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Marine origins and freshwater radiations of the otophysan fishes 耳棘鱼的海洋起源和淡水辐射
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr4494
Juan Liu, Donald B. Brinkman, Alison M. Murray, Michael G. Newbrey, Zehua Zhou, Lisa L. Van Loon, Neil R. Banerjee
{"title":"Marine origins and freshwater radiations of the otophysan fishes","authors":"Juan Liu,&nbsp;Donald B. Brinkman,&nbsp;Alison M. Murray,&nbsp;Michael G. Newbrey,&nbsp;Zehua Zhou,&nbsp;Lisa L. Van Loon,&nbsp;Neil R. Banerjee","doi":"10.1126/science.adr4494","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr4494","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Otophysans, known for their enhanced hearing enabled by the complex Weberian apparatus, comprise two-thirds of extant freshwater fish species. Previously, they were thought to have originated in fresh water before the breakup of Pangea, implying a nearly 80-million-year gap between the origin and oldest known fossil. However, the discovery of a Late Cretaceous freshwater otophysan challenges this view. Integrating fossil, morphological, and genomic data, we estimate a younger crown group origin of ~154 million years ago. Notably, ancestral range and habitat reconstructions indicate marine origins for the otophysan crown groups, with at least two transitions to fresh water. Functional simulations of the Weberian ossicles of this fossil suggest that the distinctive hearing capabilities of otophysans evolved in conjunction with fusion of hearing ossicle parts and freshwater adaptations.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Localized glutamine leakage drives the spatial structure of root microbial colonization 局部谷氨酰胺泄漏驱动根系微生物定植的空间结构
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4235
Huei-Hsuan Tsai, Yuanjie Tang, Lingmin Jiang, Xiaoyan Xu, Valérie Dénervaud Tendon, Jia Pang, Yanyan Jia, Kathrin Wippel, Jordan Vacheron, Christoph Keel, Tonni Grube Andersen, Niko Geldner, Feng Zhou
{"title":"Localized glutamine leakage drives the spatial structure of root microbial colonization","authors":"Huei-Hsuan Tsai,&nbsp;Yuanjie Tang,&nbsp;Lingmin Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xu,&nbsp;Valérie Dénervaud Tendon,&nbsp;Jia Pang,&nbsp;Yanyan Jia,&nbsp;Kathrin Wippel,&nbsp;Jordan Vacheron,&nbsp;Christoph Keel,&nbsp;Tonni Grube Andersen,&nbsp;Niko Geldner,&nbsp;Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4235","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu4235","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Plant roots release exudates to encourage microbiome assembly, which influences the function and stress resilience of plants. How specific exudates drive spatial colonization patterns remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that endodermal Casparian strips—forming the root’s extracellular diffusion barrier—restrict nutrient leakage into the rhizosphere, coinciding with and controlling spatial colonization patterns of rhizobacteria. We find that vasculature-derived glutamine leakage is a major bacterial chemoattractant and enhancer of proliferation, defining a previously unknown pathway for root exudate formation. Bacteria defective in amino acid chemoperception display reduced attraction toward leakage sites, and roots with Casparian strip defects display bacterial overproliferation, dependent on bacterial capacity for amino acid metabolization. Associated chronic immune stimulation suggests that endodermal nutrient restriction is crucial for regulating microbial colonization and assembly, limiting excessive proliferation that could compromise plant health.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A high-resolution molecular spin-photon interface at telecommunication wavelengths 电信波长的高分辨率分子自旋光子界面
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.ady8677
Leah R. Weiss, Grant T. Smith, Ryan A. Murphy, Bahman Golesorkhi, José A. Méndez Méndez, Priya Patel, Jens Niklas, Oleg G. Poluektov, Jeffrey R. Long, David D. Awschalom
