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Subambient daytime radiative cooling of vertical surfaces 垂直表面白天的亚环境辐射冷却
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn2524
Fei Xie, Weiliang Jin, J. Ryan Nolen, Hao Pan, Naiqin Yi, Yang An, Zhiyu Zhang, Xiangtong Kong, Fei Zhu, Ke Jiang, Sicong Tian, Tianji Liu, Xiaojuan Sun, Longnan Li, Dabing Li, Yun-Feng Xiao, Andrea Alu, Shanhui Fan, Wei Li
{"title":"Subambient daytime radiative cooling of vertical surfaces","authors":"Fei Xie,&nbsp;Weiliang Jin,&nbsp;J. Ryan Nolen,&nbsp;Hao Pan,&nbsp;Naiqin Yi,&nbsp;Yang An,&nbsp;Zhiyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangtong Kong,&nbsp;Fei Zhu,&nbsp;Ke Jiang,&nbsp;Sicong Tian,&nbsp;Tianji Liu,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Sun,&nbsp;Longnan Li,&nbsp;Dabing Li,&nbsp;Yun-Feng Xiao,&nbsp;Andrea Alu,&nbsp;Shanhui Fan,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1126/science.adn2524","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adn2524","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Subambient daytime radiative cooling enables temperatures to passively reach below ambient temperature, even under direct sunlight, by emitting thermal radiation toward outer space. This technology holds promise for numerous exciting applications. However, previous demonstrations of subambient daytime radiative cooling require surfaces that directly face the sky, and these cannot be applied to vertical surfaces that are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios such as buildings and vehicles. Here, we demonstrate subambient daytime radiative cooling of vertical surfaces under peak sunlight using a hierarchically designed, angularly asymmetric, spectrally selective thermal emitter. Under peak sunlight of about 920 watts per square meter, our emitter reaches a temperature that is about 2.5°C below ambient temperature, corresponding to a temperature reduction of about 4.3° and 8.9°C compared with a silica-polymer hybrid radiative cooler and commercial white paint, respectively.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
End illegal sand mining in China 制止在中国非法采砂。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr7278
Mingrong Liang, Yuling Liang, Yongyue Lu, Yijuan Xu, Benoit Guénard
{"title":"End illegal sand mining in China","authors":"Mingrong Liang,&nbsp;Yuling Liang,&nbsp;Yongyue Lu,&nbsp;Yijuan Xu,&nbsp;Benoit Guénard","doi":"10.1126/science.adr7278","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr7278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Other Journals 其他期刊。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adu5506
Peter Stern, Madeleine Seale, Melissa McCartney, Yevgeniya Nusinovich, Priscilla N. Kelly, Ian S. Osborne, Brent Grocholski
{"title":"In Other Journals","authors":"Peter Stern,&nbsp;Madeleine Seale,&nbsp;Melissa McCartney,&nbsp;Yevgeniya Nusinovich,&nbsp;Priscilla N. Kelly,&nbsp;Ian S. Osborne,&nbsp;Brent Grocholski","doi":"10.1126/science.adu5506","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu5506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adu5506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A mechanical qubit 机械量子比特
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr2464
Yu Yang, Igor Kladarić, Maxwell Drimmer, Uwe von Lüpke, Daan Lenterman, Joost Bus, Stefano Marti, Matteo Fadel, Yiwen Chu
{"title":"A mechanical qubit","authors":"Yu Yang,&nbsp;Igor Kladarić,&nbsp;Maxwell Drimmer,&nbsp;Uwe von Lüpke,&nbsp;Daan Lenterman,&nbsp;Joost Bus,&nbsp;Stefano Marti,&nbsp;Matteo Fadel,&nbsp;Yiwen Chu","doi":"10.1126/science.adr2464","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr2464","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Although strong nonlinear interactions between quantized excitations are an important resource for quantum technologies based on bosonic oscillator modes, most electromagnetic and mechanical nonlinearities are far too weak to allow for nonlinear effects to be observed at the single-quantum level. This limitation has been overcome in electromagnetic resonators by coupling them to other strongly nonlinear quantum systems such as atoms and superconducting qubits. We demonstrate the realization of the single-phonon nonlinear regime in a solid-state mechanical system. The single-phonon anharmonicity in our system exceeds the decoherence rate by a factor of 6.8, allowing us to use it as a mechanical qubit and demonstrate initialization, readout, and single-qubit gates. Our approach provides a powerful quantum acoustics platform for quantum simulations, sensing, and information processing.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathways to reduce global plastic waste mismanagement and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 到 2050 年减少全球塑料废物管理不善和温室气体排放的途径
