SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.adx3741
Anja Ulrich, Kamal Brahim, Andries Boelen, Michiel Debaets, Ahmed Khalil, Conglin Sun, Yishu Huang, Sandeep Seema Saseendran, Marina Baryshnikova, Paola Favia, Thomas Nuytten, Stefanie Sergeant, Kasper Van Gasse, Bart Kuyken, Kristiaan De Greve, Clement Merckling, Christian Haffner
{"title":"Engineering high Pockels coefficients in thin-film strontium titanate for cryogenic quantum electro-optic applications","authors":"Anja Ulrich, Kamal Brahim, Andries Boelen, Michiel Debaets, Ahmed Khalil, Conglin Sun, Yishu Huang, Sandeep Seema Saseendran, Marina Baryshnikova, Paola Favia, Thomas Nuytten, Stefanie Sergeant, Kasper Van Gasse, Bart Kuyken, Kristiaan De Greve, Clement Merckling, Christian Haffner","doi":"10.1126/science.adx3741","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx3741","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Pockels materials are notable for their strong electro-optic interaction and rapid response times and are therefore used extensively in optical communications. However, at cryogenic temperatures, Pockels coefficients are reduced in many materials optimized for room-temperature operation, which is a major hurdle for emerging quantum technologies. Here, we show that strontium titanate (SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) can be engineered to exhibit a Pockels coefficient of 345 picometers per volt at 20 hertz at cryogenic temperatures, a value twice as high as any other thin-film electro-optic material. By adjusting the stoichiometry, we were able to increase the Curie temperature and realize a ferroelectric phase yielding a high Pockels coefficient, so far with limited optical losses of decibels per centimeter. Our findings position SrTiO<sub>3</sub> as a promising material for cryogenic quantum photonics applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.adx8657
Christopher P. Anderson, Giovanni Scuri, Aaron Chan, Sungjun Eun, Alexander D. White, Geun Ho Ahn, Christine Jilly, Amir Safavi-Naeini, Kasper Van Gasse, Lu Li, Jelena Vučković
{"title":"Quantum critical electro-optic and piezo-electric nonlinearities","authors":"Christopher P. Anderson, Giovanni Scuri, Aaron Chan, Sungjun Eun, Alexander D. White, Geun Ho Ahn, Christine Jilly, Amir Safavi-Naeini, Kasper Van Gasse, Lu Li, Jelena Vučković","doi":"10.1126/science.adx8657","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx8657","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Although electro-optic (EO) nonlinearities are essential for many quantum and classical photonics applications, a major challenge is inefficient modulation in cryogenic environments. Guided by the connection between phase transitions and nonlinearity, we identify the quantum paraelectric perovskite SrTiO<sub>3</sub> as a strong cryogenic EO [>500 picometers per volt (pm/V)] and piezo-electric material (>90 picocoulombs per newton) at <i>T </i>= 5 K, at frequencies to at least 1 megahertz. Furthermore, by tuning SrTiO<sub>3</sub> toward quantum criticality, we more than double the EO and piezo-electric effects, demonstrating a linear Pockels coefficient above 1000 pm/V. Our results probe the link between quantum phase transitions, dielectric susceptibility, and nonlinearity, unlocking opportunities in cryogenic optical and mechanical systems and providing a framework for discovering new nonlinear materials.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nematode telomerase RNA hitchhikes on introns of germline–up-regulated genes","authors":"Yutaka Takeda, Masahiro Onoguchi, Fumiya Ito, Io Yamamoto, Shunsuke Sumi, Tatsuyuki Yoshii, Morié Ishida, Eriko Kajikawa, Jingjing Zhang, Osamu Nishimura, Mitsutaka Kadota, Shunsuke Tagami, Takefumi Kondo, Hirohide Saito, Michiaki Hamada, Hiroki Shibuya","doi":"10.1126/science.ads7778","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ads7778","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeric DNA, ensuring germline immortality. In this study, we identified the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> telomerase RNA component 1 (<i>terc-1</i>), as the first known telomerase RNA expressed as an intronic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), embedded in an intron of germline–up-regulated gene <i>nmy-2</i>. <i>terc-1</i> undergoes splicing, polyadenylation, and nuclear RNA exosome–dependent maturation, stabilized by H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins, thus co-opting the H/ACA small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) biogenesis machinery. Mutations in <i>terc-1</i> led to progressive telomere shortening and sterility in successive generations. Artificially transplanting the <i>nmy-2</i> intron into the introns of germline-expressed genes but not non–germline-expressed genes restored germline immortality, highlighting the importance of genomic context. Our findings suggest that nematode telomerase RNA is a snoRNA-like intronic lncRNA that exploits the introns of germline–up-regulated genes to ensure species survival.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.aed2822
Celina Zhao
