Science最新文献

{"title":"Entangling molecules with a tiny motor","authors":"Jonathon Beves","doi":"10.1126/science.adz7646","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz7646","url":null,"abstract":"<div >In nature, tiny molecular machines drive biological processes such as moving cargos and information through cells, storing energy, and disposing of waste. The first artificial molecular machines were created in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with long-term goals of capabilities to rival nature (<i>1</i>, <i>2</i>). Since then, tiny molecular machines have been used as catalysts (<i>3</i>–<i>5</i>) for purposes including to select three-dimensional atomic arrangements in a molecule (<i>6</i>), to prepare a specific peptide sequence (<i>7</i>), or to form complex topological structures (<i>8</i>). In some cases, they can switch between different reaction outcomes or influence the frequency of a reaction. On page 526 of this issue, Wachsmuth <i>et al.</i> (<i>9</i>) report an artificial molecular motor that can twist a molecular thread (a linear chain of atoms) to form a mechanically interlocked molecule. This demonstrates how an artificial molecular machine can precisely control spatial and chemical bond formation.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conserved noncoding cis elements associated with hibernation modulate metabolic and behavioral adaptations in mice","authors":"Susan Steinwand,&nbsp;Cornelia Stacher Hörndli,&nbsp;Elliott Ferris,&nbsp;Jared Emery,&nbsp;Josue D. Gonzalez Murcia,&nbsp;Adriana Cristina Rodriguez,&nbsp;Riley J. Spotswood,&nbsp;Amandine Chaix,&nbsp;Alun Thomas,&nbsp;Crystal Davey,&nbsp;Christopher Gregg","doi":"10.1126/science.adp4701","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp4701","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Cis<i>-</i>regulatory elements (CREs) drive phenotypic diversity, yet how CREs are causally linked to function remains largely unclear. Our study elucidates functions for conserved cis<i> </i>elements associated with the evolution of mammalian hibernation and metabolic flexibility. Genomic analyses revealed topologically associated domains (TADs) enriched for convergent changes in hibernators, including the <i>Fat Mass &amp; Obesity</i> (<i>Fto</i>) locus. In this TAD, we uncovered genetic circuits for metabolic responses and hibernation-linked cis<i> </i>elements forming regulatory contacts with neighboring genes. Deletions of individual cis<i> </i>elements in mice differentially altered <i>Fto</i>,<i> Irx3</i>, and <i>Irx5</i> expression, reshaping downstream gene expression programs and affecting metabolism, torpor, obesogenesis, and foraging in distinct ways. Our findings show how convergent evolution in hibernators pinpoints functional genetic mechanisms of metabolic control, with multiple effects encoded in single CREs.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative connectomics of two distantly related nematode species reveals patterns of nervous system evolution","authors":"Steven J. Cook,&nbsp;Cristine A. Kalinski,&nbsp;Curtis M. Loer,&nbsp;Nadin Memar,&nbsp;Maryam Majeed,&nbsp;Sarah Rebecca Stephen,&nbsp;Daniel J. Bumbarger,&nbsp;Metta Riebesell,&nbsp;Barbara Conradt,&nbsp;Ralf Schnabel,&nbsp;Ralf J. Sommer,&nbsp;Oliver Hobert","doi":"10.1126/science.adx2143","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx2143","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Understanding the evolution of the bilaterian brain requires a detailed exploration of the precise nature of cellular and subcellular differences between related species. We undertook an electron micrographic reconstruction of the brain of the predatory nematode <i>Pristionchus pacificus</i> and compared the results with the brain of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, which diverged at least 100 million years ago. We revealed changes in neuronal cell death, neuronal cell position, axodendritic projection patterns, and synaptic connectivity of homologous neurons that display no obvious changes in overall neurite morphology and projection patterns. These multiscale patterns of evolutionary changes show no bias to specific brain regions or neuron types.