{"title":"A high-resolution molecular spin-photon interface at telecommunication wavelengths","authors":"Leah R. Weiss,&nbsp;Grant T. Smith,&nbsp;Ryan A. Murphy,&nbsp;Bahman Golesorkhi,&nbsp;José A. Méndez Méndez,&nbsp;Priya Patel,&nbsp;Jens Niklas,&nbsp;Oleg G. Poluektov,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Long,&nbsp;David D. Awschalom","doi":"10.1126/science.ady8677","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ady8677","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Optically addressable electronic spins in polyatomic molecules are a promising platform for quantum information science, with the potential to enable scalable qubit design and integration through atomistic tunability and nanoscale localization. However, optical state- and site-selection are an open challenge. In this work, we introduce an organo-erbium spin qubit in which narrow (megahertz-scale) optical and spin transitions couple to provide high-resolution access to spin degrees of freedom with telecommunication-frequency light. This spin-photon interface enables demonstration of optical spin polarization and readout that distinguishes between spin states and magnetically inequivalent sites in a molecular crystal. Operation at frequencies compatible with mature photonic and microwave devices provides an opportunity for engineering scalable, integrated molecular spin-optical quantum technologies.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Science Journals 在科学期刊上
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.aec7034
Jesse Smith, Corinne Simonti, Phil Szuromi, Jake S. Yeston, Ian S. Osborne, Leslie Ferrarelli, Sacha Vignieri, Jana Zaumseil, Di Jiang, L. Bryan Ray, Mattia Maroso, Madeleine Seale, Marc S. Lavine, Michael A Funk, Claire Olingy, Brandon Berry
{"title":"In Science Journals","authors":"Jesse Smith,&nbsp;Corinne Simonti,&nbsp;Phil Szuromi,&nbsp;Jake S. Yeston,&nbsp;Ian S. Osborne,&nbsp;Leslie Ferrarelli,&nbsp;Sacha Vignieri,&nbsp;Jana Zaumseil,&nbsp;Di Jiang,&nbsp;L. Bryan Ray,&nbsp;Mattia Maroso,&nbsp;Madeleine Seale,&nbsp;Marc S. Lavine,&nbsp;Michael A Funk,&nbsp;Claire Olingy,&nbsp;Brandon Berry","doi":"10.1126/science.aec7034","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aec7034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aec7034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UN politics won’t deliver an ambitious plastics treaty 联合国政治不会达成一项雄心勃勃的塑料条约
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.aec1353
Peter Dauvergne, Jen Iris Allan
{"title":"UN politics won’t deliver an ambitious plastics treaty","authors":"Peter Dauvergne,&nbsp;Jen Iris Allan","doi":"10.1126/science.aec1353","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aec1353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aec1353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strengthening nucleic acid biosecurity screening against generative protein design tools 加强对生成蛋白设计工具的核酸生物安全筛选
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.adu8578
Bruce J. Wittmann, Tessa Alexanian, Craig Bartling, Jacob Beal, Adam Clore, James Diggans, Kevin Flyangolts, Bryan T. Gemler, Tom Mitchell, Steven T. Murphy, Nicole E. Wheeler, Eric Horvitz
{"title":"Strengthening nucleic acid biosecurity screening against generative protein design tools","authors":"Bruce J. Wittmann,&nbsp;Tessa Alexanian,&nbsp;Craig Bartling,&nbsp;Jacob Beal,&nbsp;Adam Clore,&nbsp;James Diggans,&nbsp;Kevin Flyangolts,&nbsp;Bryan T. Gemler,&nbsp;Tom Mitchell,&nbsp;Steven T. Murphy,&nbsp;Nicole E. Wheeler,&nbsp;Eric Horvitz","doi":"10.1126/science.adu8578","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu8578","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted protein engineering are enabling breakthroughs in the life sciences but also introduce new biosecurity challenges. Synthesis of nucleic acids is a choke point in AI-assisted protein engineering pipelines. Thus, an important focus for efforts to enhance biosecurity given AI-enabled capabilities is bolstering methods used by nucleic acid synthesis providers to screen orders. We evaluated the ability of open-source AI-powered protein design software to create variants of proteins of concern that could evade detection by the biosecurity screening tools used by nucleic acid synthesis providers, identifying a vulnerability where AI-redesigned sequences could not be detected reliably by current tools. In response, we developed and deployed patches, greatly improving detection rates of synthetic homologs more likely to retain wild type–like function.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A lesson in mentoring. 关于指导的一课。
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.aec6104
Muneer Yaqub
{"title":"A lesson in mentoring.","authors":"Muneer Yaqub","doi":"10.1126/science.aec6104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec6104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancient alleles drive contemporary climate adaptation in an alpine plant 古等位基因驱动高山植物的当代气候适应
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp5717
Simone Fior, Hirzi Luqman, Mathias Scharmann, Aksel Pålsson, Jennifer de Jonge, Stefan Zoller, Niklaus Zemp, Domenico Gargano, Daniel Wegmann, Alex Widmer
