SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1126/science.adv3778
Ian S Osborne, Keith T Smith, Jake S Yeston, Madeleine Seale, Sarah H Ross, Di Jiang, Melisa Yashinski, Annalisa M VanHook, Mattia Maroso, Bianca Lopez, Ankit Walia, Phil Szuromi, Michael A Funk, Brent Grocholski, Seth T Scanlon, Amos Matsiko, Courtney Malo
{"title":"In Science Journals.","authors":"Ian S Osborne, Keith T Smith, Jake S Yeston, Madeleine Seale, Sarah H Ross, Di Jiang, Melisa Yashinski, Annalisa M VanHook, Mattia Maroso, Bianca Lopez, Ankit Walia, Phil Szuromi, Michael A Funk, Brent Grocholski, Seth T Scanlon, Amos Matsiko, Courtney Malo","doi":"10.1126/science.adv3778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv3778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highlights from the <i>Science</i> family of journals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6728","pages":"1359-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3409
Marianna Boccia, Danny Kessler, Wibke Seibt, Veit Grabe, Carlos E Rodríguez López, Dagny Grzech, Sarah Heinicke, Sarah E O'Connor, Prashant D Sonawane
{"title":"A scaffold protein manages the biosynthesis of steroidal defense metabolites in plants.","authors":"Marianna Boccia, Danny Kessler, Wibke Seibt, Veit Grabe, Carlos E Rodríguez López, Dagny Grzech, Sarah Heinicke, Sarah E O'Connor, Prashant D Sonawane","doi":"10.1126/science.ado3409","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ado3409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Solanaceae</i> plants produce two major classes of valuable sterol-derived natural products-steroidal glycoalkaloids and steroidal saponins-from a common cholesterol precursor. Attempts to heterologously produce these molecules have consistently failed, although the genes responsible for each biosynthetic step have been identified. Here we identify a cellulose synthase-like protein, an unexpected biosynthetic component that interacts with the early pathway enzymes, enabling steroidal scaffolds production in plants. Moreover, knockout of this gene in black nightshade, <i>Solanum nigrum</i>, resulted in plants lacking both steroidal alkaloids and saponins. Unexpectedly, these knockout plants also revealed that steroidal saponins deter serious agricultural insect pests. This discovery provides the missing link to engineer these high-value steroidal molecules and also pinpoints the ecological role for steroidal saponins.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":" ","pages":"1366-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1126/science.ads9158
Katarzyna P Adamala, Deepa Agashe, Yasmine Belkaid, Daniela Matias de C Bittencourt, Yizhi Cai, Matthew W Chang, Irene A Chen, George M Church, Vaughn S Cooper, Mark M Davis, Neal K Devaraj, Drew Endy, Kevin M Esvelt, John I Glass, Timothy W Hand, Thomas V Inglesby, Farren J Isaacs, Wilmot G James, Jonathan D G Jones, Michael S Kay, Richard E Lenski, Chenli Liu, Ruslan Medzhitov, Matthew L Nicotra, Sebastian B Oehm, Jaspreet Pannu, David A Relman, Petra Schwille, James A Smith, Hiroaki Suga, Jack W Szostak, Nicholas J Talbot, James M Tiedje, J Craig Venter, Gregory Winter, Weiwen Zhang, Xinguang Zhu, Maria T Zuber
{"title":"Confronting risks of mirror life.","authors":"Katarzyna P Adamala, Deepa Agashe, Yasmine Belkaid, Daniela Matias de C Bittencourt, Yizhi Cai, Matthew W Chang, Irene A Chen, George M Church, Vaughn S Cooper, Mark M Davis, Neal K Devaraj, Drew Endy, Kevin M Esvelt, John I Glass, Timothy W Hand, Thomas V Inglesby, Farren J Isaacs, Wilmot G James, Jonathan D G Jones, Michael S Kay, Richard E Lenski, Chenli Liu, Ruslan Medzhitov, Matthew L Nicotra, Sebastian B Oehm, Jaspreet Pannu, David A Relman, Petra Schwille, James A Smith, Hiroaki Suga, Jack W Szostak, Nicholas J Talbot, James M Tiedje, J Craig Venter, Gregory Winter, Weiwen Zhang, Xinguang Zhu, Maria T Zuber","doi":"10.1126/science.ads9158","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ads9158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broad discussion is needed to chart a path forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":" ","pages":"1351-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1126/science.adu7458
Jack Stilgoe
{"title":"Experiments outside the lab come with new responsibilities.","authors":"Jack Stilgoe","doi":"10.1126/science.adu7458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu7458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>St. Ives is an idyllic seaside town on the southwest tip of England. It is a magnet for holidaymakers and artists. In early 2023, its residents were surprised to find that their beloved bay had become the location for an experiment. A technology start-up called Planetary Technologies had gained permission from the local water company to add magnesium hydroxide to a wastewater outlet pipe and pump it a mile offshore. Some within the community were outraged to find out from a national newspaper not only about the planned release of the chemicals, but that a small test had already happened the previous September. That April 2023, more than 300 protesters gathered on the beach, some with slogans on their surfboards. Most of them were concerned about the risks to their ecosystem and its crabs, seals, and lobsters. On finding out more about the company and its ambitions, some of the protesters started to see the experiment in a new light.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6728","pages":"eadu7458"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9137
Qing Tang, Wentao Zheng, Shuhan Zhang, Junxuan Fan, Leigh Anne Riedman, Xudong Hou, A D Muscente, Natalia Bykova, Peter M Sadler, Xiangdong Wang, Feifei Zhang, Xunlai Yuan, Chuanming Zhou, Bin Wan, Ke Pang, Qing Ouyang, N Ryan McKenzie, Guochun Zhao, Shuzhong Shen, Shuhai Xiao