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational traffic jam in aging brains","authors":"Olivier Dionne,&nbsp;Benoit Laurent","doi":"10.1126/science.adz4995","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz4995","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Aging is driven by several concurrent biological processes, which can be summarized in a subset of core alterations referred to as the hallmarks of aging (<i>1</i>). These hallmarks encompass almost all aspects of cellular physiology and are known to be evolutionarily well conserved. Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) ensures that proteins are correctly made, folded, and degraded when no longer needed. Disruption in proteostasis is a key feature of normal aging and often occurs alongside other hallmarks of aging, including genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and epigenetic alterations (<i>2</i>). Nonetheless, a definitive molecular link between impaired proteostasis and other aging hallmarks has yet to be established. On page 478 of this issue, Di Fraia <i>et al</i>. (<i>3</i>) report a comprehensive biochemical investigation of brain aging in the killifish (<i>Nothobranchius furzeri</i>) that identifies disrupted production of a group of essential proteins as a link between impaired proteostasis and other hallmarks of aging.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid deep brain chemogenetics: Minimally invasive, genetically targeted deep brain stimulation is achieved using ultrasound-activated nanocrystals","authors":"Huilang Wang","doi":"10.1126/science.aea0852","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aea0852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aea0852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding US-China climate cooperation","authors":"Fan Dai","doi":"10.1126/science.adx5182","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx5182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adx5182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pantropical tree rings show small effects of drought on stem growth","authors":"Pieter A. Zuidema,&nbsp;Peter Groenendijk,&nbsp;Mizanur Rahman,&nbsp;Valerie Trouet,&nbsp;Abrham Abiyu,&nbsp;Rodolfo Acuña-Soto,&nbsp;Eduardo Adenesky-Filho,&nbsp;Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez,&nbsp;Claudio Roberto Anholetto Jr,&nbsp;José Roberto Vieira Aragão,&nbsp;Gabriel Assis-Pereira,&nbsp;Claudia C. Astudillo-Sánchez,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Barbosa,&nbsp;Giovanna Battipaglia,&nbsp;Hans Beeckman,&nbsp;Paulo Cesar Botosso,&nbsp;Nils Bourland,&nbsp;Achim Bräuning,&nbsp;Roel Brienen,&nbsp;Matthew Brookhouse,&nbsp;Supaporn Buajan,&nbsp;Brendan M. Buckley,&nbsp;J. Julio Camarero,&nbsp;Artemio Carrillo-Parra,&nbsp;Gregório Ceccantini,&nbsp;Librado R. Centeno-Erguera,&nbsp;Julián Cerano-Paredes,&nbsp;Rosalinda Cervantes-Martínez,&nbsp;Wirong Chanthorn,&nbsp;Ya-Jun Chen,&nbsp;Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra,&nbsp;Eladio Heriberto Cornejo-Oviedo,&nbsp;Otoniel Cortés-Cortés,&nbsp;Clayane Matos Costa,&nbsp;Camille Couralet,&nbsp;Doris Bianca Crispín-De-La-Cruz,&nbsp;Rosanne D’arrigo,&nbsp;Diego A. David,&nbsp;Maaike De Ridder,&nbsp;Jorge Ignacio Del Valle,&nbsp;Mário Dobner Jr,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Doucet,&nbsp;Oliver Dünisch,&nbsp;Brian J. Enquist,&nbsp;Karin Esemann-Quadros,&nbsp;Gerardo Esquivel-Arriaga,&nbsp;Ze-Xin Fan,&nbsp;Adeline Fayolle,&nbsp;Tatiele Anete Bergamo Fenilli,&nbsp;M. Eugenia Ferrero,&nbsp;Esther Fichtler,&nbsp;Patrick M. Finnegan,&nbsp;Claudia Fontana,&nbsp;Kainana S. Francisco,&nbsp;Pei-Li Fu,&nbsp;Franklin Galvão,&nbsp;Aster Gebrekirstos,&nbsp;Jorge A. Giraldo,&nbsp;Emanuel Gloor,&nbsp;Milena Godoy-Veiga,&nbsp;Daniela Granato-Souza,&nbsp;Anthony Guerra,&nbsp;Kristof Haneca,&nbsp;Grant Logan Harley,&nbsp;Ingo Heinrich,&nbsp;Gerhard Helle,&nbsp;Bruna Hornink,&nbsp;Wannes Hubau,&nbsp;Janet G. Inga,&nbsp;Mahmuda Islam,&nbsp;Yu-Mei Jiang,&nbsp;Mark Kaib,&nbsp;Zakia Hassan Khamisi,&nbsp;Marcin Koprowski,&nbsp;Eva Layme,&nbsp;A. Joshua