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Alpha and helion particle charge radius difference determined from quantum-degenerate helium 由量子简并氦确定的α和氦粒子电荷半径差
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2462
Y. van der Werf, K. Steinebach, R. Jannin, H. L. Bethlem, K. S. E. Eikema
{"title":"Alpha and helion particle charge radius difference determined from quantum-degenerate helium","authors":"Y. van der Werf,&nbsp;K. Steinebach,&nbsp;R. Jannin,&nbsp;H. L. Bethlem,&nbsp;K. S. E. Eikema","doi":"10.1126/science.adj2462","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adj2462","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Accurate spectroscopic measurements of calculable systems provide a powerful method for testing the Standard Model and extracting fundamental constants. Recently, spectroscopic measurements of finite nuclear size effects in normal and muonic hydrogen resulted in unexpectedly large adjustments of the proton charge radius and the Rydberg constant. We measured the 2<sup>3</sup><i>S</i>→2<sup>1</sup><i>S</i> transition frequency in a Fermi gas of <sup>3</sup>He with an order of magnitude higher accuracy than determined previously. Together with a previous measurement in a <sup>4</sup>He Bose-Einstein condensate, a squared charge radius difference <i>r<sub>h</sub></i><sup>2</sup> – <i>r</i><sub>α</sub><sup>2</sup> = 1.0757(12)<sub>exp</sub>(9)<sub>theo</sub> fm<sup>2</sup> was determined between the helion and alpha particle. This measurement provides a stringent benchmark for nuclear structure calculations.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A strange fascination. 一种奇怪的迷恋。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adz1375
Zack Savitsky
{"title":"A strange fascination.","authors":"Zack Savitsky","doi":"10.1126/science.adz1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz1375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of exotic materials called \"strange metals\" point to a whole new way to understand electricity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":"810-814"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancient Borrelia genomes document the evolutionary history of louse-borne relapsing fever. 古代伯氏疏螺旋体基因组记录了虱子传播的回归热的进化史。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr2147
Pooja Swali, Thomas Booth, Cedric C S Tan, Jesse McCabe, Kyriaki Anastasiadou, Christopher Barrington, Matteo Borrini, Adelle Bricking, Jo Buckberry, Lindsey Büster, Rea Carlin, Alexandre Gilardet, Isabelle Glocke, Joel D Irish, Monica Kelly, Megan King, Fiona Petchey, Jessica Peto, Marina Silva, Leo Speidel, Frankie Tait, Adelina Teoaca, Satu Valoriani, Mia Williams, Richard Madgwick, Graham Mullan, Linda Wilson, Kevin Cootes, Ian Armit, Maximiliano G Gutierrez, Lucy van Dorp, Pontus Skoglund
{"title":"Ancient <i>Borrelia</i> genomes document the evolutionary history of louse-borne relapsing fever.","authors":"Pooja Swali, Thomas Booth, Cedric C S Tan, Jesse McCabe, Kyriaki Anastasiadou, Christopher Barrington, Matteo Borrini, Adelle Bricking, Jo Buckberry, Lindsey Büster, Rea Carlin, Alexandre Gilardet, Isabelle Glocke, Joel D Irish, Monica Kelly, Megan King, Fiona Petchey, Jessica Peto, Marina Silva, Leo Speidel, Frankie Tait, Adelina Teoaca, Satu Valoriani, Mia Williams, Richard Madgwick, Graham Mullan, Linda Wilson, Kevin Cootes, Ian Armit, Maximiliano G Gutierrez, Lucy van Dorp, Pontus Skoglund","doi":"10.1126/science.adr2147","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr2147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several bacterial pathogens have transitioned from tick-borne to louse-borne transmission, which often involves genome reduction and increasing virulence. However, the timing of such transitions remains unclear. We sequenced four ancient <i>Borrelia recurrentis</i> genomes, the agent of louse-borne relapsing fever, dating from 2300 to 600 years ago. We estimated the divergence from its closest tick-borne relative to 6000 to 4000 years ago, which suggests an emergence coinciding with human lifestyle changes such as the advent of wool-based textiles. Pan-genome analysis indicated that much of the evolution characteristic of <i>B. recurrentis</i> had occurred by ~2300 years ago, though further gene turnover, particularly in plasmid partitioning, persisted until ~1000 years ago. Our findings provide a direct genomic chronology of the evolution of this specialized vector-borne pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":"eadr2147"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cultivating the side hustle. 培养副业。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adz0776