IF 56.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adr3837
A. Samuel Pottinger, Roland Geyer, Nivedita Biyani, Ciera C Martinez, Neil Nathan, Molly R Morse, Chao Liu, Shanying Hu, Magali de Bruyn, Carl Boettiger, Elijah Baker, Douglas J McCauley
{"title":"Pathways to reduce global plastic waste mismanagement and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050","authors":"A. Samuel Pottinger, Roland Geyer, Nivedita Biyani, Ciera C Martinez, Neil Nathan, Molly R Morse, Chao Liu, Shanying Hu, Magali de Bruyn, Carl Boettiger, Elijah Baker, Douglas J McCauley","doi":"10.1126/science.adr3837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr3837","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic production and plastic pollution negatively affect our environment, environmental justice, and climate change. Using detailed global and regional plastics datasets coupled with socio-economic data, we employ machine learning to predict that, without intervention, annual mismanaged plastic waste will nearly double to 121 Mt (100 - 139 Mt 95% CI) by 2050. Annual greenhouse gas emissions from the plastic system are projected to grow by 37% to 3.35 Gt CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> equivalent (3.09 - 3.54 CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> e) over the same period. The United Nations plastic pollution treaty presents a unique opportunity to reshape these outcomes. We simulate eight candidate treaty policies and find that just four could together reduce mismanaged plastic waste by 91% (86% - 98%) and gross plastic-related greenhouse gas emissions by one third.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science is neither red nor blue 科学既非红色也非蓝色
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4907
Marcia McNutt
{"title":"Science is neither red nor blue","authors":"Marcia McNutt","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4907","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu4907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adu4907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synchronous recognition of amines in oxidative carbonylation toward unsymmetrical ureas 氧化羰基化过程中胺与不对称脲的同步识别
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0149
Jinhui Wang, Shengchun Wang, Zhihong Wei, Pengjie Wang, Yanwei Cao, Yang Huang, Lin He, Aiwen Lei
{"title":"Synchronous recognition of amines in oxidative carbonylation toward unsymmetrical ureas","authors":"Jinhui Wang,&nbsp;Shengchun Wang,&nbsp;Zhihong Wei,&nbsp;Pengjie Wang,&nbsp;Yanwei Cao,&nbsp;Yang Huang,&nbsp;Lin He,&nbsp;Aiwen Lei","doi":"10.1126/science.adl0149","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adl0149","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Unsymmetrical ureas are commonly found in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. However, devising strategies to introduce two distinct amines selectively in the construction of unsymmetrical ureas remains a challenge. In this work, we use a synchronous recognition strategy that takes advantage of radical and nucleophilic activation to discriminate between secondary and primary amines. Specifically, a copper catalyst preferentially oxidizes secondary amines to radical species, whereas a cobalt catalyst carbonylates primary amines to produce cobalt amides. Coupling these fragments by cooperative catalysis produces unsymmetrical ureas with high selectivity, as showcased by the modification of 41 biologically active compounds and six drugs.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing 推进减少动物试验的替代方法。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6228
Chad P. Nelson, Paul Brown, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Kevin A. Ford, Paul C. Howard, Tracy MacGill, Edward E. C. Margerrison, Jacqueline O’Shaughnessy, Tucker A. Patterson, Rakesh Raghuwanshi, Rodney Rouse, Selen Stromgren, Kyung E. Sung, Luis G. Valerio Jr., Jeffrey L. Ward, Namandjé N. Bumpus