{"title":"Cybersecurity mandate alarms University of California faculty.","authors":"Celina Zhao","doi":"10.1126/science.aed2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aed2822","url":null,"abstract":"Professors say required security software undermines academic freedom.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"320-321"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.aed2821
Gretchen Vogel
{"title":"New study fuels debate over lifesaving antibiotic strategy for children in Africa.","authors":"Gretchen Vogel","doi":"10.1126/science.aed2821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aed2821","url":null,"abstract":"Mass distribution increases risk of antibiotic resistance, but benefits vanish when treatment is restricted to babies.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"318-319"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.adw3282
Andrew G. Flynn, Stephen L. Brusatte, Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, Jorge García-Girón, Adam J. Davis, C. Will Fenley IV, Caitlin E. Leslie, Ross Secord, Sarah Shelley, Anne Weil, Matthew T. Heizler, Thomas E. Williamson, Daniel J. Peppe
{"title":"Late-surviving New Mexican dinosaurs illuminate high end-Cretaceous diversity and provinciality","authors":"Andrew G. Flynn, Stephen L. Brusatte, Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, Jorge García-Girón, Adam J. Davis, C. Will Fenley IV, Caitlin E. Leslie, Ross Secord, Sarah Shelley, Anne Weil, Matthew T. Heizler, Thomas E. Williamson, Daniel J. Peppe","doi":"10.1126/science.adw3282","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adw3282","url":null,"abstract":"<div >It has long been debated whether non-avian dinosaurs went extinct abruptly or gradually at the end-Cretaceous (66 million years ago), because their fossil record at this time is mostly limited to northern North America. We constrain a dinosaur-rich unit to the south, the Naashoibito Member in New Mexico, to the very latest Cretaceous (~66.4 to 66.0 million years), preserving some of the last-known non-avian dinosaurs. Ecological modeling shows that North American terrestrial vertebrates maintained high diversity and endemism in the latest Cretaceous and early Paleogene, with bioprovinces shaped by temperature and geography. This counters the notion of a low-diversity cross-continental fauna and suggests that dinosaurs were diverse and partitioned into regionally distinct assemblages during the final few hundred thousand years before the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adw3282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.adr0216
José E. Romero-González, Zhenwei Zhuo, Lulu Chen, Chaoyang Peng, Cwyn Solvi, Fei Peng
{"title":"Positive affective contagion in bumble bees","authors":"José E. Romero-González, Zhenwei Zhuo, Lulu Chen, Chaoyang Peng, Cwyn Solvi, Fei Peng","doi":"10.1126/science.adr0216","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr0216","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Affective contagion, a core component of empathy, has been widely characterized in social vertebrates but its existence in any invertebrate is unknown. Using a cognitive bias paradigm we demonstrate positive affective contagion in bumble bees. After being trained on colored flowers with different reinforcements, bees that interacted with a conspecific in a positive affective state were quicker and more likely than controls to land on ambiguous colored flowers, indicating the transfer of a positive judgment bias between bees. Additional observations and experiments showed that affect could be transmitted between bees without physical contact, i.e., through visual modality alone. Our findings suggest that affective contagion may be an evolutionarily widespread mechanism present in both social vertebrates and social insects.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.aea8984
Darrell J. Gaskin
{"title":"Correcting the record on race and medicine","authors":"Darrell J. Gaskin","doi":"10.1126/science.aea8984","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aea8984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1126/science.aec4408
Steven Runo
{"title":"The paradox of kin avoidance in parasitic plants","authors":"Steven Runo","doi":"10.1126/science.aec4408","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aec4408","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Parasitic plants live off other plants, and among the most destructive are witchweeds (<i>Striga</i>), which devastate Africa’s staple cereals and threaten the livelihoods of millions (<i>1, 2</i>). Although many parasitic plants can infect a broad range of hosts, cases of one parasite attacking another are rare, suggesting that they can recognize their kin. Infection depends on the haustorium, a tubelike structure that forms when parasites detect host-derived chemical cues known as haustorium-inducing factors (<i>3</i>, <i>4</i>). The haustorium extends from the tip of the parasitic plant seedling and penetrates the host root, enabling access to water and nutrient channels (<i>5</i>). Paradoxically, such cues are also produced by parasitic plants (<i>6</i>). On page 405, Xiang <i>et al</i>. (<i>7</i>) report that parasitic plants avoid kin parasitism by inactivating their own cues through a glucose-tagging process called glucosylation . This discovery opens opportunities to breed crops that emit similarly inactive signals to protect them from parasitic plants.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}