{"title":"Quantifying the global biodiversity of Proterozoic eukaryotes.","authors":"Qing Tang, Wentao Zheng, Shuhan Zhang, Junxuan Fan, Leigh Anne Riedman, Xudong Hou, A D Muscente, Natalia Bykova, Peter M Sadler, Xiangdong Wang, Feifei Zhang, Xunlai Yuan, Chuanming Zhou, Bin Wan, Ke Pang, Qing Ouyang, N Ryan McKenzie, Guochun Zhao, Shuzhong Shen, Shuhai Xiao","doi":"10.1126/science.adm9137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adm9137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global diversity of Proterozoic eukaryote fossils is poorly quantified despite its fundamental importance to the understanding of macroevolutionary patterns and dynamics on the early Earth. Here we report a new construction of fossil eukaryote diversity from the Paleoproterozoic to early Cambrian based on a comprehensive data compilation and quantitative analyses. The resulting taxonomic richness curve verifies Cryogenian glaciations as a major divide that separates the \"Boring Billion\" and Ediacaran periods, with the former characterized by a prolonged stasis, and the latter by greater diversity, more-rapid turnover, and multiple radiations and extinctions. These contrasting evolutionary patterns and dynamics provide a framework to test competing hypotheses on biosphere and geosphere coevolution in the Proterozoic Eon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6728","pages":"eadm9137"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1126/science.adu0964
Tahu Kukutai
{"title":"The struggles and joys of being an Indigenous researcher in the academy.","authors":"Tahu Kukutai","doi":"10.1126/science.adu0964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu0964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In November I took part in two very different gatherings-one in Canada, the other in Aotearoa New Zealand-which highlight both the ongoing struggles and joys of being an Indigenous researcher in the academy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6728","pages":"eadu0964"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1126/science.adu2323
Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob
{"title":"Thermal radiation with a twist.","authors":"Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu2323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanotube filaments with a twisted geometry emit spinning heat waves at high temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6728","pages":"1348-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1126/science.adt1093
Zexian Cui, Qing Yang, Yan-Qiang Zhang, Chengyuan Wang, Haiyang Xian, Zhiming Chen, Zhiyong Xiao, Yuqi Qian, James W Head, Clive R Neal, Long Xiao, Fanglu Luo, Jingyou Chen, Pengli He, Yonghua Cao, Qin Zhou, Fangfang Huang, Linli Chen, Bo Wei, Jintuan Wang, Ya-Nan Yang, Shan Li, Yiping Yang, Xiaoju Lin, Jianxi Zhu, Le Zhang, Yi-Gang Xu
{"title":"A sample of the Moon's far side retrieved by Chang'e-6 contains 2.83-billion-year-old basalt.","authors":"Zexian Cui, Qing Yang, Yan-Qiang Zhang, Chengyuan Wang, Haiyang Xian, Zhiming Chen, Zhiyong Xiao, Yuqi Qian, James W Head, Clive R Neal, Long Xiao, Fanglu Luo, Jingyou Chen, Pengli He, Yonghua Cao, Qin Zhou, Fangfang Huang, Linli Chen, Bo Wei, Jintuan Wang, Ya-Nan Yang, Shan Li, Yiping Yang, Xiaoju Lin, Jianxi Zhu, Le Zhang, Yi-Gang Xu","doi":"10.1126/science.adt1093","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adt1093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remote sensing observations have shown that the far side of the Moon (lunar farside) has different geology and rock composition to those of the nearside, including the abundances of potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus (collectively known as KREEP). The Chang'e-6 (CE-6) spacecraft collected samples from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the farside and brought them to Earth. We used lead-lead and rubidium-strontium isotope systems to date low-titanium basalt in a CE-6 sample, finding a consistent age of 2830 (±5) million years. We interpret this as the date of volcanism in SPA and incorporate it into lunar crater chronology. Strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopes indicate that the volcanic magma was from a lunar mantle source depleted in incompatible elements and containing almost no KREEP component.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2396
Vamsee Mallajosyula, Saborni Chakraborty, Elsa Sola, Ryan Furuichi Fong, Vishnu Shankar, Fei Gao, Allison R. Burrell, Neha Gupta, Lisa E. Wagar, Paul S. Mischel, Robson Capasso, Mary A. Staat, Yueh-Hsiu Chien, Cornelia L. Dekker, Taia T. Wang, Mark M. Davis
{"title":"Coupling antigens from multiple subtypes of influenza can broaden antibody and T cell responses","authors":"Vamsee Mallajosyula, Saborni Chakraborty, Elsa Sola, Ryan Furuichi Fong, Vishnu Shankar, Fei Gao, Allison R. Burrell, Neha Gupta, Lisa E. Wagar, Paul S. Mischel, Robson Capasso, Mary A. Staat, Yueh-Hsiu Chien, Cornelia L. Dekker, Taia T. Wang, Mark M. Davis","doi":"10.1126/science.adi2396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2396","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal influenza vaccine contains strains of viruses from distinct subtypes that are grown independently and then combined. However, most individuals exhibit a more robust response to one of these strains and thus are vulnerable to infection by others. By studying a monozygotic twin cohort, we found that although prior exposure is a factor, host genetics are a stronger driver of subtype bias to influenza viral strains. We found that covalent coupling of heterologous hemagglutinin (HA) from different viral strains could largely eliminate subtype bias in an animal model and in a human tonsil organoid system. We proposed that coupling of heterologous antigens improves antibody responses across influenza strains by broadening T cell help, and we found that using this approach substantially improved the antibody response to avian influenza HA.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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