{"title":"Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing","authors":"Chad P. Nelson,&nbsp;Paul Brown,&nbsp;Suzanne Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Kevin A. Ford,&nbsp;Paul C. Howard,&nbsp;Tracy MacGill,&nbsp;Edward E. C. Margerrison,&nbsp;Jacqueline O’Shaughnessy,&nbsp;Tucker A. Patterson,&nbsp;Rakesh Raghuwanshi,&nbsp;Rodney Rouse,&nbsp;Selen Stromgren,&nbsp;Kyung E. Sung,&nbsp;Luis G. Valerio Jr.,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Ward,&nbsp;Namandjé N. Bumpus","doi":"10.1126/science.adg6228","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adg6228","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Animal studies have been essential to advancing understanding of diseases and development of therapies and are critical to evaluate the potential for toxicity, safety, and, at times, effectiveness, of consumer products (e.g., medical products, foods, tobacco products, and cosmetics). Although animal toxicity studies have proven essential for identifying potential human risks, finding ways to reduce the use of animals and develop effective alternatives is an important effort. Advances in biology, engineering, and artificial intelligence have created new opportunities to improve our ability to assess safety, quality, and effectiveness of many consumer products. However, multiple steps are required to translate these new technologies into regulatory use and maintain the same standards of safety, quality, and effectiveness. We discuss the approach being taken by one major regulatory body, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to advance new methods into regulatory use.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gatekeepers of the brain: Identifying hidden mechanisms of type A GABA receptor signaling and assembly 大脑的守门员识别 A 型 GABA 受体信号传递和组装的隐藏机制。
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adt8990
Andrija Sente
{"title":"Gatekeepers of the brain: Identifying hidden mechanisms of type A GABA receptor signaling and assembly","authors":"Andrija Sente","doi":"10.1126/science.adt8990","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adt8990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adt8990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ribozyme-activated mRNA trans-ligation enables large gene delivery to treat muscular dystrophies 由核酸酶激活的 mRNA 转导可实现大剂量基因递送，治疗肌肉萎缩症
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊
Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp8179
Sean R. Lindley, Kadiam C. Venkata Subbaiah, Fnu Priyanka, Pornthida Poosala, Yijie Ma, Leila Jalinous, Jason A. West, William A. Richardson, Tamlyn N. Thomas, Douglas M. Anderson
{"title":"Ribozyme-activated mRNA trans-ligation enables large gene delivery to treat muscular dystrophies","authors":"Sean R. Lindley,&nbsp;Kadiam C. Venkata Subbaiah,&nbsp;Fnu Priyanka,&nbsp;Pornthida Poosala,&nbsp;Yijie Ma,&nbsp;Leila Jalinous,&nbsp;Jason A. West,&nbsp;William A. Richardson,&nbsp;Tamlyn N. Thomas,&nbsp;Douglas M. Anderson","doi":"10.1126/science.adp8179","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp8179","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Ribozymes are small catalytic RNA sequences capable of nucleotide-specific self-cleavage found widespread in nature. Ribozyme cleavage generates distinct 2′,3′-phosphate and 5′-hydroxyl termini that resemble substrates for recently characterized RNA repair pathways in cells. We report that ribozyme cleavage of two separate mRNAs activated their scarless trans-ligation and translation into full-length protein in eukaryotic cells, a process that we named StitchR (for Stitch RNA). Optimization of StitchR activity in mammalian cells resulted in a ~900-fold increase in protein expression that approached levels observed for genes expressed from single vectors. We demonstrate that StitchR can be harnessed for effective dual adeno-associated virus gene therapies to correct muscular dystrophies by restoring large functional muscle proteins to endogenous levels in vivo.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6723","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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