Leffler,&nbsp;Gauthier Ligot,&nbsp;Claudio Sergio Lisi,&nbsp;Neil J. Loader,&nbsp;Francisco De Almeida Lobo,&nbsp;Giuliano Maselli Locosselli,&nbsp;Tomaz Longhi-Santos,&nbsp;Lidio Lopez,&nbsp;María I. López-Hernández,&nbsp;José Luís Penetra Cerveira Lousada,&nbsp;Rubén D. Manzanedo,&nbsp;Amanda K. Marcon,&nbsp;Justin T. Maxwell,&nbsp;Omar N. Mendoza-Villa,&nbsp;Ítallo Romany Nunes Menezes,&nbsp;Mulugeta Mokria,&nbsp;Valdinez Ribeiro Montóia,&nbsp;Eddy Moors,&nbsp;Miyer Moreno,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Muñiz-Castro,&nbsp;Cristina Nabais,&nbsp;Anuttara Nathalang,&nbsp;Justine Ngoma,&nbsp;Francisco De Carvalho Nogueira Jr,&nbsp;Juliano Morales Oliveira,&nbsp;Gabriela Morais Olmedo,&nbsp;Daigard Ricardo Ortega-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz,&nbsp;Mariana Alves Pagotto,&nbsp;Shankar Panthi,&nbsp;Kathelyn Paredes-Villanueva,&nbsp;Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis,&nbsp;Laura Patricia Ponce Calderón,&nbsp;Leif Armando Portal-Cahuana,&nbsp;Darwin Alexander Pucha-Cofrep,&nbsp;Nathsuda Pumijumnong,&nbsp;Paulo Quadri,&nbsp;Jorge Andrés Ramírez,&nbsp;Edilson Jimmy Requena-Rojas,&nbsp;Judith Reyes-Flores,&nbsp;Adauto de Souza Ribeiro,&nbsp;Iain Robertson,&nbsp;Fidel Alejandro Roig,&nbsp;José Guilherme Roquette,&nbsp;Ernesto Alonso Rubio-Camacho,&nbsp;Raúl Sánchez-Salguero,&nbsp;Ute Sass-Klaassen,&nbsp;Jochen Schöngart,&nbsp;Marcelo Callegari Scipioni,&nbsp;Paul R. Sheppard,&nbsp;Lucas C.R. Silva,&nbsp;Franziska Slotta,&nbsp;Leroy Soria-Díaz,&nbsp;Luciana K.V.S. Sousa,&nbsp;James H. Speer,&nbsp;Matthew D. Therrell,&nbsp;Ginette Ticse-Otarola,&nbsp;Mario Tomazello-Filho,&nbsp;Max C.A. Torbenson,&nbsp;Pantana Tor-Ngern,&nbsp;Ramzi Touchan,&nbsp;Jan Van den Bulcke,&nbsp;Lorenzo Vázquez-Selem,&nbsp;Adín H. Velázquez-Pérez,&nbsp;Alejandro Venegas-González,&nbsp;Ricardo Villalba,&nbsp;Jose Villanueva-Diaz,&nbsp;Mart Vlam,&nbsp;George Vourlitis,&nbsp;Christian Wehenkel,&nbsp;Tommy Wils,&nbsp;Erika S. Zavaleta,&nbsp;Eshetu Asfaw Zewdu,&nbsp;Yong-Jiang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhe-Kun Zhou,&nbsp;Flurin Babst","doi":"10.1126/science.adq6607","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adq6607","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Increasing drought pressure under anthropogenic climate change may jeopardize the potential of tropical forests to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long-term carbon dioxide sink. To evaluate this risk, we assessed drought impacts in 483 tree-ring chronologies from across the tropics and found an overall modest stem growth decline (2.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 2.2 to 2.7%) during the 10% driest years since 1930. Stem growth declines exceeded 10% in 25% of cases and were larger at hotter and drier sites and for gymnosperms compared with angiosperms. Growth declines generally did not outlast drought years and were partially mitigated by growth stimulation in wet years. Thus, pantropical forest carbon sequestration through stem growth has hitherto shown drought resilience that may, however, diminish under future climate change.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil’s Indigenous lands face legal setbacks","authors":"Lucas Ferrante,&nbsp;Rodrigo Machado Vilani,&nbsp;Waldemiro Apurinã,&nbsp;Filipe Gabriel Mura,&nbsp;Natália Sátyro,&nbsp;Vanessa Elias de Oliveira,&nbsp;Lizandro Lui,&nbsp;Cristiana Losekann,&nbsp;Eduardo Grin,&nbsp;André Luiz Marenco dos Santos","doi":"10.1126/science.ady1746","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ady1746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Indian tradition of appreciating nature","authors":"Aashna Sharma","doi":"10.1126/science.adv6975","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adv6975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caught in the crosshairs","authors":"Richard Stone","doi":"10.1126/science.aeb0043","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aeb0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6759","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aeb0043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}