Gertrude Nonterah
{"title":"Cultivating the side hustle.","authors":"Gertrude Nonterah","doi":"10.1126/science.adz0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz0776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":"890"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep learning-guided design of dynamic proteins. 基于深度学习的动态蛋白质设计。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr7094
Amy B Guo, Deniz Akpinaroglu, Christina A Stephens, Michael Grabe, Colin A Smith, Mark J S Kelly, Tanja Kortemme
{"title":"Deep learning-guided design of dynamic proteins.","authors":"Amy B Guo, Deniz Akpinaroglu, Christina A Stephens, Michael Grabe, Colin A Smith, Mark J S Kelly, Tanja Kortemme","doi":"10.1126/science.adr7094","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr7094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning has advanced the design of static protein structures, but the controlled conformational changes that are hallmarks of natural signaling proteins have remained inaccessible to de novo design. Here, we describe a general deep learning-guided approach for de novo design of dynamic changes between intradomain geometries of proteins, similar to switch mechanisms prevalent in nature, with atomic-level precision. We solve four structures that validate the designed conformations, demonstrate modulation of the conformational landscape by orthosteric ligands and allosteric mutations, and show that physics-based simulations are in agreement with deep-learning predictions and experimental data. Our approach demonstrates that new modes of motion can now be realized through de novo design and provides a framework for constructing biology-inspired, tunable, and controllable protein signaling behavior de novo.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":"eadr7094"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancient Borrelia genomes document the evolutionary history of louse-borne relapsing fever 古代伯氏疏螺旋体基因组记录了虱子传播的回归热的进化史
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22
Pooja Swali, Thomas Booth, Cedric C. S. Tan, Jesse McCabe, Kyriaki Anastasiadou, Christopher Barrington, Matteo Borrini, Adelle Bricking, Jo Buckberry, Lindsey Büster, Rea Carlin, Alexandre Gilardet, Isabelle Glocke, Joel D. Irish, Monica Kelly, Megan King, Fiona Petchey, Jessica Peto, Marina Silva, Leo Speidel, Frankie Tait, Adelina Teoaca, Satu Valoriani, Mia Williams, Richard Madgwick, Graham Mullan, Linda Wilson, Kevin Cootes, Ian Armit, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez, Lucy van Dorp, Pontus Skoglund
{"title":"Ancient Borrelia genomes document the evolutionary history of louse-borne relapsing fever","authors":"Pooja Swali,&nbsp;Thomas Booth,&nbsp;Cedric C. S. Tan,&nbsp;Jesse McCabe,&nbsp;Kyriaki Anastasiadou,&nbsp;Christopher Barrington,&nbsp;Matteo Borrini,&nbsp;Adelle Bricking,&nbsp;Jo Buckberry,&nbsp;Lindsey Büster,&nbsp;Rea Carlin,&nbsp;Alexandre Gilardet,&nbsp;Isabelle Glocke,&nbsp;Joel D. Irish,&nbsp;Monica Kelly,&nbsp;Megan King,&nbsp;Fiona Petchey,&nbsp;Jessica Peto,&nbsp;Marina Silva,&nbsp;Leo Speidel,&nbsp;Frankie Tait,&nbsp;Adelina Teoaca,&nbsp;Satu Valoriani,&nbsp;Mia Williams,&nbsp;Richard Madgwick,&nbsp;Graham Mullan,&nbsp;Linda Wilson,&nbsp;Kevin Cootes,&nbsp;Ian Armit,&nbsp;Maximiliano G. Gutierrez,&nbsp;Lucy van Dorp,&nbsp;Pontus Skoglund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Several bacterial pathogens have transitioned from tick-borne to louse-borne transmission, which often involves genome reduction and increasing virulence. However, the timing of such transitions remains unclear. We sequenced four ancient <i>Borrelia recurrentis</i> genomes, the agent of louse-borne relapsing fever, dating from 2300 to 600 years ago. We estimated the divergence from its closest tick-borne relative to 6000 to 4000 years ago, which suggests an emergence coinciding with human lifestyle changes such as the advent of wool-based textiles. Pan-genome analysis indicated that much of the evolution characteristic of <i>B. recurrentis</i> had occurred by ~2300 years ago, though further gene turnover, particularly in plasmid partitioning, persisted until ~1000 years ago. Our findings provide a direct genomic chronology of the evolution of this specialized vector-borne pathogen.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The emergence and demise of giant sloths 巨型树懒的出现和消亡
