Science最新文献

{"title":"The post-truth era and how science education keeps ignoring it","authors":"Sibel Erduran","doi":"10.1126/science.adx5458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx5458","url":null,"abstract":"The term <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_1\">“post-truth” has been used to characterize the contemporary era</jats:ext-link> . Designated as the word of the year in 2016 by the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://www.oed.com/dictionary/post-truth_adj?tab=meaning_and_use\">Oxford English Dictionary</jats:ext-link> , “post-truth” refers to “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping political debate or public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.” Authors advocate that more needs to be done to address the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Beyond-Misinformation-Understanding-and-Coping-with-the-Post-Truth-Era-Stephan-Lewandowsky.pdf\">adverse effects of post-truth, such as misinformation</jats:ext-link> , and to help people cope with it. But what exactly needs to be done? Take the science education ecosystem, for example: What are the implications for science curricula in schools and universities? How should school science teachers and university lecturers teach? One way of dealing with post-truth is to focus on the nature and importance of scientific evidence to counter proliferation of misinformation. My own research group has been investigating strategies to support evidence-based reasoning in secondary school science lessons for more than 25 years. Our work has highlighted how students’ skills in <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-6670-2\">evidence-based reasoning</jats:ext-link> can be supported through <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0330e99c-6c6e-4c4b-80b3-aa403688e100\">resources</jats:ext-link> and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09500693.2017.1336807\">pedagogical strategies</jats:ext-link> .","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine print—Science’s new look","authors":"Beth Rakouskas,&nbsp;H. Holden Thorp","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.ady5490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fungal ally wards off liver disease","authors":"Lora V. Hooper,&nbsp;Andrew Y. Koh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. Most microbiota constituents are bacteria, which produce a diverse array of metabolites that signal to human cells or interact with enzymatic pathways to shape host biology. The microbiota also includes a range of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic fungi that, like gut bacteria, produce an abundance of metabolites. However, outside of a few well-studied toxin-producing pathogenic fungi, very little is known about how these fungal compounds interact with host cells to affect health. On page 491 of this issue, Zhou <i>et al</i>. (<i>1</i>) report a fungal species that resides in the human gut and produces a compound that protects against metabolic disease in mice. The findings point to intestinal fungi as a potentially rich source of beneficial chemical compounds that could be harnessed for human health.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometrically frustrated rose petals","authors":"Yafei Zhang,&nbsp;Omri Y. Cohen,&nbsp;Michael Moshe,&nbsp;Eran Sharon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Growth and form are deeply interconnected, in a manner often mediated by mechanical instabilities arising from geometric incompatibilities. Although Gauss incompatibility has long been recognized as the source of morphing in naturally growing slender organs, here we show that the growth profile of rose petals remains Gauss compatible. Their distinctive shape emerges from a different type of geometric incompatibility, the Mainardi-Codazzi-Peterson (MCP) incompatibility, which leads to the formation of localized cusps along the petal margins. We validated this mechanism in model disc petals theoretically, computationally, and experimentally. Our study reveals distinct morphological regimes, ranging from smooth edges to cusp-forming configurations, and demonstrates how stress focusing at cusps influences subsequent petal growth. These findings position MCP incompatibility as a generic mechanism for cusp formation in both natural and manmade self-morphing sheets.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A symbiotic filamentous gut fungus ameliorates MASH via a secondary metabolite–CerS6–ceramide axis","authors":"Shuang Zhou,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Pengcheng Wang,&nbsp;Chenghao Guo,&nbsp;Jinxin Zhang,&nbsp;Xi Luo,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Fan,&nbsp;En-Qiang Chen,&nbsp;Xingshun Qi,&nbsp;Jinjun Chen,&nbsp;Lechi Ye,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Yuan,&nbsp;Wen-Bing Yin,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Ming-Hua Zheng,&nbsp;Yanli Pang,&nbsp;Jie Qiao,&nbsp;Changtao Jiang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The gut microbiota is known to be associated with a variety of human metabolic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Fungi are increasingly recognized as important members of this community; however, the role of fungal symbionts in metabolic diseases is unknown. We have systematically isolated and characterized gut fungi, identifying <i>Fusarium foetens</i> as an intestinal symbiotic filamentous fungus in mice. <i>F. foetens</i> reverses MASH progression in mouse models through an intestinal ceramide synthetase 6 (CerS6)–ceramide axis. Moreover, we identified FF-C1, a secondary metabolite from <i>F. foetens</i>, as a CerS6 inhibitor that has an endogenous protective effect on MASH progression.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and gene flow are insufficient to rescue a montane plant under climate change.","authors":"Jill T Anderson,Megan L DeMarche,Derek A Denney,Ian Breckheimer,James Santangelo,Susana M Wadgymar","doi":"10.1126/science.adr1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr1010","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change increasingly drives local population dynamics, shifts geographic distributions, and threatens persistence. Gene flow and rapid adaptation could rescue declining populations yet are seldom integrated into forecasts. We modeled eco-evolutionary dynamics under preindustrial, contemporary, and projected climates using up to 9 years of fitness data from 102,272 transplants (115 source populations) of Boechera stricta in five common gardens. Climate change endangers locally adapted populations and reduces genotypic variation in long-term population growth rate, suggesting limited adaptive potential. Upslope migration could stabilize high-elevation populations and preserve low-elevation ecotypes, but unassisted gene flow modeled with genomic data is too spatially restricted. Species distribution models failed to capture current dynamics and likely overestimate persistence under intermediate emissions scenarios, highlighting the importance of modeling evolutionary processes.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"525-531"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editing proteins inside a cell","authors":"J. Trae Hampton,&nbsp;Wenshe Ray Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Programmable gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, have increased the capacity to study gene functions and to model diseases. These tools can precisely manipulate DNA and RNA at the nucleotide level in both cellular and whole-animal contexts (<i>1</i>, <i>2</i>). Proteins constitute another primary class of biomacromolecules that forms the basis of genetic information flow and determines the observable traits of an organism. However, no comparable technique is available for directly editing proteins within a cell. On page 487 of this issue, Beyer <i>et al</i>. (<i>3</i>) report that a pair of split inteins—small protein segments that can undergo a self-sustained protein splicing reaction—enables endogenous protein editing in living mammalian cells. Recently, Hua <i>et al</i>. (<i>4</i>) also reported the manipulation of folded proteins using the split intein–mediated method. Such direct protein editing creates possibilities for introducing previously unachievable protein functions and their spatiotemporal controls at the cellular level.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-sea mining interests cannot shape research","authors":"Sebastian Losada,&nbsp;Mengjiao Wang,&nbsp;David Santillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6746","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanics behind the beauty of roses.","authors":"Qinghao Cui,Lishuai Jin","doi":"10.1126/science.adx1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx1733","url":null,"abstract":"As rose petals change shape during maturation, they do not follow classical geometrical incompatibility.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"466-467"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fungal ally wards off liver disease.","authors":"Lora V Hooper,Andrew Y Koh","doi":"10.1126/science.adx1789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx1789","url":null,"abstract":"A metabolite secreted by an intestinal fungus blunts metabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"470-471"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}