authors":"Olmo R van den Akker, Robert T Thibault, John P A Ioannidis, Susanne G Schorr, Daniel Strech","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241364","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsos.241364","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated what guidance exists in the literature to improve the transparency of studies that make secondary use of health data. To find peer-reviewed papers, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar. To find institutional documents, we used our personal expertise to draft a list of health organizations and searched their websites. We quantitatively and qualitatively coded different types of research transparency: registration, methods reporting, results reporting, data sharing and code sharing. We found 56 documents that provide recommendations to improve the transparency of studies making secondary use of health data, mainly in relation to study registration (n = 27) and/or methods reporting (n = 39). Only three documents made recommendations on data sharing or code sharing. Recommendations for study registration and methods reporting mainly came in the form of structured documents like registration templates and reporting guidelines. Aside from the recommendations aimed directly at researchers, we also found recommendations aimed at the wider research community, typically on how to improve research infrastructure. Limitations or challenges of improving transparency were rarely mentioned, highlighting the need for more nuance in providing transparency guidance for studies that make secondary use of health data.","PeriodicalId":21525,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","volume":"12 3","pages":"241364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0