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adu0704
Alberto Boscaini, Daniel M. Casali, Néstor Toledo, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, M. Susana Bargo, Gerardo De Iuliis, Timothy J. Gaudin, Max C. Langer, Rachel Narducci, François Pujos, Eduardo M. Soto, Sergio F. Vizcaíno, Ignacio M. Soto
{"title":"The emergence and demise of giant sloths","authors":"Alberto Boscaini,&nbsp;Daniel M. Casali,&nbsp;Néstor Toledo,&nbsp;Juan L. Cantalapiedra,&nbsp;M. Susana Bargo,&nbsp;Gerardo De Iuliis,&nbsp;Timothy J. Gaudin,&nbsp;Max C. Langer,&nbsp;Rachel Narducci,&nbsp;François Pujos,&nbsp;Eduardo M. Soto,&nbsp;Sergio F. Vizcaíno,&nbsp;Ignacio M. Soto","doi":"10.1126/science.adu0704","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu0704","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The emergence of multi-tonne herbivores is a recurrent aspect of the Cenozoic mammalian radiation. Several of these giants have vanished within the past 130,000 years, but the timing and macroevolutionary drivers behind this pattern of rise and collapse remain unclear for some megaherbivore lineages. Using trait modeling that combines total-evidence evolutionary trees and a comprehensive size dataset, we show that sloth body mass evolved with major lifestyle shifts and that most terrestrial lineages reached their largest sizes through slower evolutionary rates compared with extant arboreal forms. Size disparity increased during the late Cenozoic climatic cooling, but paleoclimatic changes do not explain the rapid extinction of ground sloths that started approximately 15,000 years ago. Their abrupt demise suggests human-driven factors in the decline and extinction of ground sloths.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum for the Report “Directly visualizing the momentum-forbidden dark excitons and their dynamics in atomically thin semiconductors” by Julien Madéo et al. “直接可视化原子薄半导体中动量禁止的暗激子及其动力学”报告的勘误，作者：Julien mad<s:1>等人。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adz0178
{"title":"Erratum for the Report “Directly visualizing the momentum-forbidden dark excitons and their dynamics in atomically thin semiconductors” by Julien Madéo et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/science.adz0178","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz0178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adz0178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Embracing bamboo’s resilience 拥抱竹子的韧性
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.adt6292
Longwei Li
{"title":"Embracing bamboo’s resilience","authors":"Longwei Li","doi":"10.1126/science.adt6292","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adt6292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A refinery in a thin film 薄膜中的精炼厂
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1126/science.ady1446
Peter M. Budd
{"title":"A refinery in a thin film","authors":"Peter M. Budd","doi":"10.1126/science.ady1446","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ady1446","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Many chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals must be isolated from a mixture of various molecules. Traditional separation processes such as distillation not only require a great deal of energy but also generate large amounts of greenhouse gases (<i>1</i>). An attractive alternative is reverse osmosis that filters liquid solutions through a semipermeable, thin membrane by applying pressure. This method has been broadly used to separate water from salts. However, it is a challenge to create membranes that can isolate molecules from a complex hydrocarbon mixture such as crude oil. On page 839 of this issue, Lee <i>et al</i>. (<i>2</i>) report the fabrication of a reverse osmosis membrane that can separate molecules from industrially relevant organic solvents. This could potentially replace energy-intensive distillation processes in industry.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6749","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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