{"title":"Ancient alleles drive contemporary climate adaptation in an alpine plant","authors":"Simone Fior,&nbsp;Hirzi Luqman,&nbsp;Mathias Scharmann,&nbsp;Aksel Pålsson,&nbsp;Jennifer de Jonge,&nbsp;Stefan Zoller,&nbsp;Niklaus Zemp,&nbsp;Domenico Gargano,&nbsp;Daniel Wegmann,&nbsp;Alex Widmer","doi":"10.1126/science.adp5717","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp5717","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Adaptive evolution is key for species to persist in a warming climate. However, how adaptive genetic variants arise and shape both past and future evolutionary trajectories remains largely unknown. In this work, we integrate genomics with functional and ecological assays to unravel the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of alleles governing adaptation to climate through flowering time in an Alpine carnation. We reveal that “warm” and “cold” alleles of the flowering inhibitor <i>CENTRORADIALIS</i> (<i>DsCEN/2</i>) originated through recombination of highly divergent haplotypes during the carnation radiation, implicating ancestral variation in seeding climate-adaptive alleles. These alleles survived in glacial refugia before mediating the species’ range expansion in response to postglacial warming. We predict that, by recapitulating past evolution, warm alleles will continue to facilitate adaptation under future climate change.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adp5717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden networks in the brain 大脑中隐藏的网络
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb2962
Dimitri Budinger, Michael T. Heneka
{"title":"Hidden networks in the brain","authors":"Dimitri Budinger,&nbsp;Michael T. Heneka","doi":"10.1126/science.aeb2962","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aeb2962","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Intercellular communication is essential in multicellular organisms. Cells communicate through direct contact, using ligand-receptor interactions, and through the release of extracellular vesicles and diffusible messengers (<i>1</i>). Yet, there is also a more elusive form of intercellular connectivity: thin membranous bridges that allow the direct transfer of ions, proteins, and organelles (<i>2</i>). Known as tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), these structures can connect immune cells (<i>3</i>), cancer cells (<i>4</i>), and stem cells (<i>5</i>), among others (<i>6</i>). However, their presence in the mammalian brain has remained difficult to prove. On page 43 of this issue, Chang <i>et al</i>. (<i>7</i>) report the observation of dendritic nanotubes (DNTs) in brain tissue from mice and humans. These thin, actin-based protrusions form bridges between neurons, transmitting calcium signals and even amyloid-β (Aβ), a key protein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The discovery suggests that the current understanding of the brain’s organization may be incomplete, overlooking a hidden layer of connectivity.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GCN1 couples GCN2 to ribosomal state to initiate amino acid response pathway signaling GCN1将GCN2偶联至核糖体状态，启动氨基酸反应通路信号
IF 45.8 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1126/science.ads8728
Changqian Zhou, Miao Zhang, Jason Murray, Joao Paulo, Steve Gygi, Sichen Shao, Malcolm Whitman, Tracy Keller
{"title":"GCN1 couples GCN2 to ribosomal state to initiate amino acid response pathway signaling","authors":"Changqian Zhou,&nbsp;Miao Zhang,&nbsp;Jason Murray,&nbsp;Joao Paulo,&nbsp;Steve Gygi,&nbsp;Sichen Shao,&nbsp;Malcolm Whitman,&nbsp;Tracy Keller","doi":"10.1126/science.ads8728","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ads8728","url":null,"abstract":"<div >During nutrient deprivation, activation of the protein kinase GCN2 regulates cell survival and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to amino acid stress, GCN2 is activated by a variety of cellular stresses. GCN2 activation has been linked to its association with uncharged tRNAs, specific ribosomal proteins, and conditions of translational arrest, but their relative contribution to activation is unclear. Here, we used in vitro translation to reconstitute GCN2 activation by amino acid stress and compared collided ribosome populations induced by diverse translational stressors. Initiation of GCN2 signaling required the di-ribosome sensor GCN1, which recruits GCN2 to ribosomes in a collision-dependent manner, where GCN2 becomes activated by key ribosomal interactions and stably associated with collided ribosomes. Our findings define the molecular requirements and dynamics of GCN2 activation.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6768","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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